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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Chap.^..KnA 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ^ 



\ 



FITOHBTJUG 



■IN THE — 



WAR or THE REBELLION. 



BY HENRY A. WILLIS, 



" But thebx ark seeds which bhouid not pass awat, 
.Akd kames that must not wither." 



FITCHBUKG: 

PUBLISHED BY STEPHEN SUEPLEY. 

printed ET J. OARFIELD & CO. 

1866. 






S^l 



EC 



FATHERS AND MOTHERS 

WHO HAVE GIVEN THEIR NOBLE SONS ; 

TO THE VflDOW WHO HAS OFFERED UP HER HUSBAND; 

TO THE SISTERS AND BROTHERS OF THE DEAR ONES FALLEN; 

AND TO THE ORPHAN, V/HO ONLY KNOWS THAT ITS FATHER WENT TO 
THE WAR AND NEVER MORE RETURNED; 

TO 2'IIESS, ^IS .-4 2'OKEjr OF ja:i::4.StTFi:ZT SYMTATHV, 
THE WRITER DEDICATES THIS BOOK. 
FiTCiiBDRG, Oct- 1st, 18G6. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Many Histories of the Great Rebellion have been written ; 
many others will be, and perhaps the best and truest record of 
the perilous times through which we, as a Nation, have just 
passed, will be written many years hence. These will be general 
in their character, and will not descend to the details of the 
part which states, cities, towns and communities had in the great 
contest. Our present purpose is to put upon record in a concise 
form our share as a Town in the great work of vindicating the 
Constitution, the estabhshing of universal freedom, and preserving 
unsulUed the glorious " flag of the Republic." 

Justice, ahke to the living and the dead of the actors in the 
great drama, demands that their deeds shall be embalmed in the 
memories of posterity through all coming time. Gratitude to the 
living and precious memories of the dead prompt us to the wel- 
come task before us. 

A community which has sent nine companies into the field 
during the war, wliich has promptly filled its quotas under all 
calls and has now to its credit seventy-five men surplus above 
all demands upon it, has certainly a record of which it may well 
be proud, and one well worth preserving. 

The personal experiences of these our sons and brothers and 
fellow-citizens if they could be related — "the story of their 



6 IXTOODFCTION. 

lives from year to ^^ear ; the battles, sieges, foi-tnncs they have 
passed ; the most disastrous chances ; the moving accidents by 
flood and field ; of hair lireadth 'scapes in tlie imminent deadly 
breach ; of being taken by the insolent foe, and of their re- 
demption thence, and portance in their travels' history ;" — these 
Avould fill with intense interest many a volume. 

Our purpose in the present volume is to give an account of 
the early action of the town in the first weeks and months of 
the Rebellion ; the organizing of the various companies and the cir- 
cumstances of their departure, and a history in brief of the 
operations and adventures of each regiment with which they 
were connected, following them through the whole term of service, 
and noticing particulai-ly the principal engagements in which they 
bore a part. 

Also, an account of the various enterprises organized and 
carried on by our citizens for the relief of the soldiers and 
their families. Our " patriot dead" will be appropriately noticed, 
and accounts will be given of the various public funerals of the 
martyrs whose precious remains have been borne to our 
midst from the places Avhere they fell. Also, narratives of 
our citizens who suffered and perished in Southern prisons. 
A complete list will be given of every soldier who enlisted 
from Fitchburg, with his rank, company and regiment, when and 
for Avhat discharged, deaths, wounds, &c. Also, a full account of 
the two drafts with Hsts of men drafted, &c. Also, correspon- 
dence of soldiers — incidents — and various matters of interest. 

In short, it will be our effort to make the book as complete a 
record as possible of who our soldiers w^cre, what they did, and 
what befel them during their term of service. 

With thus much for introduction, we enter upon our work 
fully conscious of our inability to do the subject full justice, 
and humbly craving the kind consideration and gentle criticism 
of the reader. 



OPENING SCENES & EARLY ACTION OF THE TOWN. 



The opening scenes of the Rebellion are fresh in our minds ; 
the Presidential Election of 1860, the secession of State after 
State, the imbecility of the wretched old " functionary" who 
encumbered the Presidential Chair, the occupation of Fort 
Sumter by jMajor iVnderson, the attempt to provision the Fort, 
and the final attack upon it. 

On Saturday, the 13th of April, 1860, news came to our 
town that Fort Sumter had been attacked and was gallantly 
holding out. On Sunday evening, the 14th, the writer in 
company with the telegraph operator and another gentleman, 
visited the Telegraph Office for news. So much had been 
said and written of the " impregnabihty of Fort Sumter" that 
we were ill prepared for the message which soon chcked off 
to us as follows : 

" CUARLKSTOX, APKIL IStiI, 1801. 

Fort Sumter has uuconditionally surrendered. The news has just 
come. Gen. Chestnut (Ex-Gov. and Commander-in-Chief,) has just 
landed and marched to Gov. Pickens' residence followed by a great 
crowd with great joy. It is said that ten men of Fort 8umter were 
killed, and that the Federal Flag was shot away by the I*almetto 
Guards on Morris Island. In all, two thousand shots have been fired. 
No Carolinians hurt. Maj. Anderson and men under guard were con- 
veyed to Morris Island. The bells are ringing out merry jicals. Our 
people are engaged in every demonstration of joy. It is estimated that 
there are eight thousand men on the Island and in the neighborhood. 
I have just returned from a visit to Fort Sumter and I am assured that 
no one was killed at the Fort — this is reliable and puts to rest all 
reports about Sumter. Maj. Anderson has reached the city and is 



8 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

the guest of Gea. Beauregard. Our people* sympathize with Major 
Anderson, but abhor those who were in the steamers off our bay and 
in sioht of our people, and did not even attempt to re-enforce the Fort. 
Judge Magrath has just returned from the Fort and reports that the 
wood work and officers' quarters are all burned ; none of the officers 
were wounded. The Fort will be taken possession of to-night by the 
Confederate troops. 

Later. Lieut. Worden of the Federal Na\'y has been taken prisoner 
of war and his despatches from Lieut. Slimmer to "Washing-ton seized. 
Fort Pickens was reinforced last night. Great rejoicing in this city." 

Sucli was the sad story as first commtinicated to Fitchburg. 
The ball had fairly opened, and the rebels had achieved the 
first victory. What would be the result? Where would it end? 
No one then could predict. But we who survive have learned 
too well the sad history of the last four years of bloody war 
and can rejoice over the final glorious consummation. 

The sad news was fully confirmed by Monday morning's 
papers, which gave all the details. 

The call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand Vol- 
unteers opened our eyes to the fact that wax*, so long feared, 
so much to be deplored, so uncertain in its duration and 
consequences, was at last upon us. We can well remember 
the excitement of that memorable day ; the prompt response 
of Gov. Andrew to the President's call, and his order for 
several regiments of the Militia to proceed at once to Wash- 
ington to the defence of our National Capitol. 

We had at that time two companies of Militia in town : 
the "Fitchburg Fusiliers," Capt. John W. Kimball, and the 
"Washington Guards," Capt. Edwin Upton, both of the old 
Ninth Regiment, which tlien had but three other Companies, 
The commanders of these Companies, in response to " General 
Orders, reported their companies in condition to go forward at 
once, if called \tpon. But it appeared that enough u'hole reg- 
iments to meet the present emergency had been offered and 
accepted. Meantime the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth 
Regiments were liurriedly started for the scene of action. 



FITCHEURG IN THE REBELLION. 9 

All was excitement ; little business Avas done ; people gathered 
on the street comers Avitli saddened hearts, but with deter- 
mined looks, discussing what might next occur. 

Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday passed, and Friday, the 
ever memorable 19th of April came. Late in the afternoon 
the telegraph flashed to us the news of the attack in Balti- 
more as follows : " The Sixth Mass. Rcg't. is now fighting its 
way through Baltimore ; four men have been killed, many 
wounded, and the fighting still going on." Who that remem- 
bers those days can ever forget the shock ? What patriotic 
heart does not remember its impulses as the terrible truth burst 
upon him that our own Massachusetts soldiers had indeed become 
the first victims of this wicked outbreak? The impu>lse to rush 
to arms and descend like an avalanche upon the accursed city 
which had permitted this thing to come to pass, was only a 
feeling shared in common with the whole North. The next 
morning's papers gave full particulars, and a meeting of our 
citizens was held the same afternoon to sec what this town 
would do toAvards sustaining our government in its trial hour. 
Alvah Crocker, Es(|. presided and opened the meeting Avith a 
fcAV eloquent and patriotic remarks, and Avas folloAved by various 
other gentlemen, after Avhicli the following resolutions were 
presented and unanimously adopted. 

"■^ Resolved, That wo respond cordially to the Proclamation of the 
President of the United States : that avo declare our iinfliuchinf 
resolution to support our govcnnnont in its struggle to maintain its 
honor, integrity and existence. 

Resolved, That wo will use uur utmost endeavors to secure a 
A'ote of the town Avhereby the sum of ten thousand dollars shall be 
raised by direct tax, Avliich sum of money shall be a])i)ropriated to 
provide for the support of the families of any of the soldiers Avho may 
be called out during the present war, and for fitting out and 
equipping such men." 

The excitement had become intense and almost painful. Men 
met and grasped each other's hands in silence ; in tears ; Avith 
hearts too full for utterance but Avith holes Avliich meant ivar. 



10 FITCHBUllG IN THE REBELLIOX. 

All felt that there was now one duty above all others de- 
volving upon every loyal man ; to give personally a full and 
hearty support to the Government by all the means within our 
power. The next day was Sunday, the first Sabbath in " war 
time." llovf unspeakably sad it was ! Our good people 
wended their way to church with altered feehngs and under 
circumstances greatly changed from what had been their wont. 
The beautiful " flag of the Republic" floated sadly over the 
street in the gentle breeze of that Spring morning — but its 
stars seemed dim, its stripes only suggested blood. Whether it 
was longer to be the symbol of a free, united, happy country, 
or only to exist as a relic of a " fallen Republic" was a 
question that no one could answer that morning — and yet, as 
we gazed upon it we seemed to gather strength and confidence, 
for we remembered that it also represented })Ower Avhicli 
properly put forth, by loyal hands could bring us out of all 
our difficulties, and vve thanked God that the departments of 
Government, at least, were in honest, loyal hands. 

The services in tlic churches wore of a patriotic nature and 
our National Hymn, " Amicrica" which never before seemed of 
particular significance, was sung with a pathos and a meaning 
which reached all hearts. Thus passed the quiet Sabbath. 
It was not however, altogether a quiet one. It being expected 
that our companies might be ordered forward the next morning 
the " busy notes of preparation" were heard, and many of 
our ladies were engaged through the day in preparing clothing 
for the brave fellows who, like the minute men of the Revo- 
lution stood ready to move at a moment's warning. But, as 
will be seen they were not called upon for several days. 

On Saturday, April 27th, a Town Meeting was held at 
which the resolutions adopted at the Citizens' meeting April 20, 
Avere carried into effect by appropriating by unanimous vote the 
sum of ten thousand dollars for the benefit of the soldiers 
and their famihcs. The followhii^ were chosen a committee 



riTCIIELlRG IN THE REBELLION. 11 

to take charge of the same : Ebenezer Torrey, Moses Wood, 
C. Marshall, William Wooclbmy, Levi Downe, Alpheus P. 
Kimball, Timothy S. Wilson. A committee was also appointed 
to ascertain what reduction might be made in the expenses of 
the town for the current year, to report at an adjourned 
meeting one vreek later. 

The " Fusiliers" and " Guards" had recruited their companies, 
and this day, April 27th, had witnessed a grand parade and 
drill of both, joined also by Capt. Rockwood's company, of 
Leominster, which had marched up from that town to show us 
their skill in drilling and for the purpose of getting into 
" marching trim." All three of these companies were ready and 
anxious to be called upon to join the " fray." But their 
time had not yet come. Patriotic, impetuous, brave hearted 
young men ; they feared the struggle would be ended and they 
might have no part in it. Would to God it might have been 
so. But alas ! it was destined that the war should go on, and 
before it ended room should be found for all who desired to 
enlist to do battle in the cause of their country and for freedom. 

The zeal of our citizens suggested various measures, not all of 
which were of practical value. 

One of these was that every soldier that we should send to 
the field should be armed with a revolver and a bowie-knife. 
Accordingly one hundred and fifty revolvers were purchased and 
brought into town for the. use of our two organized companies, 
and at the same time Messrs. Whitman and Miles with character- 
istic liberality, offered to manufacture the same number of 
hoivie-hiivcs. Suffice it to say, that before the troops were 
called upon to march, it was decided that neither of the above 
mentioned articles vrould be much needed for ornament or use. 
The revolvers were sold to go to a Western State which beheved 
in " arming to the teeth," and the lowie-knives, we hope, were 
put to some good use. Meantime, preparations went forward, for 
it was felt that our " boj^s" would soon be called upon to march. 



12 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

The ladies took hold of the sad but patriotic work and held 
meetings at the armories of the soldiers to prepare bandages, 
clothing, &c. At these meetings might be seen the soldiers with 
their female friends together winding the bandage or scraping 
the hnt that might ere long be used to bind up their own 
wounds. Sad thoughts ! but far from deterring any man they 
only served to fix more firmly the determination to do their 
whole duty at whatever cost. 

On Saturday, May 4th, the adjourned town meeting was 
held, at which the committee on retrenchment recommended a 
reduction of five thousand dollars in the town appropriations 
for the current year, which recommendation Avas adopted — 
two thousand dollars being taken from the schools, two thousand 
from highways, and the balance from the pubhc library and other 
departments of town expenses. Every one deplored the reduction 
of the amount appropriated for schools, and many thought the 
necessity for it did not exist, but the general feeling at the 
time was that the war would completely paralyze business, that 
great distress would follow, that the raising of money necessary 
for carrying on the war Avould bear very heavily upon all, 
and wliile great liberality should be practised in granting money 
for war expenses, the most rigid economy should be observed 
in all other directions, even though the cause of Education should 
in the mean time suffer. But it may be proper to add in 
this connection that through all the other years of the war 
our schools at least were sustained with the accustomed liberality 
of our people. 

At the town meeting of the 4th of JMay, the chairman of 
the committee having in charge the ten thousand dollar appropri- 
ation read a note signed by the various physicians of the town 
offering their professional services gratis, to all famihes of soldiers 
engaged in suppressing the rebellion, Avhich we believe they 
continued to do until the war had closed. The following is a 
copy : 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 13 

" To the Military Edief Committee ; Gentlemen ; 

Tlio uiulersigtiod, Physieiaus of Fitclibuvg, members of tlie Massa. 
chusetts Medical Society, through you, hereby tender gratuitous 
professional services, when desired, to the families of the soldiers of 
this town, while engaged in the war to defend the Government of the 
United States against the present Southern Kebellion. 

Thomas R. Boutelle, 
*^ Jonas A. Marshall, 

Alfked Hitchcock, 
James R. Wellman, 
George Jewett, 
George D. Colony. 

''Fitchburg, May 1st, 18G1." 

Thursday, ^lay 16th, was a great day with us. The 
High School and the Day Street Schools had procured flags 
which were thrown to the breeze amid the booming of cannon, 
music, and speeches by several of the young men of the schools, 
tho teachers, and other citizens. The two mihtary companies 
paraded on the occasion and united in the ceremonies. The 
same evening "witnessed an interesting scene at the Town Hall ; 
the presentation to the Fusihers and Guards of tw^o beautiful 
sUk flags which the ladies had procured at an expense of 
eighty dollars. 

The Hall was densely crowded, Hon. J. W. jSIansur presided 
and opened the meeting, in Avell chosen remarks defining our 
duties as citizens in the present crisis. At the conclusion of 
his remarks Miss Emily Twichell stepped forward with one of 
the flags, and addressing Capt. Kimball of the FusiUers, 
presented it to his company, expressing the hope that they 
might never be called upon to bear it to the field ; but if 
otherwise, that they would stand by it to the last. Capt. 
Kimball responded elofjuently on accepting the flag in behalf of 
his command. He caused his men to swear that it should 
7\('ver trail in the dust while a single arm was left to uphold 
it. He spoke of the scenes through which the banner of the 
Republic had been borne in times past : of the Revolution ; 



14 FiTciiLrnc- ix the iie::ellion. 

and of tlic victories and defeats of that and subsequent wars. 
" Emblem of liberty ; if struck down now, the hope of men for 
free •rovernmcnt would bo forever extinguished." 

Miss Eliza Traslc then, in a clear voice and appropriate 
language, presented the other flag to Capt. Edwin Upton, who 
received it in behalf of his command with a few appropriate 
remarks. 

We now propose to give a history of the recruitment and 
organization of each of the nine companies sent out from this 
town, taking them up in their regular order and following out 
the record of each in connection with the regiment to which 
it was attached. The circumstances attending the formation of 
each will be given — accounts of public meetings held for the 
purpose of stimvilating recruiting — amount of bounties offered, 
and paid, if any. The original roll of each company will be 
given which Avill contain the names of all belonging to the 
same, whether residents of Fitchburg or not. 

Also, the ceremonies and parades attending their departure 
for camp where any occurred. We commence with Capt. 
James Savage's company, of the Second Regiment. 



HISTORY OF THE SECOND REGIMENT. - 

The first company actually raised and accepted from this 
town vmder the call of the President for three years troops, 
was recruited by Capt. James Savnge Jr., -who opened his 
office about the 1st of May, and recruited his cojnpany in 
about a week. Capt. Savage was frt^ni Eoston, but -well km ^\n 
to many of our citizens. Educated at " Harvard," brought up 
amid all the luxuries wealth could afford, he was one of the 
first to respond to the call of our country. His record is a 
short but noble one. His company was attached to the Second 
Regiment. He was promoted to Major in June, 18G2, wounded 
at Cedar Mountain August 6th, and died in a Richmond prison 
on the 19th of September followmg. The following is a list of 
members of this company : 

KOLL OP COMPANY D, SECOND EEG'T MASS. VOLS. 
OFFICERS. 
Captain, JAMES SAVAGE, Jr., Boston. 
1st Lieut., William D. Skdgwick, Lenox. 

2d Lieut., IIexry L. Higgixsox, Boston. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFEICEES AND PRIVATES. 

SERGEANTS. Mouhon Ansol A., Fitcbburg. 

Parker Theodore K., Winchendon. Cobb Horatio S., Lee. 

Crocker Harry A., Winchendon. Palmer William, West Boylston. 

Cheney Harry A., Ashburnham. P^V Penjaniin P., Asliburnliam. 

Miller Adam, Lee. Tliompson Jctl. C, Marlboro'. 
Snow, George W., Nashua, N. 31. 

° MUSICIANS. 

CORPORALS. 

-, ^ ^ -, -^,. _, , iaylor James ii., \\'mclienaon. 

Newton George B West Boylston. j^^^i], ^Ivin C, Pitchburg. 
Kendall Charles W., Ashburnham. ° 

Thurston Thomas B., Pitchburg. wagoner. 

Maynard Prcderick, Wmcheudou. Webster George W., Bedford. 



16 



fitl'ubuik; in the ueijellion. 



PlllVATKS. 

Antlidiiy Weljlier F., Tyrinjvluim. 
Aldon George II., Templetou. 
Allen Cliavlos, Boston. 
Anderson John E., West Boylstou. 
Balcom Murou E., Marllioro'. 
Barry Patrick, Nortliainptou. 
Bartlett Anson B., Clinton. 
Beach Wm., West Boylstoa. 
Biekforil Walter, Gardner. 
Billings Alficd, Lnncnhnrg. 
Billino-s Amos, Lunenburo-. 
Bisbee Charles E., Fitchbnrg. 
Boston George H., Winchendon. 
Bliven Arthur, Lenox. 
Blunt William H., West Boylston. 
Brooks Albert E., Westminster. 
Bruce George A., Winchendon. 
Cahill John, Northanipton. 
Cassady William, Leominster. 
Chase Wm. P., West Boylston. 
Clapp Cyrus J., Ptindge, N. H , 
Clapp Samuel B , Gardner. 
Cleaves Charles, Dayton, Me. 
Cheney Gilbert A., Newton U. Falls. 
Childs Isaac, West Boylston. 
Cobb Horatio S., Lee. 
Colman Michael, Hinsdale. 
Colvin Frederick, West Boylston. 
Conant Alplionzo, Fairhaven, Ct. 
Curtis George S., Lunenburg. 
J)err John, Stockbridgc. 
Eager William 0., Westminster. 
Farewell Abel, Jr., East Boylston. 
Farewell Charles B., Nortld)ridge. 
Fielding Gersham W., Tyringham. 
Fitzgibbon James C, Ashby. 
Hadley Isaac C Winchendon. 
Harris William L., Shirley. 
Hay ward Horace P., Fitchl)urg. 
Heald Charles H., Ashburnhaui. 
Himes James P., Gardner. 



Ilulmes Theodore I) , Tyringham. 
Hosmer Geo. B. T., West Boylston. 
Houghton Albert, Leominster. 
Houghton Ivoscoe, Lee. 
Hyde Wm., West Boylston. 
Ingram Gilbert B., Tyringham. 
Kino- Ossian M., Fitchbur"-. 
King Wm. J., Tyringham. 
Kinsman Frederick, Fitchburg. 
Lakin J. C, Bennington, Vt. 
Lakin Crosby, Fitchburg. 
Laricler Thomas, Lunenburo;. 
Litchfield Charles D., Lunenburg, 
McCondjer Elijah, Fairhaven, Ct. 
Newton Winsor, West Boylston. 
Nason Edwin F., Fitchliurg. 
Nutting Allen A., Ashbuniham. 
Orne l)avid, J., Clinton. 
Palmer Wm , West Boylston. 
Partridge Henry J., Westminster. 
Parkhurst William, Springfield. 
Peterson John, Boston. 
I'ierce Henry , Fitchbnrg. 
Pierce Henry S., Winchendon. 
Phillips George 11. , Leominster. 
Phillips James M., 
Priest M. A., Marlboro'. 
Pollard Edwin R. Winchendon. 
Prcscott James M , West Boylston. 
liafFerty Thomas, Lee. 
Keed William H., East Boston. 
Shattuck Danforth, Pepperell. 
Sweet George H., Tyringham. 
Tarbox Charles, Fitcldjurg. 
Toombs Wm. D., West Boylston. 
Tichenor George, Tyringham. 
AVilcox Franklin, Westminster. 
Walker Charles C, Lunenljurg. 
Wt'therbee Joseph A., Westminster. 
Whyte Alfred A., West Boylston. 
Woodward Melvin A., Lee. 



It will be observed that most of the men were from other 
towns but it must be remembered tliat we already liad two 
full companies ready to go, and as the prospect Avas now good 
that they would be accepted, the yovmg men wli-) had enlisted 
in them did not feel like leaving to join Capt. Savage. 

But his company though not mainly of our own citizens, 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 17 

still went out from us and was known as the " Fitcliburg 
Company" and as such, we propose to give its record here. 

The fortunes of the Second Regiment were the fortunes of 
this company, and we give in brief its liistory. This regiment 
was mustered into the United States service May 11th, 1861, 
and left the State July Sth, and at once joined the command 
of Maj. Gen. Patterson on the upper Potomac, and remained 
in that neighborhood engaged in picket duty until about the 
1st of March, 1862. It led the column of Gen. Banks up 
the valley of the Shenandoah, was engaged at Front Royal, 
and participated in the celebrated " retreat of Gen. Banks," 
and sustained a loss of seventeen killed, forty-seven wounded, 
eighty-four missing. On the 6th of August occurred the disas- 
trous battle of Cedar Mountain. This regiment was in the 
thickest of the fight ; at one time being alone, nearly surrounded 
by rebel troops, but after pouring a terrible volley into the 
enemy, succeeded in retreating in good order. The loss of 
the regiment in this action was five officers killed, six wounded, 
three taken prisoners, among the latter Major Savage who died 
in the enemy's hands. About half the non-commissioned officers 
were killed or wounded, and one-third of all the privates. Total, 
thirty-four killed, one hundred twenty wounded, thirty-one missing. 

During the retreat down the valley this regiment was engaged 
in a midnight encounter with the enemy in which four companies 
only were engaged, but which made so obstinate a resistance 
that three rebel regiments were brought up one after another, 
before they gave way. We give below an account of the aifair 
written by Col. Quincy, supported by " rebel " testimony, 

" THE SECOND MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nkw Orleans, July 1, 1866. 
To the Editors of the Boston Daily Advertiser: — 

To the survivors of the old regiment wlio were present at its first 
' baptism of fire ' in the midnight skirmish of Bartonsville, where as 
rear guard, it covered Banks's retreating column, the following account 
3 



18 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

of the affair in Daur.ey's ' Life of Stonewall Jackson,' page 375, 
will be of interest : — 

' But as it (the column) approached Barton's Mills, five miles from 
Winchester, the enemy, posted on both sides of the road, again 
received it with so severe a fire that the cavalry advance retired 
precipitately out of it, carrying the General and his attendants along 
with them, and riding down several canfioueers who had been brought 
up to their support. So pertinacious was the stand of the Federalists 
here that the 27th, 2d and 5th Virginia Regiments were brought up, 
and the affair grew to the dimensions of a night combat before they 
gave way.' 

The ' Federalists ' cno-agcd as above described, consisted of four 
companies of the Second Massachusetts, deployed as skirmishers on 
either side of the pike, the rear of the battalion being in column by 
platoon in the road. The skirmi.sh line was connnanded by our brave 
and lamented Maj. Wilder Bwight. The com.pany most hotly engaged, 
and whoso losses were heaviest, was Company I, commanded by Cap- 
tain, since Brevet Major-General Adin B. Underwood. The regiment 
was unsupported by any other troops. Its friends cannot but be satis- 
fied with the enemy's account of tliis its first achievement under fire. 
— three confederate regiments being brought against our skirmish line 
of four companies, and the affair growing to the dimensions of a night 
combat, before the well remembered ' cease firing' and ' retreat,' at last 
rang out from Major Dwight's bugler and was repeated in varying cadence 
along the line. 

Whether the ' Federalists ' would have received so much credit for 

their "pertinacity," had the historian known who they were, may be 

a question. A few pages further on. General Banks is depicted as 

deserting his army long before the conclusion of the next day's battle. 

Should it be desired, however, to specify in the nezt edition the 

particular body of ' Federalists ' by whom Jackson's colunni was 

checked at Bartonsville, the facts here stated may be relied on as the 

truth of history. 

S. M. Q." 

From this time until the ITtli of September, the Regiment 
had the usual experience of marching and countermarching, and 
performing picket dutj. September 17th, 1862, occurred the 
battle of Antietam. In this action the Regiment sustained itself 
most gallantly, and captured a flag from the enemy. Their loss 
was thirteen killed, iifty-four wounded, two missing. The accom- • 
plished Lieut. Col. Wilder Dwight was mortally wounded in 



FITniBURG IN THE REBELLION. 19 

this engagement. After this battle the Regiment was assigned 
to ficket duty on the Potomac where it remained until nearly 
the close of the year, when it was marched to Fairfax Court 
House, in which vicinity it remained in vrinter quarters until 
April 27th, 18G3, when the whole army broke camp and started 
on the Chancellorsville campaign. May Sd, 18G3, occurred the 
disastrous battle of Chancellorsville, in Avhicli the Regiment was 
hotly engaged for one hour and a half, and suffered a loss of 
five oiScers and one hundred twenty-three enlisted men in killed 
and wounded. On the 9tl> of June the Regiment was engaged 
in an a,ttack on Stuart's cavalry at " Bearly Ford" which was 
driven back with small loss to our army, the Second losing but 
one killed and two wounded. On the 2d and 3d of July, 
1863, the Regiment Avas engaged at Gettysburg and its record 
there was a most honorable one. We copy from the Official 
Report : 

"At about seven o'clock A. M, July Sd, orders vv^ere given to the 
Second Eegimcnt and one otlier regiment to advance across the open 
meadow and take the enemy's posidcii. It seemed certain destruction, 
but such were orders, and Lieut. Col. Mudge gave the commands — 
' llise up, over the breastworks double quick.' With a cheer, with 
bayonets unfixed, without firing a shot, the line advanced as rapidly 
as the swam.py ground would allow. Col. Mudge fell dead in the 
open field as en foot and ,'word in Land, be was chceiing on the men. 
Three color-bearers were shot in going two hundred yards — but the 
colors kept en — into the enemy's line, ever the breastwork, and the 
Regiment liolds tlie old line. But from behind every tree and rock 
the rebel fire is poured in. Another color-bearer is shot dead waving 
the colors. The regiment on the right falls back in disorder. Ten 
of the ofEcers of the Second aie killed or wounded, and a regimiCnt of 
tlie enemy is Canking it. Major Moite gives the order to fall back 
just in time to prevent it from being surrounded. Slowly and sullenly 
it retires to the otlicr side of the meadow, and taking position behind 
a ruined stone wall, opens fire on the enemy wherever tliey show 
themselves. In that advance of four hundred yards, and in twenty 
minutes time, the Regiment had lost out of twenty-two officers and 
two hundred ninety-four men, cue hundred thirty-four killed and 
wounded.'' 



20 FITCHBUKG IX THE REBELLION. 

Immediately after the battle this Regiment joined in the pursuit 
of the retreating enemy which (as is well known,) was without 
important result. 

After considerable marcliing and countermarching, with an 
occasional skirmish, until the 27tli of September, it took passage 
in the cars from Bealton Station for the Vfest to re-enforce 
Gen. Rosecrans. It arrived at Stevenson, Alabama, October 4th, 
having travelled one thousand one hundred seventy-eight miles 
by rail, and finally settled down at Elk River Bridge, Tennessee, 
where it remained until the end of the year. 

The marches of the Regiment during this year were eighty- 
one in number, making eight hundred sixty-five miles, and its 
travel by railroad and steamboat one thousand three hundred 
ten miles. Its losses during the year were two hundred ninety- 
eight killed, wounded, and prisoners. 

During the last few days of December, 18G3, a portion of the 
Regiment numbering one hmidred fifty-five re-enhsted, and on 
the 10th of January, 1864, left for Boston on a furlough of 
thirty days. On the 2 2d of February, it started on its retmn 
and joined its corps in Tennessee, March 1st. Active operations 
were at once resumed and from this time until September 2d, 
the " campaign of Atlanta" was carried on, in which the Regi- 
ment took a prominent part, engaging in several battles and 
skirmishes, and suffering a loss of forty-sLx in killed and wounded. 
From September 2d, to November 16th, the Regiment remamed 
on provost duty at Atlanta, and at the end of that time 
commenced " Sherman's grand march to the sea." Space will 
not allow us to give a detailed account of this great campaign. 
This march of three hundred miles through the enemy's country 
without a base or line of supphes, will ever be a grand historic 
event. It resulted in the fall of Savannah and the virtual 
miion of Grant's and Sherman's forces. The troops had only 
half rations of coffee, sugar, and salt, and one-sixth rations of 
bread — making up the deficiency from the sweet potatoes, corn 



FITCHBURO IX THE REBELLION. 21 

meal, becf-cattlc, sheep, poultry, and other provisions of the 
country, of Avhicli there was an abundance. The losses of the 
Regiment in the campaign vv'ero nine prisoners and three 
wounded. 

The Regiment arrived near Savannah, December 22d, and 
remained there until January ITth, 1865, at which time the 
march into South Carolina commenced. From this time until 
the 24th of March, when the army reached Goldsboro', N. C.^ 
the Regiment was almost daily on the march, and during the 
time engaged in some fighting, losing about thirty in killed 
and wounded. 

Here a few days rest was obtained, when the march was 
again resumed (April 9th,) for Raleigh, which place was 
reached on the 13th, and about which time hostilities ceased. 
On the 30th the march to Washington was commenced, and 
on the 19th of May Alexandria was reached. 

It took part in the grand review of the whole army May 
24th, after which it performed provost duty in the vicinity of 
Washington until July 14th, 1885, when it was mustered out 
of the service and started for Boston, and had a fine reception 
in New York as it passed through the city. On the 26th 
the Regiment was finally discharged ha\ing seen a service of 
four years, two months and fifteen days. 

Such in brief, is the history of one of our earliest and best 
regiments. Its record is indeed a brilliant one. 



THE FUSILIERS AND THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

On the 11 til of May the Fusiliers voted to volunteer for the 
war. Posters were issued for recruits to fill up the company to 
the m?.ximum. The " Guards" also commenced filling up for the 
same purpose and it was hoped that the old Ninth Regiment 
might be filled up and accejDted as the old Ninth. But for some 
reason unknov,Ti, its claims were ignored at " Head Quarters" and 
a regiment of foreigners recruited in Boston and vicinity, was 
assigned its number. In the meantime other regiments were 
being organized, and at last the Fusiliers were ordered into camp 
at Worcester and assigned to the Fifteenth Regiment. This 
Company left us on the 2Sth of June and their departure was 
made the occa^slon of quite a demonstration. The company turned 
out at about ten o'clock A. M. They were escorted by a large 
company of " old Fusiliers" composed of men from forty to sixty, 
who had served in its ranks in " bye gone days," being officered 
for the occasion as follows: 

Captabi, JoxAS A Massiiall. 
Lieutenant, Ivers Phillips. 
Ensign, Alfred R. Ordway. 
Orchrly Sergeant, Alfred White. 

These " veterans" presented a very creditable appearance, being 
accompanied by a portion of the " old Fitchburg Brass Band" 
composed of the following: Jonathan Farnsworth, Cyrus Thurston, 
Ebenozer Thurston, Jeremiah Kinsman, Charles Derby, J. K. 
Gibson, the first three of whom paraded with the company at its 
first appearance forty-five years before. One of these who com- 
monly \vas obliged to vralk vfith one cane and sometimes with two, 
was so inspired by the influence of the occasion that he threw 
away his staff and marched erect and vigorous as of old. 
Following these was a " Second Edition" of the Fusiliers composed 



PITCnBrRO IN TUE KEBELLIOX. 23 

of younger men, who had more recently served in the ranks, and 
who, from various causes were prevented joining their old comrades 
for service in the field. These were commanded by Captain E. 
T. Miles and wore the uniform of the old Fusiliers and escorted 
the company to camp at Worcester. 

After a short march the procession entered the Tov.'n Hall at 
lOi- o'clock A. M., where a large number of their fiiends and 
fellow citizens had met to say " good bye." Remarks were made 
by Hon. Alvah Crocker and others. Captain JMarshall of the 
ancient Fusiliers addressd the company who were about to leave 
for the seat of war, counselhng them to do their whole duty in 
every emergency, and to sustain the honor of the " old Fusiliers" 
and their native town wherever duty called them. Captain Kimball 
in behalf of his command responded eloquently. Each member of 
the company Avas then presented v.ith a New Testament from the 
clergymen of the town and the following note was rea<l. 

" To Captain J. W. Kimhall and command: 

Gents: The undersigned feeling a deep iuteredt in yuu, us a portion 
of that mighty host now being marshaled into the greatest conflict of our 
age, (that between liberty and despotism) tender to you all our warmest 
sympathy, and offer for your highest welfare our earnest prayers ; and 
we ask each of you to accept from us as a token of our friendship for 
you personally a copy of the New Testament. It is of small pecuniary 
value, but priceless in its permanent worth. It will occupy but a small 
place in your knapsack, but may it fill with its principles of love to 
God and man, the widest, warmest chambers of your hearts, and mould 
all your activities to its own ideal of Chi-istian manhood. May its divine 
light shine upon your path ; and amidst all the possible scenes before 
you, in health and in sickness, in rest and in conflict, in life and death, 
may its peace be your's througli the noble Captain of our Salvation, the 
Lord Jesus Christ. 

(Signed) Elnathan Davis, 

William P. Tilden, 
Kendall Brooks, 
Alfred Emerson, 
Henry M. Loud, 
Andrew J. Weaver." 

The soldiers were then vaccinatad gratuitously by Lrs. Hitchcock 

and Jewett. 



24 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLIOX. 

Prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Emerson, after which the 
company was escorted to the Fitchburg Hotel to partake of a 
dinner pronded for them by the citizens, subGeciuent to which the 
procession was again formed and marched to the Worcester R. R. 
Djpot followed by an imm3nse crowd of citizens. Here many 
affecting scenes took place — the tender parting of the soldiers with 
their friends, (alas! to how many the last on earth) — the affec- 
tionate heartfelt God speed of many of the comrades of the 
soldiers, sad even to tears some of them, that they could not join 
them — the final starting of the train amid the hearty huzzas of 
the multitude, made the occasion one long to be remembered. 

Before the departure Captain Kimball in a few earnest words 
consigned to the care of that portion of the company remaining at 
home the flag presented to his command a short time previous by 
the ladies of Fitchburg. As the train moved slowly away the 
Band played sadly and slowly the old familiar air of " Auld Lang 
Syne." And so left us our fii-st company of Fitchburg men for the war. 

Oh, ye who Avitnessed that scene, and had no son, no brother, 
no husband or father there, did you then understand the full force 
of its meaning? Did it then occur to any of us that this noble 
company of young men, the pride of our hearts and homes, were 
leaving us for three long years of hardship and suffcrmg, and that 
ere their return should see thirty-three of their number killed or 
dead from disease contracted in the service, while two-thirds of 
the remainder should have been wounded, many maimed for Ufe ? 
Such was the tale, and such is war; cruel, heartless war. 

Below is given the list of members of the company. 

COM^IISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Ccqnain, J. W. KIMB2VLL, Fitchburg. 
1st Lieut., CLAr.K S. Simonds, Fitchburg. 

2c? Lieut., J. Myhon Goddard, Fitcliburr^. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PEIVATES. 
SERGEANTS. j^j^y Jamcs, Fitchburg. 

Eager C. H., Fitchburg. Murkland John, Fitchburg. 

Spconer Ilonry A., Fitcliburg. Rich Harrison, Fitcliburg. 



FITCHBUIia IN THE REBELLION. 



25 



CORPORALS. 

Taylor Geo. C, Fitcliburg. 
Monroe Chas. D., Fitcliburg. 
Sibley Fred. H., Fitcliburg. 
Hildretli Francis A., Fitchburg. 
Brown Cyrus, Fitchburg. 
Fisher Andrew, Winehendon. 
Hunkings Harrison M., Fitchburg. 
Daniels Geo. T., Fitchburg. 

MUSICIANS. 

Harwood Geo. A., Fitchburg. 
Pierce Daniel II , Fitchburg. 

•WAGONER. 

Scott Abraham, Winehendon. 

PRIVATES. 

Adams Georo;e, Fitchburo;. 
Bruce Abel Jr., Fitchburg. 
Brown Frank A., Fitchburg. 
Benjamin Geo. F., Westminster. 
Bailey Win. E., Winehendon. 
Boss Geo. L., Fitchburg. 
Britton Fred. H., Fitchburg. 
Bonney Daniel, Sterling. 
Bruce Kobcrt, Winehendon. 
Beaudry, Anable, Winehendon. 
Bowen Roland E,, Millbury. 
Cunningham Geo. H., Fitchburg. 
Church Alfred B., Woonsocket. 
Carpenter Daniel, Fitchburg. 
Carpenter George, Cambridge port. 
Clark Benj. F., Fitchburg. 
Chase Edwin, Winehendon. 
Campbell John, Fitchburg. 
Carpenter Henry M., Southbridge. 
Eames Walter A., Fitchburg. 
Elliott Robert J., Ashburnham. 
Eaton Calvin J., Worcester. 
Farnum John R., Fitchburg. 
Farmer Chas. H., Fitchburg. 
Fletcher Philander H., Fitchburg. 
Gilchrist Geo. S., Fitchburg. 
Gibson Artemas H., Fitchburg. 
Gibson Wm., Fitchburg. 
Griswold Wm. T., Fitchburg. 
Griswold Chas. E., Fitchburg. 
Harwood Kilburn, Fitchburg. 
Hosmer Granville, Fitchburg. 
Hosnier Henry J., Fitchburg. 
Hosmer Joel K., Fitchliurg. 
Houghton Joseph R., Westminster. 
4 



Howard N. Porter, Westminster. 
Hartwell Rollins E., Winehendon. 
Holman Wm. H., Winehendon. 
Johnson Marcus R., Bradford. 
Joslin Henry L., Fitchburg. 
Kendall Edward S., Westminster. 
Kendall Chas. W,, Winehendon. 
Kendall Oscar A., Winehendon. 
Lowell Henry C, Winehendon. 
Litchfield Albert, Fitchburg. 
Lawrence Amos W., Fitchburg. 
Loud Francis H., Winehendon. 
Marshall Joseph A., Fitchburg. 
Morse John E., Fitchburg. 
Moody Jos. L., Fitchburg. 
Matthews Jos. B., Winehendon. 
Marshall Frank S., Fitchburg. 
Maynard Winthrop, Winehendon, 
Nichols Lyman, Westminster. 
Nichols Frederic, Westminster. 
Nichols Francis, Westminster. 
Osborne Ai D., Fitchburg. 
Pope Horace T., Fitchburg. 
Pope Chas. F., Winehendon. 
Phillips Geo. W., Fitchburg. 
Pratt Joel, Fitchburg. 
Plaistead Amos C, Fitchburg. 
Prichard John H., Fitchburg. 
Ring John R., Fitchburg. 
Riley Andrew, Winehendon. 
Simouds George B., Fitchburg. 
Siraouds Altan A., Fitchburg. 
Sheldon Henry L., Fitchburg. 
Scott Frank, Fitchburg. 
Scott D. Walter, Winehendon. 
Scott Elijah M., Winehendon. 
Stewart Frederic C, Winehendon. 
SafFord Stillman, Winehendon. 
Stevens Charles A., Winehendon. 
Stone Luman W., Fitchburg. 
Taylor Thos. P., Fitchburg. 
Taylor Wm. E., Winehendon. 
Whittemore Henry F., Fitchburg. 
Wetherbee Orlando, Fitchlmrg. 
White Lowell C, Westminster. 
Walker John K., Ashburnham. 
Wyman Horace H., Winehendon. 
Whitcomb Gilnian W., Princeton. 

JOINED AFTER REg't LEFT MASS. 

Bliss David, New Salem. 

Bruce Napoleon B., Winehendon. 

Davis Samson, Ashby. 



26 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Edgell Stillman W., Fitchburg. IMarsli John, Fitcliburg. 

Fisher Seth 11., Winchendon. Mclntire Herliert D., Fitchburg. 

Flagg Augustus, Royalston. Newton Silas M., Royalston. 

Gibson Lemuel W., Fitchburg. Wheeler Chas. A., Fitchburg. 

Leach Flavel, Royalston. Whitcomb Benjamin, Winchendon. 

This Company was at once incorporated into the Fifteenth 
Regiment. Capt. Kimball was promoted to Major, and Lieut. 
Simonds to Captain, before leaving the State. 

This Regiment was mustered mto the United States service 
July 12th, 1861, under the command of Col. Charles Devens, Jr., 
and left the State for Washington August 8th following, where it 
arrived August 11th. August 15tli it was ordered to march 
to Poolesville, Md., distance thirty-five miles, and arrived there 
August 27th. It became a part of the " Corps of Observation," 
under command of Gen. Charles P. Stone. The Regiment was 
occupied with camp and picket duty until October 21st, 1861, 
when occurred the unfortunate affair at Ball's Bluff. The events 
of that disastrous day are familiar to all ; the morning attack, the 
obstinate resistance of our troops to superior forces from morning 
till night ; the retreat to the river, the lack of facihties for crossing, 
the scenes of murder and drowning in the dark waters of the 
Potomac. Sufiice iif to say that the Fifteenth Regiment sus- 
tained itself nobly in this its first trial under fire, but lost most 
heavily. Of the six hundred and twenty-five men of the Regiment 
who crossed the river in the morning, but three hundred and thir- 
teen returned uninjured at night. The loss was twenty-six killed? 
sixty-six wounded, and two hundred and twenty-four missing, mostly 
taken prisoners. 

The Regiment remained at Pooles\dlle until Feb. 25th, 1862, 
when it marched for Harper's Ferry, reaching there the 26th. 
Remained in this vicinity until March 22d, when the Regiment 
started to join the Army of McClellan, on the Peninsula, arriving 
at Hampton April 1st. Soon after this Col. Devens was promo- 
ted to Brigadier General, and the command of the Regiment was 
at once assumed by Lieut. Col. Kimball, Col. Ward being absent 



FITCIIBURCx IN THE REBELLION. 27 

from tlie Regiment on account of wounds received at Ball's Bluff. 
Under Lieut. Col. Kimball's command, tlie Regiment took an 
active part in tlie siege of Yorktown and the various battles 
fought during the -occupation of the Peninsula by McClellan, be- 
ing actively engaged at the battles of " Fair Oaks," " Savage 
Station," and "Nelson's Farm;" we give below the 

OFFICIAL REPORT OF COL. KIMBALL AT FAIR OAKS. 

" Headquarters Fifteenth Mass. Vol's. 
Li Camp at Fair Oaks, Va., June Sd, 1862. 
Capt. Daniel Hebard, A. A. G. : 

I have the lienor to report that on Saturday, the 31st ult., 
I received orders for my regiment to be ready to march at a moment's 
notice, and in light marching order. At three o'clock I left camp and 
took my position in brigade line, which was the extreme left of said line. 
At this time and for an hour pre\'ious, very heavy firing was heard on 
the south side of tlie Cbickahominy creek. The brigade was immediately 
put in march, and we crossed the stream at the Corduroy bridge, and 
found the plain upon the south side partially overflowed, and we were 
obliged to wade through it, the water in some places coming up to the 
waists of the men ; but they rushed through without hesitation, cheering 
as they went. The roads wore very heavy from the recent rains, but 
the men pressed forward with alacrity, and a portion of the way at 
' double quick' time, and I arrived on the field at about five o'clock, 
bringing in all my men. I immediately formed in line of battle in the 
rear of the 82d New ^^York volunteers. I had scarcely given the 
order to rest when a sharp fire of musketry commenced upon Kirby's 
battery stationed a short distance to my right. I was ordered to go to 
the support of that battery, thereby reheving the 6th Massachusetts, Col. 
Russell. I immediately formed in line of battle in the rear of the battery, 
and remained in that position some time. My men stood up manfully 
to the work and three several times rushed forward and helped work 
the guns, by extricating them from the mud into which they settled at 
each discharge. At this time, after the fire had slackened somewhat, I 
was ordered to move by the left flank and to come into the rear of the 
82d New York volunteers, and then to move forward at 'double 
quick' passing their line to the front, and to occupy and hold the 
wood from which^^the enemy were being driven. My orders were promptly 
obeyed, the men charging bayonets into the woods with a terrible yell. 



28 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

I established my line by your command near the edge of the wood, throwing 
out pickets to the front. Tlie men rested upon their arms until morning 
without sleep, ready and anxious to renew the conflict at daybreak, if 
necessary. 

I desiie to remark that my regiment behaved with great coolness and 
bravery during the entu-e action, obeying my orders as promptly as at 
dress parade. There was no cue officer or private that showed any signs 
of trepidation or fear, but instead, a fixed determination of all that their 
bayonets should drink deep of rebel blood before they should take the 
battery, which they attempted to do three several times but were repulsed 
each time with great loss. As to the behavior of my command during 
this portion of the engagement I would respectfully refer you to Lieut. 
Kirby commanding the battery. It gives me great pleasure to speak 
approvingly of the conduct of Major Philbriek, who had just assumed the 
duties of that position, showing conclusively that our confidence in him 
had not been misjilaced ; also of my entire staff. Surgeons Bates and 
Haven were indefatigable in their attendance upon the wounded. Chaplain 
Scandlin labored incessantly bringing the wounded from the field, often 
exposing himself to imminent danger by so doing. Too much praise cannot 
be awarded to Adjutant Baldwin, who got up from a sick bed against ray 
.express wishes, to render me what service he could. He was scarcely 
.able to sit upon his horse, but he remained with me during the entire 
battle, conveying my orders with great promptness and precision. 

When all did their duty so well, it would be manifestly unjust to 
particularize any one or more of the line officers for individual notice, and 
I will therefore say that their behavior, without exception, during this 
engagement, meets with my entire approbation and approval. I have the 
honor to remain, 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JOHN W. KIMBALL, Lieut. Col. Commanding." 

In this connection we give below a copy of a ^private letter 
from Gen. Gorman to Gov. Andrew, complimentary to the Fifteenth, 
which will be read with interest and pride. We are not aware 
that it has ever before been pubhshed. It is more valuable because 
the spontaneous tribute of an officer of large experience, and who 
knew whereof he affirmed. He commanded the Brigade of which 
the Fifteenth was a part. 



FlTClIBUUa IN THE REBELLION. 29 

"Headquarters Gorman's Brigade, 
Fair Oaks, near Richmond, Va., June loth, 18G2. 

His Excellency John A. Andreav, 

Sir : Now tbat the smoke of the battle-fiykl lias cloarecl away, I 
cannot forbear taking the opportunity to testify to tlio gallant, soldierly 
conduct of the Fifteenth E,egiment of your troops iu our late contest — 
the bloodiest of the war. It was their fortune to be participants in a 
real, not imaginary bayonet charge made upon the most intrepid and 
daring of the rebel fcjrces, at a critical moment for our cause. Most 
nobly and gallantly did they honor themselves and their gallant State, 
and most proudly may she feel over them. With such troops in the 
field we are invincible, and the result of this contest with an unholy 
rebellion cannot be doubtful. I ask, sir, in conclusion, that the history 
of the Fifteenth Mass. Volunteers may be made part of the history of 
the State, as associated with one of the most brilliant exjjloits of the war, 
which the oflBcial reports will soon disclose to your Excellency, to which 
I refer with pride and satisfaction. 

I have the honor to be your Excellency's obedient servant, 

W. A. GORMAN, Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. Com'g." 

On the 22nd of Avigust the Regiment ari-ived at " Newport 
News" and took passage for Alexandria, where it arrived August 
28th. Left the next day for Chain Bridge, and from there marched 
to Centreville in time to cover the retrograde movement of the 
army from the " Second Bull Rmi" towards Washington. Nothmg 
of great importance occurred to the Regiment until the 17th of 
September, 1862, when was fought the memorable battle of 
Antietam. We quote from Lieut. Colonel Kimball's official account 
of the fight. 

" On the morning of September 17th the great battle of Antietam 
commenced, and at nine o'clock General Sumner's corps was ordered to 
the front to follow up the success already achieved by the troops under 
General Hooker. It has been the subject of much remark that troops 
never went into battle more cheerfully than did ours that morning, so 
confident were all that the shattered enemy would bo driveu ere night 
across the river. At half past ten o'clock, the Fifteenth in the front line 
of the Division became engaged, and for twenty minutes sustained a 
terrific fire from the enemy, at the expiration of which time the disheart- 
ening order to fall back was given. We have neither time, space, or 
heart to record in detail the disasters to the Fifteenth on that day. Ifc 



?)0 FITCIIirRd IX THE nE?,ELLION. 

was repulsed in common with oil other regimen's rttp.ehccl to our Division, 
In the history of our State we claim to be mentioned as having fouglit 
a good fight ; as an evidence of which we ayk only that the list of 
casualties occurring in the P.cgiment that d:>y may always he coupled 
with the report of tlic commanding officer. The record stands thus : 
Twcn'y-fuur officers and five hundred eighty-two enlisted men went into 
tlie fight; five officers were killed, six ware wounded (one mortally,) 
sixty enlisted men left dead on the field, two hundred forty-eight wounded, 
twenty-four missing — total, three hundred forty-three hilled, wounded and 
missing. The National and State coloi's, hardly to ho recognized as the 
same once so briglit and l)eautiful, were brought off in safety by liands 
other than those who had borne them into the fight, together with a 
battle flag of the enemy. 

Tlic enemy held in check by the artillery, did not follow up his success, 
but evacuated the position during the night, and the terrible battle-field 
fell into our hands the next morning." 

Our Company B lost hoavily iu this engagement, among them 
Captain Simonds who was instantly killed while conversing with 
Colonel Kimball after the battle was nearly over. 

The following is an extract from a letter of I^Iajor General 
Sedgwick, wdio commanded tlib Division of which the Fifteenth was 
a part at Antictam, to Go\\ Andrew. 

" I have already forwarded through the military channels a list of 
officers and soldiers who were disthiguished for gallantry and good conduct, 
recommending them for promotion, and I would again commend to your 
Excellency Colonel Lee of tlie Twentieth, Colonel Ilinks of the Nineteenth, 
Lieut. Colonel Kind»all of the Fifteenth, and Lieut. Colonel Palfrey of 
the Twentieth. Great credit is due these off.cers for the splendid condi- 
tion in which those regiments took the field. The Fifteenth and Nineteenth 
are in my opinion fidh/ ejual to any two in the serviced 

The following is Lieut. Colonel Kimball's ofTicIal report of the 
engagement : 

" Headquarters Fifteenth Peg't Mass. Vol's. 

Camp near Sharpshi(rg, Sept. 2'Cth, 18G2. 
Cai't. Daniel IIebard, A. A. G. : 

I have the honor to report that on Wednesday, the 17th 
inet., at seven o'clock A. M., I was ordered to hold my command in 
readiness to move at a moment's notice. At half past seven o'clock 
we took up our line of mai-ch, with five hundred eighty-two muskets, 



riTCIIBUllG IN THE REEELLION. 81 

including First Co. Andrew's Sharp Sliooters, Captain J. Saunders, 
attached to this command, being the third in the Brigade line. We 
moved in a direct lino towards the ground held Ly the forces under 
command of General Hooker, fording in the march x\ntiei;a.m creek. On 
reaching the field a line of battle was formed in which my command 
occupied the position of third regiment of the first line. We then 
moved forward in line of battle about a mile over the ground gained by 
General Hooker, passing fences, fields and obstacles of various description, 
eventually occupying a 2iieca of woods directly in front of wiiich and 
well covered by the nature of the ground, fields of grain, haystacks, 
buildings, and a thick orchard, were the enemy in strong force. At this 
time we were marching by the riglit oblique in order to close an interval 
between my command and that of Colonel Hudson, Eighty-Second New 
York Volunteers, and as we gained the summit of a slight elevation my 
left became hotly engaged with the enemy (covered as before mentioned) 
at a distance of not more than fifteen yards. A section of the enemy's 
artillery was planted upon a knoll immediately in front and not more 
than six hundred yards distant from my right wing. This v/as twice 
silenced and driven back by the fire of my right concentrated upon it. 
The engagement lasted between twenty and thirty minutes, my line 
remaining unbroken, the left wing advancing some ten yards under a most 
terrific fire of infantry. Meanwhile, the second line of the Division which 
liad been halted some thirty or forty yards in the rear advanced, until 
a portion of the Fifty-ninth Eeginient New York Volunteers, Colonel 
Sidball had closed upon and commenced firing through my left wing on 
the enemy. Many of my men were by this manoeuvre killed by our own 
forces, and my most strenuous exertions were of no avail cither in 
stopping this murderous fire or in causing the second line to advance to 
the front. At this juncture General Sumner came up and his attention 
was immediately called by myself to this terrible mistake. He immedi- 
ately rode to the right of the Fifty-ninth Regiment and ordered the 
firing to cease and tlic lino to retire, which order was executed with 
considerable confusion. Ihe enemy scon appeared in heavy columns 
advancing on my left and rear, pouring in a deadly cross fire on my left 
wing. I immediately and Avithout orders ordered my command to retire, 
having first noticed the same movement on the part of the second and 
third lines. We retired slowly and in good order, bringing off our colors 
and a battle flag captured from the enemy, re-forming by the order of 
General Gorman in a piece of woods some five hundred yards to the rear 
and under cover of our artillery. This position was held until I was 
ordered to support a battery planted upon the brow of a hill iunnediately 
in om- rear, the enemy having opened again with artillery. His fire 
being silenced, the position was held throughout the day. I dcsu'e to say 



32 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

tliat my entire regiment behaved most gallantly during tlie engagement, 
cvincinn- great coolness and bravery as my list of casualties will show. 
Although suffering terribly from the fire of the enemy, it was with great 
surprise that they received the order to retire, never entertaining for a 
moment any idea but that of complete success, although purchased at the 
cost of their lives. The order forbidding the carrying wounded men 
to the rear was obeyed to the very letter. Of my line ofiicers without 
exception, I cannot speak in too high praise. They were all at their 
posts bravely and manfully urging on their men and equally exposed 
with them; those wounded refusing all assistance, ordering their men to 
return to the rank and do their duty. I desire to call your particular 
attention to IMajor Philbrick and Adjutant Hooper. They were with me 
during the entire engagement in the thickest of the fight, receiving and 
executing my orders with great coolness and promptitude. 

I have the honor, Captain, to remain your most obedient servant, 

JOHN W. KIMBALL, Lieut. Col. Com'g Fifteenth Keg t." 

After the bottle of Antietam the Regiment was engaged in a 
campaign in the Shenandoah Valley until about December 1st ; 
was engaged at Fredericksburg, Dec 12tli 1862, and went into 
winter quarters at Falmouth about December 20th. Three 
hundred ninety-one recruits were received by this Regiment from 
the State during the year. Nothing of note occurred until the 
spring campaign under General Hooker. The first movement was 
made on the first of May, 1863, and from this time the Regiment 
was engaged in rcconnoissanccs and picket duty on the Rappa- 
hannock until the 25th of June, when the forced march commenced 
Avliich ended at Gettysburg. The march was a most trying one, 
but how these men stood up under it is best shown by the 
following order which was read to them June 27th. 

"Headquarters 2d Division, 2d Cokps, 
June 2Sdth, 1863. 
General Orders, No. 105. 

The Fifteenth and Nineteenth Mass. Volunteers for marching to-day 
in the best and most compact order, and with the least stragghng from 
their ranks, are excused from all picket duty and outside duty for four 
days. 

By command of 

BRIG. GEN'L GIBBON. 



FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 3S 

On the 2d, 3d and 4tli of July, 1863, the Regiment was hotly 
engaged at Gettysburg; that terrible battle which rolled back 
the rebel tide of invasion, and proved the turning point in the 
fortunes of the war. It was indeed our Waterloo, and to have 
been engaged in it and survived it, is an honor which any man 
may well be proud of, and death there, was better than many 
years of grovelling life. The record of the Fifteenth here is 
very brilliant, and we extract from the Official Report an ac- 
count of the second day's battle : 

" On Friday, July 3d, the rebels opened on our lines with a hundred 
pieces of artillery, at about one P. M. This terrific fire was continued for 
about two hours ; but, though the air seemed filled with fragments of burst- 
ing shells, but comparatively little damage was done. At three P. M., the 
rebel infantry moved to the assault. Our men sprang promptly to meet 
them, glad at a prospect of work — relieving them from their painful recum- 
bent position, which a boihug sun rendered the more intolerable. The contest 
lasted an hour or two, during which both armies showed a determination to 
hold its ground regardless of results. A slight wavering of the rebel Hne 
was detected, and, at the suggestion of Colonel Hall, commanding Third 
Brigade, the colors of the Fifteenth were ordered to advance, when the 
lemnant of the Regiment rallied promptly around them, and the whole line 
moved as if by one impulse, marched forward, and carried the position. 
The Regiment was sent out to picket the field; and at daylight on the 4tlj, 
skirmishing commenced and continued until the Regiment was reheved at 
eight o'clock. The Regiment went into action with eighteen oflScers and 
two hundred and twenty-one enlisted men. During the three days it lost 
three officers (Col. Ward, Capt. Murkland of Fitchburg, and Lieut. Jorgen- 
sen,) killed, eight officers wounded, nineteen inlisted men killed, eighty-five 
wounded, many of them mortally. Saturday, July 4th was spent upon 
the field." 

After this battle, the Regiment moved into Virginia, and was 
engaged m the neighborhood of the Rappahannock and Manas- 
sas, on picket duty, occasional reconnoisances and skirmishes with 
the enemy, until about the 1st of December, 1863, losing at va- 
rious times four officers and about thirty enlisted men in killed, 
wounded and prisoners. 
5 



34 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

Dec. 5th, the Regiment moved to Strasburg, Va., where it 
•went into winter quarters, and remained imtil the first of May, 1864. 

The Spring campaign of 1864 opened about the first of May. 
At that time the Fifteenth had present about three hundred of- 
ficers and men. In the battles of the Wilderness it lost about 
one-half this number in killed and wounded. The simple state- 
ment, that in all the marches and battles from the Rapidan to 
Petersburg in which the Second Corps was engaged, the Fif- 
teenth bore its part, is of itself sufficient history. 

On the 22d of June, the Regiment (dwindled down to five 
officers and seventy muskets') confronted the enemy near the Je- 
rusalem plank road before Petersburg. A break, or gap in the 
line of battle allowed the enemy to throw a large force on the 
flank and in rear of the Second Division, Second Corps. Hid- 
den from view by the dense undergrowth, the manoeuvre was not 
comprehended until too late. 

The first intimation of the position of affairs was a demand 
from the enemy to surrender. Taken by surprise, and over- 
whelmed by numbers, the remnant of the Regiment was captured 
almost entire. Four officers and sixty-five men were marched off 
prisoners of war ; one officer and five men escaped to tell the 
story. This officer being wounded the same day, the few re- 
maining, increased somewhat by the arrival of convalescents, were 
placed for a few days in another command, until officers and 
more men on their way from the hospitals should arrive. On 
the 12th of July, 1864, the Regiment was ordered to proceed 
to Worcester, Mass., to be mustered out of service, its term of 
three years having expired, and left immediately, arriving there 
July 21st, about one hundred and fifty strong. The Regiment 
had a splendid reception by the State and city authorities, and 
the remnant of our Co. B, (only about twenty men) were given 
a public reception the same evening at Fitchburg. 

During the year, but one officer of the Regiment was killed, 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 3^ 

Lieut. Simonds, of Fitchburg, who went out as a private in the 
Company. He was a brave soldier, and a pure man, and muoh 
esteemed and beloved by his comrades and all who knew him. 

This ends a brief narrative of the Fifteenth's three years ser- 
vice. To give in detail the varied experiences of this gallant 
Regiment through these weary years, would make a good sized 
history of itself. It may truthfully be said that no regiment has 
a prouder record; none will live longer in history. 



THE WASHINGTON GUARDS AND THE TWENTY-FIRST 

REGIMENT. 

The " Guards," although ready and anxious to go into the 
Fifteenth Regiment, mth the Fusiliers, for some reason were not 
permitted so to do. The Company was finally ordered into Camp 
at Worcester July 19th, 1861, and became a part of the Twen- 
ty-First Regiment. Their departure was the occasion for a pub- 
lic demonstration. The " Home Guards," Capt. J. B. Proctor, 
^' Home Fusiliers," Capt. E. T. Miles, and Engine Company 
No. 2 turned out for escort. A meeting was held at the Town 
Hall, at which prayer was offered in behalf of the departing sol- 
diers, by Rev. Mr. Trask, and addresses pertinent to the occa- 
jsion were made by various citizens. A nice dinner was served 
ihe soldiers at the American House. During the afternoon the 
Ashburnham and Templeton Companies arrived, also on their way 
to Camp at Worcester, when a grand parade of the three Com- 
panies took place through our principal streets, finally taking the 
cars for Worcester late in the afternoon. The occasion was a 
very enthusiastic one, and they left amid the wildest cheers, and 
with the blessings of the crowd assembled. 

So passed into the line of their country's defenders our second 
band of heroes. Their subsequent history, until the expiration of 
their term of service, is contained in the narrative of the Twen- 
ty-first Regiment, which we now proceed to give in brief. 

COMPANY D, TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain, THEODORE S. FOSTER, Fitchburg. 
1st Lieut. f Charles Barker, Fitchburg. 

2d Lieut.. Ebbn T. Haywabp. Fi^cb^'rgr. 



FITCHBURO IN THE REBELLION. 



37 



NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 



SERGEANTS. 

Beckwith Henry A., Fitchburg. 
Goodrich George E., Fitchburg. 
Whitney Julius D., Fitchburg. 
Cumraings Israel, Fitchburg. 
Hill George C, Shirley. 

CORPORALS. 

Skinner Orrin E. Fitchburg. 
Goodrich I. B., Fitchburg. 
Stewart Wilham M., Fitchburg. 
Jaquith Azro B., Fitchburg. 
"Whitney Charles M., Fitchburg. 
"Whitney, James D., Grafton. 
Brock Andrew M., Fitchburg. 
€rosby Charles C, "Waltham. 

MUSICIANS. 

"Whitcomb Charles A., Fitchburg. 
Lamb Levi L., Fitchburg. 

WAGONER. 

]yiiarcli Addison, Charlton. 

PRIVATES. 

Adams Ephraim, Fitchburg. 
Abbott Henry S., Fitchbui-g. 
Albee Seth, 

AldrichF. W., "Westmoreland, N. 
Atherton Galen P., Harvard. 
Bigelow Orlando, Wolcott, Vt. 
Battles Harrison "W., Fitchburg. 
Boynton, Wilham S., Fitchburg. 
Barker Horace R., Fitchburg. 
Bailey Alonzo A-, Wolcott, "Vt. 
Bigelow Frank W., Fitchburg. 
Bronson, James, Fitchburg. 
Carter Rufus H., Fitchburg. 
Childs George H., Greenfield. 
Davis Charles F., Bangor, Me. 
Delany Dennis, Fitchburg. 
Delany John, Fitchburg. 
Delharty James F., Templeton. 
Donahue Edward, Shirley. 
Doherty Thomas A., Worcester. 
Elmer Orin, Shirley. 
Eastman Amos S., Ashby. 
Fay Charles E., Fitchburg. 
Fiske Dwight G., Greenfield. 
JFlint Samuel W., Fitchburg. 



Grant Charles M , Northfield. 
Goodrich Charles E., Fitchburg. 
Gleason Amos W., Lunenburg. 
Green Charles T., Fitchburg. 
Dean Nathaniel C, Fitchburg. 
Graves, Wilham R., Lunenburg, 
Goodfellow Daniel W., Fitchburg. 
Horton Charles L., Southbridgc. 
Howe, Edward A., (irafton. 
Hodgman WilUam. Sliirley. 
Haskell Henry, Winchendon. 
Hardy George H., Harvard. 
Hastings Lewis T., Dcerfield. 
Ingerson "William W., Harvard. 
Jaquith Asa S., Fitchburg. 
Kempton Elias J., Fitchburg. 
Lamb Ansel H., Hartford, Conn. 
Lynaugh John, New Leland, Conn. 
Matthews George H., Winchendon. 
Marsh Alphonso, Fitchburg. 
Marsh Timothy S., Fitchburg. 
Marshall Joseph F., Fitchburg. 
Montjoy Chai-les F., Fitchburg. 
Murry James M., Worcester. 
Millett Henry B., Oakham. 
Montgomery James, Harvard. 
March Harry, Charlton. 
May Simeon, Fitchburg. 
-rr Nelson Henry 0., Wales. 
-"-• Newell John D„ Greenfield. 

Osborne P. E., Westmoreland, N. H. 

Owen Benjamin, Leominster. 

Prentice Henry 0., Grafton. 

Patch Henry J., Fitchburg. 

Parkhurst Emmons M., Fitchburg. 

Pratt Lewis G., Shelburne. 

Rugg Daniel W., Fitchburg. 

Rickett William J., Wales. 

Roth Gilbert, Wales. 

Stearns Albert C, Worcester. 

Smith George S., Lunenburg. 

Sands Harrington W., Shirley. 

SafFord Frank, Builingion, Vt. 

Swift John, Fitchburg. 

Tolraan Calvin E., Fitchburg. 

Wheelock Samuel, Fitchburg. 

Whitcomb George A., Fitchburg. 

Warren Thomas, Fitchljurg. ^ 

Warren Preston, Fitchburg. 

Warren Henry A., Fitchburg, 



88 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Weeks Frank W.. Northfield. Wri^^ht Walter S., Fitchburg. 

Warren John G , Harvard. Willis George, Stowe. 

Ward George, Brookfield. Waitt Erastus F., Deerfield. 

Williams Jonathan, Wales. Wood Charles, Sunderland. 

The Twenty-first Regiment left Worcester for the seat of war 
on the twenty-third of August, 1861, with full ranks, under Col. 
Augustus Morse. It was at once ordered to Annapolis, Md., to 
become a part of an Expedition fitting out by Gen. Bumside. 
From this time until about the first of January the Regiment was 
engaged in perfecting itself in disciphne and drill, the ordinary 
duties of the camp, and picketing the Annapolis railroad. The 
Regiment left with the Expedition to North Carolina, Jan. 6th, 
1862, under Lieut. Col. Maggi, Col. Morse remaining (ai his own 
request') at Annapolis, in command of that post. And it may bo 
proper to add in tliis connection, that Colonel Morse never again 
joined the Regiment, but was honorably discharged the followmg 
May. On the 8th of February, 1862, occurred the battle and 
victory at Roanoke Island, in which the Regiment was for the 
first time under fire, acquitting itself most nobly, capturing a 
battle flag from the rebels, and planting its own flag on the 
battery, the first Union flag inside the works. The loss of the 
Regiment in this battle was fifty-seven killed and wounded. No 
higher tribute to the gallantry of the Regiment in this action 
could be paid than the following letter, which explains itself, 

" Headquarters 21st Reg't M. V., 
Camp Bdrnside, Dep't N. C. 

Roanohe Island, Feb. lO^A, 1862, 

To Capt. Theodore S. Foster, 

Dear Captain: — The day before the battle of the 8th inst., the aid- 
de-camp, Lieut. Frank Reno, told me that he would present a flag to the 
company of the Second Brigade who would fight most bravely. The day 
after the battle \i\ which our Regiment comported itself so gallantly, he gave 
the flag to me, saying, ' Give it to the company which has fought the best in 
your llegiment.' 

But at a meeting of the officers of the Twenty-first Regiment, presided 



PITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 89 

over by me, it was decided that the flag be given to you alone, as a small 
token of the great coolness, bravery and intelligence whicli you displayed on 
the 8th instant. 

You may inscribe on the flag these words : The Officers of the Ticenty- 
Jirst Regiment M. V., to the brave Capt. T. S. Foster, of Co. D. 

I am your sincere friend, 

A. C. MAGGI, Lieut. Col. Com'g." 

The flag alluded to was sent home by Capt. Foster to be depos- 
ited in the Public Library. The following note accompanied it : 

" Camp Burnside, Roanoke Island, 
3farch 4th, 18G2. 
To THE Chairman op the Fitcuburq Library Committee : 

Enclosed I send a flag, together with a letter accompanying it, which 
has this day been presented to me by the officers of the Twenty-first Regi- 
ment Mass. Volunteers. As it has been my honest endeavor to faithfully 
serve my country and its flag, I have tried to win, not glory for myself, but 
for the town which I have the honor to represent. Therefore I feci it my 
duty to present the flag to the town of Fitchburg, to be preserved in the 
Public Library, as a memento of the gallant services of Company D, Twenty- 
first Regunent, Feb. 8th, 1862. 

Very truly yours, 

THEODORE S. FOSTER, 

Capt. Co. D, 21st Regt. Mass. Vols. 

On the 14th of March the Regiment was again engaged at the 
battle of Newbem, and was highly commended in the official 
reports for the dash and bravery wliich it displayed in this action, 
and was presented by General Burnside with the first gun taken 
by them from the enemy, (a brass field piece,) " as a monument 
to the memory of a brave jnan," referring to the gallant and 
youthful Adjutant F. A. Stearns, of Amherst, who was killed early 
in the action. 

The total of the Regiment's loss in this action was three officers 
and fifty-four enhsted men killed and wounded. April 17th the 
Regiment took passage from Newborn to Efizabeth City, landing 



40 riTCHBURcJ IN THE REBELLION. 

the lOtli, and after a forced marcli of twenty miles, took part in 
tlie spirited battle of Camden, in which a victory Avas achieved. 
Their loss in this engagement was fifteen in killed and womided. 
The Regiment then returned to Newborn, remaining in that 
vicinity performing the oixlmary camp and picket duty until July 
6th, 1862, when it took passage for Newport News, arriving 
July 9th, and became a part of the Army of the Potomac. 
Here it remained until about the 2d of August when it took 
passage aboard steamers for Aquia Creek, Va., arriving on the 
4th, and immediately proceeded to Fredericksburg, where it Avent 
into camp. The Regiment took part in the unfortunate campaign 
of General Pope and participated in his retreat from the Rapidan, 
suffering, in common with the rest of that army, all the hardships 
incident to a disastrous retreat. Says another : 

" Without shelter from the elements, exhausted by long and distressing 
marches, sufforiug freijuently fin* want of food, for three weeks they constant- 
ly stood to their aruis with uiidimiiiished coiu'age." 

The battles of " Second Bull Run" and Chantilly soon followed, 
in both of which this Regiment bore its share. In the latter the 
Regiment suffered a greater loss than any it had before met with, 
owing to being drawn into an ambuscade of rebel regiments. Its 
loss was as follows : Officers killed, wounded and prisoners, eleven ; 
cnhsted men, one hundred thirty-three. 

Among the killed were the brave Lieut. Colonel Rice, and 
Lieut. H. A. Beckwith, of this toAvn. At South Mountain the 
Regiment was again engaged, losing five wounded ; and agam on 
the 17th of September, bore their full share in the bloody battle 
of Antietam. The Regiment was in the left Aving of the army. 

" The brigade to Avhich they belonged charged across tlie bridge over the 
' Antietam ' and held their ground upon the other bank, foe more than an 
hour of tlie time without ammunition, against an attacking force far superior 
in numbers." 

Their loss Avas large in proportion to the number (about one 



J'lTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 4l 

hundred fifty,) taken into the action, and was as Moavs: One 
officer killed, two wounded; six men killed, thirty-four wounded. 
After this battle, and until about the first of November, the 
Regiment was encamped in the vicmity of Pleasant vaUey, Md., 
when it again crossed the Potomac mto Virginia. On the 13th 
of December, 1862, occurred the great battle of Fredericksburg, 
and the Twenty-first was again hotly engaged. We extract from 
Colonel Clark's account of the battle the following : 

' ' The Second Brigade was ordered . to the front, and forming in double 
line of battle, most gallantly and steadily moved across the plain, swept by 
the destructive fire of the enemy. When about sixty rods from the city, 
Color-Sergeant Collins of Company A was shot, and fell to the gi-ound. 
Sergeant Plunkett of Company E instantly seized the colors and carried 
them forward to the farthest point reached by our troops during the battle, 
when a shell from the rebels was thrown with fatal accuracy at the colors 
and brought them to the ground, wet with the life blood of the brave 
Plunkett, both of whose arms were carried aivay. The glorious flag was 
then raised by Color-Corporal Olney of Company H, and ean-ied by him 
during the remainder of the day. Color-Corporal Barr of Company C was 
shot while carrying the State Colors, and the post of honor and danger was 
quickly filled by Color-Corporal Wheeler of Company I. The whole 
number of casualities in this battle is sixty-nine, viz.: eight killed, fifty-six 
wounded, five mis.sing. After expending their ammunition, the Twenty-first 
fell back into the line of support and remained until dark, when they return- 
ed to their position near the bridge, where they passed the night and next 
day." 

Soon after the battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment moved to 
Falmouth and went into Avinter quarters, remaining until Feb. 9th, 
1863, on Avhich day the regiment left for Newport News, arriving 
there on the 11th, and remained there until March 26th, when it 
started for the West. It reached Paris, Ky., April 1st, 1863, and went 
into camp ; on the 5th Avas marched to Mount Sterling, Ky., AA-here it 
remained engaged in camp and picket duty for three months, gainino- 
the highest enconiums from the people of that rebellious neighborhood. 
From there it went to Camp Nelson, Ky., and remained tAvo months. 
Sept. 12th it started for Knoxville, Tenn., marching one hundred 
6 



42 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

and eighty-five miles via Morristown, arriving about 1st October. 
On the 22d of Oct. the Regiment was engaged at " Elk Springs," 
■where the enemy was driven from his position and pursued twenty- 
six miles. From this time to November 14th, 1863, the Regiment 
marched and countermarched, exposed to the severe storms of that 
season, without tents, upon half or quarter rations, all of the time 
poorly clothed and badly shod. Many men marched and did duty 
all the time who were completely harefooted. The Twenty-first was 
a part of the besieged force which for several weeks was shut up at 
Knoxville. It made one of the most brilliant charges of the seige 
on the 24th of Nov., Avhen, in company with another picked regi- 
ment, it attacked the sharp-shooters of the enemy and drove them 
(twice their own number) entirely out of North Knoxville, and took 
and held possession of all the fortified ground in that part of the city. 
During the entire siege, the regiment Avas constantly on duty. 
The men were fast wearing out, when on Dec. 5th the siege 
was raised. The Twenty-first, Avith others, was ordered to fol- 
low the retreating enemy. From that time, the regiment saw 
weary marches and constant exposure, and was reduced to such 
an extremity that tivo ears of rmo corn per day were issued to 
each man as his ration. Thus situated, in the woods of East 
Tennessee, on the 29th of Dec, 1863, the proposal was made 
to the regiment to re-enlist for the new term of three years, and 
in thirty-six Jiours all hut twenty-four of the regiment had re- 
enlisted. Surely here was heroism of Avhich we may well feel 
proud. Could any one " despair of the Republic," when our 
soldiers showed such courage, such patriotism, such fidelity to 
the holy cause in which they had engaged ? On the 8th of 
January, the Regiment started for home on a " veteran fur- 
lough," and arrived at Worcester durmg the same month, Avhere 
it had a public reception by the citizens. • 

At the expiration of its furlough, the regiment agaim left "Wor- 
cester for Annapolis, to join its old corps (the Ninth) which was 
getting ready for another movement, and on the 23d of April, 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 43 

1864, moved into Virginia. It took an active part in the battle 
of the Wilderness, and its official record of that bloody day we 
give below. 

" Early in the morning of May 6th, the Regiment left ' Germania Ford,' 
and hearing afar off the rattle of musketry, started for the scene of action. 
There was not that ' spoiling for the fight ' which had once been its experi- 
ence, but there was in the closed ranks and steady march, an indication that 
every man appreciated what was before him ; what was expected of him, and 
what might be called for as a sacrifice for Union and Liberty. There is 
nothing more subhme than the sight of a body of veterans who, hearing the 
terrible rattle of musketry, and knowing that the death struggle is going on, 
though yet unseen, prepare to obey the command ' Forward.' The ' Wilder- 
ness ' of many trees and thick under-brush which formed the battle field of 
the day is well known, and the Regiment was even within a few yards of the 
contending parties before any of the. troops engaged could be seen. Together 
with the One Hundredth Penu., the Twenty-fii'st was formed in line of battle 
on the left of the Second corps, and made subject to Gen. Hancock's orders. 
Thus situated, the Twenty-first was not at first actively engaged. The Brig- 
ade of Gen. Stevenson which assisted in the advance, was composed of new 
Massachusetts regiments, which did nobly, and took the most advanced posi- 
tion during the day. Then heavy losses were sustained in taking that 
position and holding it. Afterwards, when a terrible charge was made by 
the rebels, and the raw troops of the Second Corps gave way before the 
attack, and rashed across the line of the Ninth Corps, throwing them into 
confusion and final disorder — then, when they seemed flanked, and only 
till then, did the Brigade of Gen. Stevenson's Division give way. And 
then were gallant officers slain while attempting to rally their troops and 
inspire them with their own spirit of coin-age. Then fell Gen. Wadsworth. 
Then was General Stevenson surrounded by rebels and almost captured, 
or slain, and only saved by his coolness and invincible courage. Then 
Colonel Griswold fell, and many, many whose valor left them only with 
breath. While all seemed confusion, and really was so, when the rebels 
stopped in their charge, we know not why, and when no hne of our 
troops remamed, the Twenty-First Mass. and One Hundredth Pennsyl- 
vania were deployed and advanced, and by their celerity and gallantry, 
prevented the rebels reaping any fruits from their temporary success. 
The rebel Hne was attacked and the advance repulsed by these veterans, 
and soon the old lost line was restored in a beautiful manner by General 
Hancock." 

The loss of the Regiment in this battle, was three officers and 



44 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION* 

twelve enlisted men. After this battle the Regiment " fought it 
out on this line" all the way to Petersburg. On the 10th May, 
the Regiment was again engaged, making a charge, and losing ten 
men. May 12th, was also engaged at " Spottsylvania" all day, 
losing twenty-seven in killed and wounded. Several more were 
killed and wounded in skirmishes of May 31st and June 1st. On 
the 2d of June, while protecting the rear of the Corps, the enemy 
suddenly charged vipon them. The Regiment fell back slowly, 
engaging him fiercely, when the whole corps soon became actively 
engaged, thus bringing on a general battle of the whole army. In 
this action the Regiment lost seven killed, twenty-six wounded, 
thirteen missing. 

After a few days of rest, interrupted by an occasional skinnish, 
the Regiment marched for Petersburg, arriving there Jime 16th. 
On the 17tli the Regiment was engaged in a brilliant charge 
upon the enemy's works. We give the account of it from the 
oflficial report of the commanding officer : 

** The charge was ordered at about five o'clock P. M. The Twenty- 
I^st arose, but sunk almost immediately beneath the withering fire which 
met them. There was need of all the courage which they possessed. 
They rose again, and this time with a patriotic hurrah. The colors were 
swuno' aloft gloriously by Color-Sergeant Frank Peckham; brave officers 
went ahead, among whom was Captain Charles Goss, who, in that terrible 
moment of trial, brought out all the resources of his soul, proved and 
tempered in more than twenty battles of the war. A noble courage 
filled him. He seemed to forget the times when he had been wounded 
"nio-h unto death," and when the line was well formed and advancing 
nobly, he fell never to rise again till a louder trumpet summoned him 
than that which was sounded for that advance. In that moment of 
sublime patriotism which few can know, his soul passed from a body 
before pierced in many places, but now become unworthy to claim any 
longer such a noble spirit. Captain Sampson again renewed his courage 
in leading the Regiment up even to the rebel hues, whence we drove 
the occupants. 

The lines were ours. Darkness settled around — our ammunition was 
entirely exhausted. Repeated requests were sent for supplies, or for relief; 



riTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 45 

Ibut none came to our aid. Iniracdiatclj a rcLel charge was made. 
Nothing was there with which to resist it, and tlie whole Division fell 
back in confusion, and the liiies so gallantly taken were again lost. 
The next morning came, but the rebel army had withdrawn, and we 
advanced without opposition, to works we had conquered and lost the day 
before." 



In this last action, tlie Regiment lost three ofhcers and twenty 
four enlisted men killed and woimded ; missing, four. From this 
date to July 30th, the Regiment was constantly at the front, in 
the rifle pits, and exposed to the fire of the enemy, occasionally 
losing a man. On the 30th occurred the explosion of the mme, 
and this Regiment was in the Division which rushed into the 
■*' crater" only to be repulsed with severe loss. 

Of the causes of the failure of that fatal day much has been 
aaid and written, but we have no space to discuss it here. It is 
sufficient for us to know that the difficulty lay above the officers 
and men actively engaged, than whom, none could have done their 
duty nobler or better. The Twenty-First lost in this most unfor- 
tunate afiair, five officers and twelve men killed and wounded, 
and seven missing. 

This was the last action in which the Twenty-First was engao-ed, 
and on the 18th of August, it was decided that the Regiment 
was not a " veteran regiment," because, of the three-fourths that 
had re-enlisted, fifty-six had been rejected for various reasons, and 
it was ordered that the Regiment be broken up, and the officers 
and non-enlisted men proceed home to be mustered out. They 
accordingly left August 19th, for home, arriving at Boston the 
22d. They were furloughed until August 30th, 1864, when they 
assembled at Worcester and were mustered- out of the service. 

The re-enUsted men of the Twenty-First were organized with 
the Thirty-sLxth, and their subsequent history will be found in 
that regiment's history, which we propose to give in its proper 
place. It was a great disappointment to those men, as well as to 
all those who have ever been connected with the Regiment, that 



46 FITCHBURQ IN TIIE REBELLION". 

it could not be continued as an organization until the close of the 
war, but it has a history of which thej, and all of us, may well 
be proud, and indeed it would have been difficult to add anjthmg 
to the glorj of its record. Its deeds from Roanoke to Petersburg 
are prominent in the history of the war, while the memories of 
its Stearns, its Rice, its Goss, its gallant Sergeant Plunkett, and 
scores of others, will live in the hearts of their countrymen to the 
latest posterity. 



HISTORY OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 

Authority to raise the Twenty-Fifth Regiment was granted on 
the 9th of September, 1861. 

Col. Edwin Upton, of this town, and formerly of the old Ninth 
Reg't. M. V. M., was designated as its Colonel. This was con- 
sidered a most excellent appointment. Col. Upton had been for 
years one of the very best officers in the Militia, and a regiment 
raised, disciplined and drilled under his directions could not fail 
of being a most efficient body. The Regiment was mainly com- 
posed of the very " flower of the youth" of Worcester County. 
The company from this town of which the old Washington Guards 
again formed the nucleus, was raised by Charles H. Foss who was 
commissioned its Captain. 

This Company was recruited under circumstances such as had 
not existed when the previous ones were sent to the field. The 
terrible disaster and slaughter at BuU Run had, for the time, 
dampened the ardor of our young men, and they saw more clearly 
the probability of a long war. But although recruits came more 
slowly, they were of splendid material — earnest, courageous, patri- 
otic yoxmg men, who considered long and well the step they were 
taking when they resolved to give up all, aye, even hfe for the 
sake of their country. The time seemed to have arrived when it 
was a most serious question with every young man of spirit, 
whether it was not his duty first and foremost, to enter the ser- 
vice of his country. " Death, or an honorable life," — To many 
an honorable life could only seem to be attained by exposing 
themselves to an honorable death by following the clear path of 



48 FITCHBURO IN TIIE REBELLION. 

duty. This spirit "was manifest through all classes and conditions. 
The stiu'dy husbandman left his farm ; the mechanic his shop ; 
the clerk his desk ; the student his books, for what they knew 
must be a hard and probably a perilous ser\dce. Yes, it was now 
stern, relentless war, and because they loved their country more 
than wife or child, home or friends, they were willing to leave all 
and to throw their energies into the great struggle for the Nation's 
existence. Not more credit is due the soldiers of this recruitment 
than those who gallantly came forward at the first, it may be, but 
this much is certain, that those who now entered the ranks saw 
plainly before them (what the earher volunteers could not see,) 
three years probably, of hard service, even if the bullet, or disease 
spared them so long. They shrunk not from it — the prize was 
worthy of the sacrifice. They helped to "win it, we enjoy the 
fruits of their victory — Blessings on them forever. During the 
recruitment of this Regiment, a war meeting was held of which 
the following is an account: 



WAR MEETING. 

A large meeting of the citizens was held at the Town Hall on 
Monday evening, Sept. 23d, 1861, for the purpose of helping recruit- 
ing in our midst; D. H. Merriam, Esq., presiding. Rev. H. M. 
Loud opened the meeting with a strong appeal to the young men 
to rally with more zeal in support of the government. He was 
followed by Hon. G. F. Bailey, in an eloquent address, in which 
he reminded the citizens of Fitchburg of a meeting held here 
ninety years before, at Avhich it was Jlesohwd, " to stand by Bos- 
ton in her opposition to tyranny," in an hour ^vhen our infant coun- 
try was exposed to perils as great as those which now threatened 
us. He urged upon the citizens that they should be true to the 
blood and fame of those revolutionary fathers, and send forth 
speedily more of our young men, and oifer more freely of our 
means to carry on this war with ^igor. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 49 

Gen. "Wilson, of California, "was next introduced, and addressed 
the meeting at length on the present condition of the country, its 
dangers and its necessities, and closed Avith an earnest appeal to 
the young men to fill up the ranks. 

At the close of the meeting, a subscription paper was started 
for funds to assist the new Worcester County Regiment, and was 
headed by Dea. S. A. Wheeler and Dr. C. W. Wilder, with 
one hundred dollars each. 

The effects of the meeting were very salutary, and several re- 
crmts Avere added to Capt. Foss' Company. 

The Company was speedily filled, and started for Worcester 
about the first of October, 1861, and was honored in leaving, 
by an escort of the " Old Guards," from whose organization it 
had in one sense sprung ; the officers, and many of the men hav- 
ing been members of the same. After parading the streets^ 
the Company marched to the American House, where a dimer 
had been pi-ovided for them through the liberality of Charles T, 
Crocker, Esq., who was present and addressed the men briefly in 
words of encouragement. Addresses were also made by Amasa 
Norcross, Esq., and Rev. Geo. Trask. 

The company finally left amid great enthusiasm and the hearty 
God-speeds of their friends and fellow citizens. 

It was sad indeed to see our young men continually going out frora 
us to certain danger and death, but it was also inspiring to see their 
enthusiasm and the iK)ble motives which actuated them. Accepting 
with all its hardships the service they had chosen, they resolutely 
turned their backs upon home and friends, and steadfastly set their 
faces toward the field of their future suOferings- and privations — toils. 
and victories. 

The following is the roll of Capt. Foss' Company: 
7 



50 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain, CHARLES H. FOSS, Fitchburg. 
1st Lieut. Levi Lawrence, Fitcbburo;. 

Id Lieut. J. Heury Ricbardson, Fitcbburg. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 

Fitzgibbon Michael, Asbburnham. 

Fenno Frank B , Westminster. 

Gilcbrist John A., Lunenburg. 

Gardner John F., Fitchburg. 

Gird Joseph W., Fitchburg. 

Gibson Appleton, Fitchburg. 

Gates Francis, Gardner. 

Gates Plirani, Gardner. 

Henshaw Dexter, Fitcliburg. 

Howe Wm. B., Princeton. 

Howe Luther B., Princeton. 

Hartwell Chas. W., Westminster. 

Hartwell Samuel, Lunenburg. 

Haynes Sylvester, Fitcbburg. 

Hunter Charles H., Fitchbui-o^. 

Holden Ethan W., Westminster. 

Hagar William S , Fitchburg. 
Jenkins George E., Holliston. 
Kinsman George W., Fitchburf. 
Maynard Charles H., Princeton. 
Morton Orrin, Asbburnham. 
Morton Francis H., Asbburnham. 
IMcIntire Parley, Ashburnhara. 
Minott Edwin M., Westminster. 
Miller Charles A., Westminster. 
Nixon Nabum, Fitchburg. 
Nichols George, Westminster. 
Phillips George W., Westminster. 
Phelps W. W., Fitchburg. 
Phelps Phineas, Fitchburg. 
Partridge Wui. H., Fitchburg, 
Page George H., Westminster. 
Bice Georoe W., Fitchburo:. 
Roach William, Fitchburg. 
Smith Charles E., Asbburnham. 
Stockwell James A., South Gardner. 
Savaria Louis, Fitchburg. 
Spaulding J. Calvin, Fitchburg. 
Sylvester George F., Fitcldnirg. 
Sylvester Atwood G., Fitchburg. 
Southic Elmer G., South Gardner. 
Sanderson Calvin D., Lunenburg. 
Stowell Joshua T., Asbburnham. 
Scollay John, Westminster. 



SERGEANTS. 

Farwell Artemas S., Fitchburg. 
Upton Charles E., Fitchburg. 
Wilder Oliver D., Asbburnham. 
Simonds John, Fitchburg. 
Hall Charles, Fitchburg. 

CORPORALS. 

Rockwood S. A., Asbburnham. 
Graham James, Fitchburg. 
Proctor George B., Fitchbiu-g. 
Barnes Dwight W., Orange. 
Lowe Georp;e, Fitchburo'. 
Sawtelle, Walter H., Westminster. 
Spaulding John A., Asbburnham. 
Putnam Thomas F. Fitchburg. 

MUSICIANS. 

Brick Charles A., Fitchburg. 
Peckham Samuel H., Westminster. 

PRIVATES. 

Alger Edward, Winchendon 
Andrews Frederic A., Fitchburg. 
Adams Wm. F., Townsend. 
Brooks Benjamin V.. Fitchburg. 
Boss Orlando, Fitchburg. 
Battles Wm. E., Fitchburg. 
Bassett Frank J., Asbburnham. 
Brown Octavus, Asbburnham. 
Brown Alonzo F., Westminster. 
Brown, John L., Westminster. 
Ball George V., Lunenburg. 
Clark Luther, Asbburnham. 
Clark Harvey, Asbburnham. 
Cotting George P., Fitchburg. 
Collins Richard, Fitchburg. 
Davis Frank A., Asbburnham. 
Dadmun Frank S., Fitchburg. 
Elleck Edward W. D., Leominster. 
Ellenwood Artemas W., Fitchburo-. 
Esty Francis, Westminster. 
Flagg Warren A., Orange. 



FITCUBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



61 



Simonds Putnam, Fitchbnrg. 
Stratton Charles H., Wineliendon. 
Thompson Michael, A.sliburnham. 
Upton Thomas, Fitchburg. 
Wiley David D., Ashbj. 
Whittemore Oliver H., Fitchburg. 
Winn Noah, Lunenburg. 
Wetherbee Silas, Ashby. 
Wallis Lincoln, Ashburnhara. 



Willis William M., Fitchburg. 
Ward Carlos P., Rindge, N. H. 
Walker James L., Ashburnham. 
Walker Edward P., Gardner. 
Whiting Alonzo, Lunenburg. 
Wait Milan B., Fitchburg. 
Whitney Charles H., Fitchburg. 
Ware G. R, Fitchburg. 
Whitman Edward, Westminster. 



PRESENTATION. 

A few of the many friends of Colonel Upton, who had received 
the appointment of Colonel of the " Twentj-Fifth," bemg desirous 
of showing their regard for him as a citizen, and their appreciation 
of his patriotism, united in the presentation to him of a fine horse 
and set of equipments. 

The presentation took place at the American House on Thursday 
evening, October 10th, and the occasion was one of great interest. 

The meeting was organized by the choice of Amasa Norcross, 
Esq. as Chairman, when a committee was sent to wait upon Col. 
Upton, the whole party withdrawing to the front of the Hotel, 
•where in charge of a groom the horse fully equipped awaited 
them. Mr. Norcross then addressed the Colonel as follows: 

" Col. Upton : In behalf of several of your friends and neighbors, I have 
the pleasure of presenting to you this horse with equipments fitting him for 
military service. It is not in the gift itself they would have you find the 
measure of its value, but as a memorial of friendship, an expression of esteem 
and confidence, they present this token. From your own resources this 
necessity could easily have been supplied, but the sentiments of friendship 
and regard, of which this gift is but the symbol, no money can measure or 
purchase. This expression comes from those who have for many years 
observed your course in private as well as public life, and now on the 
eve of your departure to join the forces now marshalled in defense of 
all on earth we most highly prize, they would give you assurance that 
you have not failed that good name which is rather to be chosen than 
great riches, and that loving favor which is better than silver or gold. 
Accept then, this expression of their regard, with the full assurance that 
wherever in the defense of your country, you may be found, your 



52 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

personal welfare, and the success of the great cause of government and 
humanity shall be alike near and dear to their hearts. 

The donors tender their earnest hopes and strongest wishes for your 
personal safety, and, wlion the safety of the country may permit, for 
your return to your native town to enjoy once more among your friends 
the blessings of peace." 

To this Colonel Upton replied as follows : 

"Mr. President, gentlemen, fellow townsmen, friends and neighbors: 
For this beautiful horse, and these splendid equipments, accept my thanks, 
and allow me to assure you that my earnest endeavor shall be to use them to 
the best advantage while I shall be spared to assist in putting down the most 
wicked rebellion that ever cursed a people on the face of the earth ; and in 
conclusion, I say again accept my thanks." 

At the conclusion of his remarks the Colonel invited his friends 
to partake of a bountiful collation after which several hours were 
spent in social intercourse. The intellectnal entertainment was 
opened by Hon. Moses Wood, who, in a spirited speech, congratu- 
lated the Colonel that he had been placed in a position where he 
could be of so much service to his country. He was followed by 
Hon. J. W. Mansur in an earnest and eloquent speech upon the 
times, who closed with the following sentiment : 

" The Worcester County Regiment of the Revolution, and the Worcester 
County Regiment of to-day, and their commanders Bigelow and UjJton ; may 
the laui-els won by the former be brightened by the courage and patriotism of 
the latter. " 

John J. Piper, Esq., followed in defence of the militia system 
of Massachusetts which enabled her to respond so promptly and 
efficiently, to the sudden emergencies of the country. 

Remarks were also made by Messrs. Crocker, Stone, Sabin, 
Ruggles, Blood, and others, and at a late hour the company- 
separated with many fond wishes for the welfare and safe return 
of their honored host. 

Colonel . Upton was subsequently presented by his brother officers 
at the Custom House, with a complete set of regimentals as an 
expression of their regard during his short tenn of service with 
them. 



FITCIIBUR<3 IN THE RKBELLION. 53 

The Twenty-Fifth left the State for the seat of war, Oct. 31st, 
1861, and proceeded at once to Annapohs to join Gen. Burnside's 
expedition. Here the time was occupied until January 7th, 18G2, 
in acquiring proficiency m the duties of soldiers. And it may be 
added that this Regiment during that time became, and was com- 
plimented by the General Officers as one of the best of the large 
number gathered at that post. On the date last mentioned the 
Regiment took passage for North Carolina, arriving at Hatteras 
Inlet on the 14th of January, 1862. Here for three weeks they 
underwent great hardships in common with the rest of the expe- 
dition, the gales preventing a passage through the Inlet into the 
Sound until the first week in February. During this time, the 
"Zouave" aboard of which were two companies of this Regiment, 
foundered, but all were providentially saved. On the 5th the fleet 
got under way for Roanoke Island, arriving the 7th. On the 8th 
occurred their first battle (" Roanoke Island.") In this engage- 
ment the Twenty-Fifth " had the advance," being at first thrown 
forward as skirmishers, and then forming in hne of battle and 
pressing forward to within two hundred yards of the rebel works. 
They were actively engaged for three hours, when, their ammuni- 
tion being exhausted, they were ordered to the rear. A lodgment 
being effected by our troops at another point of the works the 
rebels left this fort, and the Tvrenty-Fifth, in company with several 
other regiments, advanced and occupied the works. 

The loss in this battle was six killed ; forty-two wounded. 

We subjoin Colonel Upton's Official Report of the battle : 

"Headquarters Twenty-Fifth Eeq't Mass. Vols, 

Roanoke Island, February IQfJi, 1862. 
Capt. Southard Hoffman, A. A. G. 

Sir : At about daybreak ou the morning of Saturday, 
February 8th, by order of Brigadier General Foster, my regiment left the 
bivouac it had occupied the night previous at Ilannon's house, and 
advanced accompanied by General Foster, in its position on the right 
of his brigade. Arriving at the ford about one-half mile from Hannon's 
house, the advance was fired upon by the enemy's pickets. I was iramc- 



54- FITClIIJllKi IN THE REBELLTOX. 

dlately ordered by General Foster to tlirow forward skirmishers. I ordered 
Company A, Captain Pickett, to deploy, supported by Company E, 
Captain Thomas O'Neil. The enemy's fire was returned, and his pickets 
retired rapidly to, and down the main road, followed by the skirmishers. 
Advancing to about a mile from the ford, they reported having discov- 
cred^the^enemy in position, apparently about two thousand strong. Gen. 
Fostor'^at once ordered mc to form the Eegiincnt in line of battle across 
the road, the right resting on a clearing commanded by the guns of the 
enemy, the left extending into the woods and thicket. Fire was opened 
by both parties, our artillery shortly after getting into position supported 
by the right wing of my Eegiment. I was ordered to press steadily 
forward, bringing our lines within about two hundred yards of the enemy's 
battery. Fire was kept up by us without intermission, for about three 
hours, until about half past ten A. M., when our ammunition being 
cxhiiUsted, I was ordered to form in column by company, in rear of our 
ri^ht, which was done in good order. The men rested on their arms 
waiting for a fresh supply of ammunition, until the enemy having left 
his works, I was ordered to advance in company with the remainder of 
General Foster's brigade. Arriving at the upper end of the Island, I 
was ordered by General Foster to quarter in the camp then in possession 
of the Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fourth Regiments Mass. Volunteers. 

Appended is a list of killed and woundod, amounting to six killed, 
and forty-two wounded. I would express my great sati.sfaction with the 
conduct of the Regiment, both officers and men. It was, throughout the 
eno-ao-ement, of the bravest kind, standing as they did for hours, in the 
water to their knees, exposed to an incessant fire of musketry, grape and 
shell, with no disposition on the part of any man to waver. The skir- 
mishing of Company A, Captain Pickett, was performed in a manner 
that would have done credit to regulars. I can but express my particular 
satisfaction with the manner in which Lieut. Colonel Sprague, Major 
McCafferty, and Adjutant Harkness performed the duties devolving upon 
thorn, and the support rendered mc by them, throughout the engagement. 

(Signed) EDWIN UPTON, 

Col. Twenty-Fifth Reg't Mass. Vols." 

The R3glm3nt remained on tlie Island until March 7tli, 1862. 
On that day it embarked for Newbern, arriving at Slocum's Creek 
on the 12th, and on the 13th marching to the city. The capture 
of Newbern occurred on the 14th, and we give from the pen of 
Colonel Upton the following modest and straight forward account 
of the part his Regiment had in the same. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 5o 

LETTER FROM COL. UPTON TO THE "SENTINEL." 

Headquarters Twenty-Fifth Reg't Mass. Vols. 

JSTewbern, iV. C, March 8th, 1802. 

Fkiexd Garfield : — Ere this you are aware that the Burnside 
expedition, which many prophesied would be a failure, has made 
another strike, and one too, that has been felt by the enemies of our 
country. After leaving Roanoke Island, we arrived in the Neuse River, 
about twelve or fifteen miles from this place, on Wednesday afternoon 
of last week. On Thursday morning our gunboats commenced to throw 
shells along the bank of the river, and the transports to land their troops 
at the entrance of a creek which runs into the Neuse River. This 
entrance the enemy, in anticipation of our landing at that place, had 
driven spiles into, but our tug-boats soon opened a way for landing by 
pulling them out, though it caused us a little delay. Early in the after- 
noon our foi'ces, some ten or twelve thousand men, were landed, and we 
took up our line of march towards this place. Finding no opposing 
force we passed along some three miles, when we found some deserted 
barracks that had been occupied, as the natives told us, by cavalry who 
left about eleven A. M., in great haste. We passed some two or three 
miles further on and reached the main road, and soon came to a clearinjr 
and discovered a breastwork thrown up, and a battery commanding the 
road. This breastwork was nearly a mile in length, and well constructed, 
with a deep ditch in front. But the enemy had run and left it. We 
passed some five miles further on through mud beneath, and rain above, 
Generals Foster and Parke's brigades taking the country road, and Gen. 
Reno's the railroad. It was now about seven P. M., and we turned 
into the woods to the riglit and bivouacked for the night. We built 
camp fires, sent out our pickets, partook of a lunch from our haversacks 
and, after making a reconnoisance down to the river, prepared to spend 
the night on the ground already very wet, and rain still falling in torrents. 
Some of our men lying down and some standing up, we generally, 
passed a sleepless night. At a little past four o'clock in the mornino' 
I heard the rumbling of a railroad train, for some distance approaching, and 
come to a halt. I then supposed it had brought reinforcements to the enemy, 
and afterwards learned from a prisoner we took, that such was the fact, and 
was also told by him that trains came later from Goldsboro with troops. AVe 
had our lunch early, and were ready to move at seven o'clock. We passed 
along nearly a mile, and discovered an earthwork thrown up, with the enemy 
in position, and batteries commanding the road. We were accompanied by 
the Twenty-fourth Mass. Regiment, Col. Stephenson, and were ordered by 
Gen. Foster to form a line of battle on the right of the road. We flanked 
off to the right, and had hardly cleared the road before they opened their 



56 FITCUBURU IN THE HEBELLION. 

Lntterios, throwing their shot and shell in a very earless manner. We con- 
tinued on, entered a thick woods and advanced to the right and front toward 
the edf^-e of the woods ; halted and sent out scouts to ascertain their exact 
position. We found a long line of breastworks, which jjroved on examina- 
tion afterwards, some two miles in lengtli, terminating in a fort at the river 
on our right, with a battery of thirteen heavy guns — both for water and land 
serA-ics (twenty-four and thirty-two pounders,) and on account of its extend- 
ing to the water, it was impossible to outflank them. Their shot and shell 
flew all around us, as did also the shell from our own gunboats, their men 
beino- hidden from view behind their earth works and fortifications. We 
were then ordered to flank to the left and support the Twenty-Seventh 
Mass. Regiment, Colonel Lee, which was located upon the left of our field 
howitzers. We found our howitzers unsupported, and were ordered to 
remain and support them, which we did, the battle still raging in all its 
fury. After holding that position some little time, I was ordered to deploy 
my Regiment into line of battle and prepare for a charge, as the enemy's 
bntteries were replying less frequently than they had done. Now came 
the order to charge ! and the Twenty-Fifth sent up a hideous yell and 
sprang forward in double cpiick time, leaped over the breastwork and 
drove the enemy out, our State color being the first on the work. I 
think there was one United States color on the right before ours. We 
found five horses attached to one field piece when we entered, some being 
shot and lying in the mud, and some headed one way and some another, the 
piece having its polo broken. The horses were probably just being hitched 
for the purpose of retreating, but they were obliged to leave all. I could 
think of nothing else but the lines written after the battle of Plattsburg, 
which run. something like this : 

"Provost Scott so he kft all behind, 

Powder, ball, cannon, teapot and kettle — 
Some say he catch a cold and perish in the mud, 

Cause he cat so much raw and cold vittle." 

We immediately formed our Regiment and were ordered to proceed on 
the road, taking tho position for street firing. The battle was still going 
on on the left with the other brigades. We took a direction into Slie 
left of the road, and vv'cre ordered by General Foster to move cautiously, 
as there was danger of coming in contact in the woods, with ouv own 
men, some of them having overcoats resembling those worn by secesh. 
We were told that General Parke's brigade was on our left and front? 
and General Reno v,as expected round the enemy's right flank and 
approaching our front. After getting into position we sent out the two 
flank companies as skirmishers into the woods, to see what was there, 
as the balls were fl.ying all around us. They advanced some little die- 



FITCHBURG IN TUE REBEl.LION. 57 

taneo and discovered that a portion of the enemy were there, and opened 
fire upon them, as did also the regiment. They soon surrendered, were 
taken prisoners, and placed in charge of Company H, Captain Moulton, 
who was detailed to guard them. They numbered about one hundred 
and fifty men. Their Colonel, who delivered his pistol to me, showed a 
bullet hole through his cap, which just cleared his head, and said he would 
rather it had gone through his head than to have surrendered. He' was 
in the fight at Big Rethel, and is a tough customer. We inunediately 
took up our line of march down the railroad towards Newbern. About 
two miles on the way a large clearing was made, and another breastwork. 
We were now in full view of the city which seemed all a-blaze ; the resin 
and turpentine works, with the railroad bridge over the Trent rirer, 
nearly two thousand feet long, being all on fii-e. Cheer after cheer went 
up from the Twenty-Fifth as we approached the city. Our gunboats had 
already arrived, as well as some of the transports, and we were taken 
from the abutment of the bridge by them and were the first regiment in 
Newbern. 

We are now favored with very good accommodations, being quartered 
in good houses that have been vacated by their owners ; and, although 
the keys were not left for our benefit, we found a way to open them, 
and are now more comfortably situated than at any time since leaving 
Annapolis. They tell a story about a Colonel Jordan who lives here, 
whom we took with the prisoners at Roanoke Island. They say he told 
them that unless they had a strong force and were ready to fight like h-11, 
they had better pack up and leave. From the best information I can 
obtain, the rebels had some ten thousand men here. I had no means of 
knowing what their loss was, as they had a train of cars standing on the 
track with four engines and took the most of their dead and wounded 
away. 

Many of the people hare left the town, and there are plenty of houses 
and stores empty, and rents lote. 

We were extremely fortunate in our loss in this battle ; indeed, jt 
seems almost a miracle that we have escaped with so small a loss, there 
having been but four killed, and sixteen wounded. 

Enclosed you will please find a list of our killed and wounded, also. 
General Burnside's and General Foster's official orders. 

EDWIN UPTON. Col. Twenty-Fifth Keg't M. V." 

The Regiment remained Newbern until May 9th, and then 
left for picket duty in the vicinity. During the hot summer 
months but little was done in this Department. During the month 



68 ' FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

of November the Regiment was a part of an expedition to Washing- 
ton, N. C. occupying about two weeks, but it was without important 
results. On the 11th December the Regiment started with the 
army on the march to Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, and was 
engaged in the actions of each of those places, but suffered only a 
few casualties, returning December 21st, 1862. From this time 
until about the first of December, 1863, the Regiment remained 
principally at Newborn and vicinity, enjoying what the hoys term 
" a soft thing," varied only by an occasional reconnoisance and 
now and then, a small skirmish, but at the end of this time they 
were ordered to Newport NewSj Ya., and from that day forward 
their' s was no " holiday" experience. 

Colonel Upton had been obliged on account of his health to 
tender his resignation on the 28th of October, 1862, much to the 
regret of his command, and all who had the welfare of the 
Regiment at heart. On his retiring he was presented by the 
enlisted men of the regiment, with a beautiful sword, belt and sash 
costing one thousand dollars. He was succeeded by Col. Josiah 
Pickett, a brave and efficient officer. 

The Regiment remained at Newport News until the 11th of 
February, 1861, when (four hundred thirty-two of the men having 
re-enhsted,) it was allowed to proceed to Massachusetts on a 
" veteran furlough." They reached Boston on the 19th, and were 
honored with a most cordial reception by the State and City 
authorities, and also, at Worcester Avhere the regiment was enrolled, 
they had a most hearty and enthusiastic welcome. 

On the 21st of March, 1864, the Regiment again left Boston 
for the field, arriving at Portsmouth, Va., on the 24th. On the 
22d of April the Regiment was ordered to embark for Plymouth, 
N. C. then besieged by the rebels, but upon arriving in Albemarle 
Sound found our forces had sm-rendered, and at once was ordered 
back to Portsmouth. On the 26th of April the Regiment was 
assigned to the Eighteenth Corps, Heckman's Division, and imme- 
diately sent to Yorktown, remaining there until May 4th, when.it 



FITCIIBURa IN THE REBELLION. 59 

sailed for " Bermuda Hundreds," arriving on the 5th. On the 6th 
of May it was engaged at " Port Walthal Station," where our forces 
were repulsed, the Regiment losing three Idlled ; fourteen wounded. 
On the next day the attack was renewed, and the railroad taken 
and destroyed for some distance. On the 9th the Regiment was 
again engaged on the Richmond Turnpike. It was on this occa- 
sion that the Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-Seventh 
Massachusetts Regiments were immediately opposed to the Twenty- 
Third, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-Seventh South Carohna Regiments, 
and we give in the words of an officer of the Massachusetts 
Twenty-Seventh, an account of the fight. 

" The three last named regiments by a shigular coincidence corres- 
ponded to the Massachusetts regiments opposing them, Massachusetts 
versus South Carolina; "mudsills versus "chivalry." The enemy came 
rushmg forward four lines deep with their own peculiar yell. They 
presented a front and charged with an impetuosity worthy of a better 
cause until within fifteen or twenty yards of our line, when their colunm 
began to waver, our fire beino; too hot for them. A few arrived within 
ten yards of our line, but very few ever got back to tell the tale. At 
a distance of within fifty yards our two regiments, (the Twenty-Fifth 
and Twenty-Seventh,) forming the front line, opened a deadly fire on 
them at "right and left oblique," and literally piled up the dead and 
wounded. A portion of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., and Ninth New 
Jersey Regiments now made a counter charge, and the audacious foe 
was soon driven behind his works. 

The loss of the Twenty-Fifth in this action Avas one officer and 
eleven men killed ; two officers and forty-seven men wounded. 
The officer killed on this occasion w"as First Lieutenant Charles 
E. Upton of this town. His patriotism, liis courage and his social 
qualities had endeared him to all of his comrades, while his tender 
youth rendered more attractive the conduct of his life, and 
increased the sorrow and sympathy at his death. 

On the 11th the Regiment was moved towards Richmond, and 
on the early morning of the 16th, was attacked by the rebels, 
who, under cover of a dense fog, had massed their forces and 
gained the rear of our troops, almost before they were aware of 



60 riTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

the movement. Says the Report: "The Twenty-Fifth fought 
splendidly, holding their ground \nth the utmost tenacity, mflicting 
on the charging columns of the enemy the most terrible slaughter 
until surrounded, and with ammunition exhausted, they were 
ordered to face hy the rear rank and charge the rebel line in the 
rear, thereby throwing the enemy into such confusion as to enable 
the Regiment to extricate itself from one of the most perilous 
positions troops were ever placed in ; and completely checking the 
advance of the enemy." 

The casualties in the Regiment in this engagement, were eleven 
killed ; one officer and fifty-two men wounded. On the 3d of 
June occurred the battle of " Coal Harbor." Here it was the 
fortune of the Regiment to undergo an ordeal which tried its 
heroism more than any previous experience had ever done. We 
again extract from the offit?ial record. 

*' On the morning of the 3d of June we were ordered to assault the 
enemy's works. The movement was made in columns by divisions, the 
Regiment charging gallantly some distance through a most galling fire, 
until within a few yards of the entrenchments, where they were met by 
a storm of bullets, shot and shell that no human power could withstand. 
Checked in their attempt to break the rebel line, and with two-thirds of 
their number killed, or disabled, the Regiment still determinedly held 
the position gained, protecting themselves as best they could by the 
nature of the ground, until dark, when with their hands and tin cups, 
rifle pits were constructed, thus rendering the position tenable. In this 
assault the Regiment displayed the most daring heroism and bravery." 

Here fell the gallant Captain O'Neill, asking as he died, to 
have "his face turned towards the enemy." Here fell the brave 
and accomplished Adjutant McConville, and Lieutenants Matthews, 
Pelton, and Graham ; the last from this town, a brave, impetuous, 
generous hearted young soldier, who was worthy of the promotion 
he had so recently received. 

The whole loss of the Regiment was four officers and twenty- 
three men killed ; eleven officers and one hundred twenty-eight 



FITCnBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 61 

men wounded, two officers, and forty-seven men missing. On the 
13th of June the Regiment was moved to " Point of Rocks," on 
the Appomattox river, and on the 15th made another assault on the 
works carrying the position, and capturing two " Napoleon" guns with 
caissons complete, with a loss of one killed, and eighteen wounded. 
On the 18th another charge was made without success, with a 
loss of six killed, and thirteen wounded. Nothing of note occurred 
until September 4th, when the Regiment was again ordered to 
North Carolina, reaching Newborn on the 10th. 

On the 5th of October, 1861, that portion of the Regiment 
whose term of service had expired, was ordered to Worcester, 
Mass., and on the 20th, mustered oiit of the service of the 
United States. Tlie balance of the Regiment was consolidated 
into a battaHon of four companies, remaining during the winter 
and spring in North Carolina, being a part of General Carter's 
Provisional Division, and marching into the interior during the 
month of March, making a junction with General Sherman's army 
at Goldsboro, March 23d, and thence proceeding with it to Raleigh 
and Charlotte, at which place it remained until July 13th, 1865, 
when it was ordered to proceed to Massachusetts to be mustered 
out. The Regiment took part in but one engagement durhig the 
year, at Wise's Forks, having one officer and four men wounded. 

Thus closes the record pf the gallant " Twenty-Fifth." Few 
regiments have a more brilliant one. 



HISTORY OF THE TIIIRTY-SIXTII REGIMENT. 

In July, 1H62, under tlic call of the President for three hun- 
dred thousand men, authority was given for the raising of the' 
Thirty-Sixth Regiment. Our quota Avas found to be ninety-seven, 
and it was at once decided to send out another company from 
Fitchburg, and Captain Barker of the " Old Guards," was desig- 
nated as the proper man to raise the company. The enthusiasm 
of our people was by no means diminished by the results of the 
summer campaign. The defeats on the " Peninsula," the reverses 
of the Second Bull Run and Chantilly, and the decimated ranks 
of our Fifteenth and Twenty-First Regiments, while they sad- 
dened their hearts, also filled them A\-ith a determination never 
to abandon the struggle until the object for which the "appeal 
to ams" was made, (the preservation of the Union of these 
United States,) was secured. Our young men came forward 
nobly, and the company was soon filled up. The followhig is an 
account of a pubUc meeting held by our citizens immecUately. 
after the President's call was issued, taken from the Fitchburg 
Reveille of July 17th, 18G2. 

"CITIZENS' MEETING, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 18G2. 

At the hour apppointed ou Saturday evening, the Town Hall was 
crowded with patriotic citizens, who assembled to take some action about 
raising the ninety-seven men required at this time from Fitchburg, as 
her portion of tlie three hundred thousand troops called for by the 

President. K^ \. 

The meeting was called to order by D. H. Merriam, Esq. Alvah 

Crocker, Esq. was chosen chairman, and T. K. \Yare, secretary. Eloquent 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLIOX. 63 

remarks were made by Mr. Crocker, Hon. Alfred Hitclicock, T. K. Ware, 
D. H. Men-iam, Esq., Hon, J. W. Mausur, H. L. Read, Amasa Xorcross, 
Es;|., Hon. Nathaniel Wood and otbers. 

The following resolutions were presented l)y T. K. Ware, E^ q., and 
were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That, as citizens of the town of Fitchburg, we are desirous 
of giving an earnest and practical response to the appeal of His Excellency, 
the Governor of Massachusetts, to the several towns of this Conuuonwealth, 
and of taking effective measures to do our share in the support of the 
Administration of the United States in its renewed efforts for tlie sup- 
pression of the rebellion. 

Resolved, That, in order to the more rapid enlistment of the quota of 
recruits allotted to this town, W3 request our seleetmon to call a Tow.i 
Meeting on as early a day as jjossible, to take measures for off>3ring a 
bounty of seventy-five dollars a man to all rercuits who shall enlist them- 
selves for the war, from this town. 

It bein^; desirable that recruitinsx should coaimenee at once, the solect- 
men were authorized to pay each, and every recruit, seventy-five dollars 
as soon as he is enlisted and accepted. The foollwing gentlemen signed 
a bond agreeing to hold themselves responsible to the selectmen for the 
money paid out: Hon. Moses Wood, Hon. Alvah Crocker, Hon. 
Ebenezer Torrey, Hale W. Page, Hon. Alfred Hitclicock, L. H. Bradford, 
Otis T. Ruggles, Dr. Jonas Marshall, C. J. Billing?, Gaorge E. Towne, 
Dea. S. A. Wheeler, D. H. Merriam, T. K. Ware, Charles T. Crocker, 
Amasa Norcross, Dr. T. R. Boutelle, Dr. Tiio-.nis Palmer, John P. 
Sabin, H. F. Coggshall, Lyman Patch, J. H. Fairbanks, James P. 
Putnam, Charles W. AVilder, H. A. Willis, Gardner Farrar. 

The chairman then announced that they were ready to receive recruits 
as soon as the papers for enlistment should be prepared. Dr. F. A. 
Makepeace was the first man who came forward to enlist, and was 
followed by W. H. Signor and George E. Keyes. 

The meeting was conducted, and the business transacted in the same 
spirited and patriotic manner that has characterized the action of our 
citizens whenever they have been called iipon to furnish men and means 
to put down this rebellion. A committee of one from each district, and 
six from the centre district, was chosen to canvass for recruits." 

In accordance with the request contained in the Resolutions of 
the Citizens' Meeting, a Town Meeting was called for July 19th, 
and we give below the preamble and resolutions adopted providing 
for the payment of one hundred dollars bounty to each recruit. 



G4 FITCUBUKQ IN TUB RKBKLLION. 

This was the connnencement with us of the system of paying 
bounties, which was carried to such a pernicious extent before 
the war closed. Other communities were doing it, and we were 
oWif^ed to, or our men Avould go elsewhere to enhst. And our 
citizens were only too glad to tax themselves with the burden, 
feeling that it was due the patriotic young men who were gomg 
forth to peril their lives for their country, that their pecuniary 
compensation should be liberal. 

PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED IN TOWN MEETING, 
JULY 19, 1863. 

Whereas, the President of the United States has recently called for 
three hundred tliousand additional volunteer troops, for the suppression of 
the Southern Rebellion, and, in comphance with that call, the Governor 
of this Commonwealth has by Proclamation, called upon patriotic and 
law abiding citizens of eveiy city and town in the State, again to show 
their hatred of treason, and their loyalty to the Constitution and Union, 
by furnishing men and money for the Nation's defense. 

Tbcrefore, Voted — unanimously, that we, the loyal voters of Fitch- 
burg, in town meeting ascembled, this 19th of July, 1862, hereby 
authorize, and instruct our Selectmen to appropriate and pay one hun- 
dred doUars, as a bounty, to each, and every acceptable recruit, when 
he shall have been mustered into the United States service and shall have 
joined the Volunteer Company now forming in this town, or either of the 
three companies from this town, now at the seat of war; not to exceed 
in all, the sum of ten thousand and one hundred dollars." 

The departure of the Company for camp, which took place August 
1st, was made the occasion for another demonstration. 

The ritchburg Fusihers turned out to escort the new company and 
accompanied them to the camp at Worces'ter. 

The men departed as four other companies had before left us, 
amid the cheers, and followed by the good wishes of their friends and 
fellow citizens. As they passed from among us we fondly hoped that 
it mio-ht be the last draft upon us ; that our troubles might end 
without exposing the lives of yet more of our able bodied youth. 
But it was not thus to be. The following is a copy of the Origiiial 
Koll of this Company : 



FITCHBUKO IN THE KEBELLION. 



66 



ROLL OF CO. A, THIRTY-SIXTH REG'T MASS. VOLS. 

Captain— TRADBEUS L. BARKER. 
1st Lieut. — George L. Ciiipman. 

2d Lieut. — Joseph A. Marshall. 



ENLISTED MEN. 



Alexander J. M., Blackstoue. 
Ames T. J., Leominster. 
Arnold Geo. T., Leominster. 
Barber Chas. H., Fitcbburg. 
Brown John, Fitchburg. 
Bixby A. B., Fitchburg. 
Bacon John, Blackstone. 
Bachelder J. H., Blackstone. 
Burlingame W. H., Blackstone. 
Bradley 0. L., Blackstone. 
Brooks L. W., Leominster. 
Burrage Henry S., Fitchburg. 
Beal Foster E. L., Lunenburg. 
Bruce L. 0., Lunenburg. 
Battles F. C, Fitchburg. 
Cook T. G., Fitchburg. 
Coyle Andrew, Fitchburg. 
Chamberlain L., Ilolden. 
Carter A. II., Leominster. 
Carter Solon H., Leominster. 
Chase Joseph W., Fitchburg. 
Derby Chas H., Leominster. 
Damon George R., Leominster. 
Emory E. F., Fitchburg. 
Foster W. A., Fitchburg. 
Frederic E. H., Fitchburg. 
Frederic G. II., Fitchburg. 
French John A., Fitchburg. 
Farrar Chas. E , H olden. 
Fuller M., Fitchburg 
Fernald Wm., Blackstone. 
Greenman J. H., Blackstone. 
Gibson G. P., Leominster. 
Goodrich Leonard, Leominster. 
Gallop L. R., Leominster. 
Gibson A. C, Fitchburg. 
Gillis James, Fitchburg. 
Hancock Jos., Fitchburg. 
Howe F., Leominster. 
Hurd C. H., Fitchburg. 
Humes Jos., Fitchburg. 
Hartwell A. J., Fitchburg. 
Hamilton J. R., Fitchbur<r. 



Johnson W. C, Leominster. 
Keyes Geo. E., Fitchburg. 
Knio;ht Geo. E , Fitchburg. 
Larkin M., Fitchburg. 
Jjamb L. L., Fitchburg. 
Lamb C. F., Fitchburg. 
Long M., Fitchburg. 
Mahan Thomas, Fitchburg. 
Morgan L. W.. Leominster. 
]\lclntire G. M., Fitchburg. 
]\Lick Geo. W.. Fitchburg. 
May Thomas, Fitchburg. 
Mills H. A., Fitchburg. 
Makepeace F. A., Fitchburg. 
Murphy P. W., Fitchburg. 
Meads L. A., Leominster. 
O'Brien Wm., Fitchburg. 
Oakes Thos., Fitchburg. 
Osborn J. W., Fitchburg. 
Osborn A. B., Leominster. 
Osborn Samuel, Leominster. 
Patch Ebenezer, Leominster. 
Pollard Augustus, Fitchburg. 
Pitts L. Jr , Fitchburg. 
Petts A., Gardner. 
Porter L. D., Leominster. 
Page C. D., Leominster. 
Phelps Charles, Fitchburg. 
Perkins F. H., Fitchburg. 
Prew A. G., Fitchburg. 
Robinson C IL, Leominster. 
Siner W. H., Fitchburg. 
Smith 0. F., Fitchburg. 
Smith G. M., Fitchburg. 
Stockwell 0. L , Fitchburg. 
Sullivan E., Leominster. 
Sullivan John. Fitchburg. 
Stevens Robert, Fitchburg. 
Sheridan B., Fitchburg. 
Stearns Geo. A., Blackstone. 
Smith Charles, Leominster. 
Sinclair Geo. A., Leominster. 
Smith H. R., Leominster. 



9 



66 FITCHBUKG IN THE REBELLION. 

Stearns Chas. \V., Leominster. Whitney C. W., Fitchburg. 

Tucker A. S., Holden. Worcester John, Fitchburg. 

Thornton J. J., Fitchburg. Winch C, Fitchburg. 

Thompson H. A., Fitchburg. Wood F. A., Fitchburg. 

Taylor Henry, Fitchburg. Wood A. W., Fitchburg. 

Webb R. F., Fitchburg. Whittemore Charles F., Fitchburg. 
Wetherbee A. L., Fitchburg. 

This Regiment was organized in August, 1862, and Lieut. Col. 
John W. Kimball of the Fifteenth Regiment, designated as its 
Colonel, but as he could not get discharged from the Fifteenth, 
Major Bowman of the Thirty-Fourth, was subsequently appointed. 
The Regiment left the State on the 2d of September, 1862, 
and arrived at Washington on the Tth, and was immediately 
ordered to join General Burnside's army at Sharpsburg, Maryland, 
where it arrived September 20tli, just too late to be engaged in 
the battle of Antietam. It remained in this vicinity until Oct. 
11th, when it marched to Frederick, thence on the loth, to 
Pleasant Valley; thence to Lovettsville, Va., where it arrived 
October 26th, and remained till the 29th, when it marched with 
the remainder of the army to Falmouth, arriving Nov. 19th, stop- 
ping one week on the route. On the 12th of December, 1862, 
the Regiment saw its first battle ; the battle of Fredericksburg, 
but was not actively engaged, being held as reserve, and had 
only two men wounded. It remained at Falmouth until February 
10th, 1863, when it left for Newport News to join the Ninth 
Corps. At this place six weeks wore passed in drill and the 
ordinary duties of the camp, when the Regiment left for the 
West with the remainder of the Corps. The Regiment arrived 
at Lexington, Ky., March 29'Ji, where it encamped a week, during 
which time it was sent to Cincinnati to guard the polls at the 
election of Mayor. On the 8th and 9th of April the Regiment 
marched some thirty miles, and reached " Camp Dick Robinson," 
where it remained three weeks ; thence to Middlebury, remaining 
until May 23d ; thence to Columbia, arriving the 26th, where 
it remained a few days engaged in reconnoisanccs, and capturing 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 67 

a large number of guerrillas. On tlie 4th of June, 1863, the 
Regiment received marching orders and soon learned that their 
destination was Vicksburg, Miss. The journey was made by 
rail and steamboat, and they arrived in the "• Yazoo" on the 17th, 
and took up a position near Milldale, some ten miles in the 
rear of Vicksburg, the duty of the Ninth Corps being to protect 
Grant's Army from an attack in the rear by Johnston. Vicksburg 
surrendered on the ever memorable 4th of July, 1863, and on 
the same day the Corps started in pursuit of Johnston, who was 
retreatmg towards Jackson, Miss. On the evening of the 10th 
they overtook the retreating foe, who had at this point constructed 
earthworks, and engaged him, the Thirty-SLxth being in the 
advance as skirmishers, and losing eight men killed and wounded; 
after remaining at this point until the 17th, losing several more 
men, the Thirty-SLxth marched to Canton, Miss., where it tore 
up several miles of the railroad. It then marched back to Sny- 
der's Bluff, a distance of seventy miles, where it arrived the 
23d. The march was a very severe one, and fatal in its conse- 
quences to many. Without rations, in the middle of July, under 
the hot Mississippi sun they were marched till some drojyped 
dead in the ranks. On the 5th of August under Major Goodell, 
the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel having resigned, the Regi- 
ment embarked for Cairo, where it arrived the 10th, where it took 
cars for Cincinnati, arriving the 12th ; crossed the river to Coving- 
ton, and went into camp. From the effects of this terrible 
campaign in Mississippi, the Regiment lost more than many battles 
might have cost them. It is safe to say, that from disease, and 
exhaustion consequent upon it, they lost by death and discharge, 
one hundred and fifty men. On the 17th of August the Regiment 
left on the route for Knoxville, where it arrived (after long and 
tedious marches and halts at different points,) on the 27th of 
September. On the 3d of October the Regiment, with the Ninth 
Corps, was marched out to meet an army of the enemy under 
General Jones, advancing from Virginia. On the 10th the battle 



68 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION". 

of " Blue Springs" was fought, wliicli resulted' m"tlie defeat of 
the enemy and a loss to the Regiment of three oflficers and three 
men wounded. Among these was the gallant Lieutenant Colonel 
Goodell, who was struck bj a shell while leading the Regiment, 
and severely wounded. The retreating army was followed twenty 
miles and many prisoners taken, but the main body escaped. 
The Thirty-Sixth was engaged at "Campbell's Station," 'and lost 
twenty-four in killed, wounded and missing. During the siege 
of Knoxville the Regiment occupied a position near Fort Saunders, 
and were engaged when the Rebels made their last desperate 
assault before raising the siege ; but suffered only a slight loss. 

During the siege the men of this, as well as all other regi- 
ments, suifered much. They subsisted on quarter rations ; many 
were without blankets and shoes, and nearly all without overcoats. 
From one-third to one-half the men were kept awake and on 
watch each night. After the retreat of the enemy the Regiment 
joined in the pursuit, which was continued for thirty miles, and 
then returned to the vicinity of Knoxville. On the 16th of Jan. 
1864, they marched to " Strawberry Plains," where they remained 
until the 21st, suffermg severely from want of food and clothing, 
the rations being " six spoonfuls of flour a day for seven days, 
and what corn coidd he 'picked up from under the feet of mules 
and horses ;" clothing all tattered and torn, and hardly enough 
to decently cover them. 

We have read of the sufferings and privations of our [Revolu- 
tionary fathers in their struggle to establish this Government, and 
little did we think that the present generation would witness those 
scenes so oft repeated in this our struggle to maintain that 
government. But so it was to be ; and as the trials of those 
old heroes were only equalled by their patriotic devotion to their 
noble cause, so have these, our sons and brothers, proved that 
they were worthy descendants of them. 

The Thirty-Sixth remained in Eastern Tennessee from this time 
imtil March 21st, engaged in picket duty, frequent reconnoisances, 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 09 

and occasional skirmishes. On the 21st of March, 1864, tho 
Regiment commenced its march over the mountains to Nicholasvillc, 
Kj., distant one hundred ninety-eight miles, where it arrived 
April 1st, thus averaging a march of about twenty miles per daj. 
April 2d it took the cars for Annapolis, where it arrived on the 
6th. Here the Regiment was new clothed and well fed, and 
began to enjoy a little rest after their severe winter campaign ; 
but this was of short duration, for on the 23d it vras ordered to 
march to Alexandria, where it arrived April 25th, thence on the 
27th, to Fairfax Court House. 

On the 6th of May the Regiment was agiin called to battle. 
The " Wilderness" is a name which even now fills us with horror. 
The Regiment acquitted itself nobly, charging the enemy three 
times Avith a loss of two officers, and sixty-two men killed and 
wounded. 

In the battle of Spottsylvania on the 12th, the Regiment was 
engaged and lost still more heavily. Officers killed, two ; men 
killed, twenty ; officers and men wounded, fifty-seven. From 
Spottsylvania to the Pammikey river the Regiment was in various 
skirmishes, but the loss was slight. At " Coal Harbor" on June 
8d, a severe battle was fjught, and the loss was two officers 
and forty-five men killed and wounded. On the 12th the Regi- 
ment marched for the James River, and arrived before Petersbursr 
June 16th. On the 17th they charged the enemy's works, and 
captured four cannon, and four hundred and fifty prisoners. The 
loss was small considering the advantage gained, being nineteen 
in killed and wounded. From June 18th to August 19th, the 
Regiment remained in the rifle pits losing some twenty men 
picked ofi" by the rebel sharpshooters. The Regiment then 
marched to the Weldon Railroad, and on the SOth of September 
was engaged at " Poplar Grove Church." The loss was one 
officer and thirteen men killed and wounded. The Thirty-Sixth 
remained in that vicinity through the remainder of the year, doing 
picket duty in the rifle pits at the front. 



70 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

The Regiment remained In the vicinitj of Petersburg constantly 
on active duty, until April 1st, I860. On the night of April 
3d the rebels evacuated the fortifications around Petersburg, and 
our army was immediately put in motion in pursuit of the retreat- 
ing enemy. The Thirty-Sixth marched down the South Side 
Railroad through Nottaway Court House to Jetters Station, 
reaching that point on the morning of the 7th, the enemy being 
some ten to fifteen miles in advance. On the 8th "Rias Station" 
"was reached and the Regiment went into camp. On the 9tli 
the Regiment received orders to proceed to Farmville, ten miles 
distant, to relieve the provost guard at that place. Arriving 
there at about noon the Regiment relieved the guards and took 
charge of the large numbers of prisoners which had been 
captured. 

Lieutenant Colonel Barker was appointed Provost Marshal, and 
the Regiment remained here until April 27th, when it was 
relieved, and ordered to rejoin its brigade at City Point. April 
27th it started by steamer, for Alexandria, where it arrived on 
the 28th, and went into camp near Fort Lyons where it remained 
until June 8th, when it was mustered out of service, and started 
for Readville, Mass. It arrived in Massachusetts, June 10th, 
and had a hearty public reception by the citizens of Worcester, 
June 13th, after Avhich the Regiment was furloughed until June 
21st, when it assembled at Readville, where it was paid ofi" and 
discharged. 



HISTORY OF THE FIETY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

The next call upon ns for troops was for nine months men. 
This call was issued in August, 1862. Fitchburg responded with 
fr\yo full companies, which were recruited in a very few days. The 
excitement was intense, and great interest was manifested by all 
of our citizens in Ming up these two companies. 

On Sunday August 24th. after the usual church services, a 
war meeting was held in the Town Hall to assist in the good 
work. It was addressed by Dr. Putnam of Roxbury, the clergy- 
men of the town, and others, and a marked effect was produced 
upon all present. On the afternoon of the next day all places of 
business were closed, and the citizens generally devoted their 
energies to the business of recruiting. A procession was formed 
and marched through the streets to the music of drum and fife 
to the Common, where patriotic addresses were made by various 
citizens, and the result of the day's work was the addition of 
many recruits to the ranks of the two companies which were soon 
filled to overflowing. A Town Meeting was called August 30th, 
to see what should be done for these new recruits hi the way of 
bounties, and it was unanimously voted to pay them one hundred 
dollars, each as will be seen by the following copy of the vote. 

' ' Voted, That the Town pay the sum of One Hundred dollars to each 
of the nine months volunteers who shall be mustered into the United 
States service, who are inhabitants of this town at the time, but not to 
exceed in all, the sum of Twenty Thousand dollars." 

The two companies left for camp at Groton Junction, the last 
•week in September. 

We give below their respective rolls: 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLIOJST. 



ROLL OF CO. A, FIFTr-THIRD REGIMENT M. V. 
CO?vIMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain, EUGENE T. MILES, Fitcbburg. 
1st Lieut., George G. Nutting, Fitcbburg. 

Id Lieut., D. W. TuTTLB, FitcbbuFg. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES, 



SERGEANTS. 

Bailey George H., Fitcbburg. 
Chancy William B., Fitcbburg. 
Farrar Epliraiin E., Fitcbburg. 
Taft Jerome K., Fitcbburg. 
Tourtellot Albert D., Fitcbburg, 

CORPORALS. 

Bruce John F., Fitcbburg. 
Connor Cbarlcs P., Fitcbburg. 
Eaton WiUiani II., Fitcbburg. 
Green Andrew J., Fitcbburg. 
Hale Frederick A., Fitcbburg. 
Kendall Gilbert B., Fitcbburg. 
Simonds William H., Fitcbburg. 
Spencer Edward H., Fitcbburg. 

MUSICIANS. 

Atberton Edwin O., Fitcbburg. 
Carter Charles W., Clinton, 

PRIVATES. 

Alvord Francis A., Fitcbburg. 
Barnum Alonzo P., Fitcbburo-. 
Bartlett Thomas, Fitchburg. 
Bemis Daniel W., Fitcbburg. 
Booth John II., Fitcbburg. 
Bowen Peer M , Fitcbburg. 
Brown Joseph W., Fitcbburg. 
Brown Charles H., Fitcbburg. 
Bardeen William S., Fitcbburg. 
Battles Charles P., Fitcbburg. 
Bartlett James F., Fitcbburg. 
Carlton Merrill, Fitcbburg. 
Caldwell Charles li., Fitcbburg. 
Caldwell William M., Fitcbburg. 
Cburcbell Horace M., Fitcbburo-. 
Ihiley James. Fitcbburg. 
Daisy Henry H., Fitcbburg. 
Dinnun Patrick, Fitcbburg. 
Farrar Francis F.. Fitcbburg. 



Farrar Morris, Fitcbburg. 
Fl^nm Patrick, Fitcbburg. 
Forrester Arthur, Fitcbburg. 
Farwell Edmund P., Fitcbburg. 
Gates Edvnn, Fitcbburg. 
Gates Eugene, Westminster. 
Green Henry D., Fitcbburg. 
Griswold Albert, Fitcbburg. 
Harrington Mason R., Fitcbburg. 
Harrin2;ton Cornelius, Fitchbur";. 
Harris Charles T., Westminster, 
Harris Edwin A , Fitcbburg. 
Hastino;s John M., Fitcbburg. 
Hartshorn George F., Fitcbburg. 
Ilartwell James A., Fitcbbiirg. 
Ilarwood Junius, Fitcbburg. 
Henry William E., Fitcbburg. 
Hitchcock Alfred 0., Fitcbburg. 
Hill Francis D., Fitcbburg. 
Harrington David A., Fitcbburg. 
Jewett Forestus M., Lunenburg. 
Jaquith Isaac P., Fitcbburg. 
Kempton Alpbonzo, Fitcbburg. 
Kendall J. Henry, Fitcbburg. 
Lesure Thomas G., Fitcbburg, 
Livermore Ozro J., Fitcbburg. 
Mclntire, Albert, Fitcbburg. 
Parkhurst Boardman, Fitcbburg. 
Pratt Henry T., Fitchburg. 
Russell Charles T., Fitcbburg. 
Ray Francis N., Fitchburg. 
Roach John, Fitchburg. 
Rock Charles, Fitchburg. 
Robinson Amory, Fitcbburg. 
Russell Francis C, Fitchburg. 
Sawyer Alvin M., Fitchburg. 
Sawyer George A., Fitchburg. 
Spaulding Josiah, Fitchburg. 
Stickncy Alvin O., Fitchburg. 
Stewart Charles W., Fitchburg. 
Shattuck William H., Fitchburg. 



FITCHBUKG IN THE REBELLION. 



7a 



Thomas Orin A., Fitchburg. 
Thompson Lysander F., Fitchburg. 
Tohnan Thomas W., Fitchburg. 
Underwood Edward M., Fitchburg. 
Upham N. Bradlee, Fitchburg. 
Wellington Harvey H., South Adams. 
Wetherbee William H., Fitchburg. 
Wheeler Horace E., Fitchburg. 
Wheeler William C, Fitchburg. ' 
Whitcomb Henry F., Fitchburg. 
Whitman Waldo, Fitchburg. 



Whittemore Alfred, Fitchburg. 
Wiley Robert G., Fitchburg. 
Winthrop Hubert W., Fitchburg. 
Woodbury Oscar F. Fitchburg. 
Woodward Frederick F., Fitchburg. 
Works George F., Fitchburg. 
Woodbury Henry S., Fitchburg. 
Wooldridge William, Fitchburg. 
Works Frederick L., Fitchburg. 
Winchester George G., Fitchburg. 
Wyman Jackson, Fitchburg. 



EOLL OF CO. B, FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT M. V. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain— JON AS> COREY, Fitchburg. 
ls( Lieut. — Carlos B. Wilson, Fitchb'urg. 

2d Lieut. — Oscar A. Battles, Ashby. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 



&ERGEANTS. 

Belcher Alfred W., Fitchburg. 
Eddy Amasa T., Fitchburg. 
Gilmore D. Alfred, Fitchburg. 
Jaquith Levi L., Fitchburg. 
Nutting J. Q. A., Fitchburg. 

corporals. 

Clark James E , Fitchburg. 
Farmer Sherborn B., Fitchburg. 
Gill Frank C, Fitchburg. 
Gould Alonzo, Fitchburg. 
Hosmore Stephen C, Fitchburg. 
Leonard Elbridge G., Fitchburg. 
Mecorney John L., Fitchburg. 
Stevens Samuel, Fitchburg;. 

MUSICIANS. 

Eaton Abel, Fitchburg. 
Vanderford James, Fitchburg. 

PRIVATES. 

Aldrich Nathan H., Fitchburg. 
Atkinson Jos. P., Fitchburg. 
Arnold Charles F., Fitchburg. 
Bigelow Calvin A., Fitchburg. 
Browning Silas W., Fitchburg. 



Bacon Joseph E., Fitchburg. 
Bagley Charles H., Fitchburg. 

Bagley Moses, Fitchburg. 
Brooks Alfred L., Westminster. 
Black Charles K., Fitchburg. 
Blanch ard Benjamin, Fitchburg. 
Bickford Charles, Gardner. 
Bickford William , Gardner. 
Boutelle Warren P., Fitchburg. 
Brigham Henry D. , Fitchburg 
Brown George E., Lunenburg. 
Chase Alvin B., Fitchburg. 
Cochran Nathaniel I., Fitcliburg. 
Coburn Manley, Fitchburg. 
Cady Franklin 0., Lunenburg. 
Cushing Charles G., Ashby. 
Childs J. Ward, Fitchburg. 
Clark Eber F., Fitchburg. 
Cochran Edward L. P., Fitchburg;. 
Demsay John C, Fitchburg. 
Drake Jason W., Fitchburg. 
Danby John, Fitchburg. 
French Increase H., Fitchburg. 
Farmer 0. Franklin, Fitchburg. 
Farrell William H., Fitchburg. 
French Leavitt P., Ashby. 
Farnsworth John M.. Fitchbure; 



10 



74 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLIOiY. 



Foster Ai, Asliby. 
Goodrich Ilarri.son, Fitcliburg. 
Gibson Luther R., Fitehburg. 
Gould Austin K., Fitchbur"-. 
Garfield Silas, Fitehburg. 
Harris William H., Fitehburo-. 
Hayward II. Porter, Fitehburg. 
Heraenway Frank F., Fitehburg. 
Harrington John N., Fitchburg\ 
Hayward Joel A., Ashby. 
Hadley Alvah A., Fitehburg. 
Hill Thomas, Fitehburg. 
Holt Lyman W. , Ashby. 
Howard George A., Lunenburg. 
Kemp John, Fitehburg. 
Kendall George F., Ashby. 
Miller Charles E., Fitehburg. 
Marshall Benj. F., Lunenburg. 
Marsh Thomas, Fitehburg. 
Marshall George E., Fitehburg. 
Miuot Edwin H , Fitehburg. ° 
Morse William G., Fitehburg. 
Minot Hiram P., Fitehburo-, 



Mace Henry W.,« Fitehburg. 

Miller Gilbert F.,' Boylston. 

O'Herne James, Boylston. 

Parker Alonzo, Fitehburo-. 

Partridge Harlan P. , Fitdiburg. 

Powers Frederick W. , Fitehburg. 

Parker Levi, Lunenburg. 

Sabin George F., Fitehburg. 

Sawin John, Ashby. 

Spooner Solon W. , Fitehburg. 

Tucker Richard, Fitchburf>-. 

Tileston George F., Fitehburg. 

Wallis Samuel, Lunen])uro-. 

Wyraan Bradley H.. Fitcliburg. 

Wright Amasa, Ashby. 
Wheeler Henry M. , Ashljy . 
Wheeler Erastus O.. Jr., Ashby. 
Willard Herbert, AshJjy. 
Wheeler Francis S., Ashby. 
Wright Levis., Ashby. 
Wright George W., Ashby. 
Wilsey Albert C, Fitehburg. 
Wiley Benjamin K., Fitehburo-. 



We proceed to give the Mstorj of the Fifty-Third Regiment, of 
which these two companies were a portion, and of which Colonel J. 
W. Kimball of this town, was the commander. 

Upon assuming the command of the Regiment, Col. K. was the 
recipient of a fine horse and set of ecpiipments from a few of his 
friends, upon the occasion of which the following correspondence 
took place : 



" CoL. John W. Kimball :— We, the undersigned, your fellow towns- 
men and personal friends, on the eve of your departure, with higher rank 
and added honors, for further service in your country's cause, beg of vou 
the acceptance of the horse and trappings accompanying this letter, not as 
any measure of our regard for you, but as a slight testimonial of our 
admiration for those soldierly and manly qualities which have already 
gained for you an honored name in the history of the war. We know 
that you will believe us, when we say that this is no empty tribute to 
position and office, but the expression of a regard as sincere and warm 
us It IS merited. When the courage and glorious conduct of the regiment 
which you have led through so many trying .scenes of patient endurance 



FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 75 

and bloody conflict have attracted tlio attention and elicited the applause 

of a whole nation who laicw nothing of it but its name, it would he 

strano-e indeed if the hearts of those who have been associated with the 

gallant men of that regiment and its noble leader, in the intimate, private 

and social relations of neighbors and friends, did not thrill at the recital 

of its splendid record. To those who have nobly fallen in the strife to 

sustain a nation's honor and a country's name, we have endeavored to 

do such homage as to show that we hold their names in grateful and 

reverent remembrance. Let us, also, have the satisfaction of testifying to 

the living heroes in this conflict, our deep appreciation of the self-sacri- 

ficin"- and devoted spirit which has conducted them through the path of 

duty to an undying fame. 

We have entrusted to your custody and command a new draft from 

our best and freshest blood, and we feel that we could commit it to no 

safer or more conscientious care. Accept for yourself, and for the young 

men who oo from us with you, our best wishes and our sincere hope for 

a safe and honorable return to our midst at the termination of your 

appointed service. 

(Sioucd) ALVAH CROCIvER, 

EBENEZEK TORREY, 

T. K. WARE, 

L. H. BRADEORD, 

And 39 others. 



COLONEL KIMBALL'S REPLY. 

"Hon. Alvaii Crocker, Hon. Ebenezer Toreey, T.K.Ware, L. H. 

Bradford, Esfjuires, and others. 

Gentlemen: — With feelings of the deepest gratitude I accept the gift 
of the noble horse and beautiful trappings so generously and kindly pro- 
vided for mc by your exertions and liberality. Accept my earnest and 
most sincere thanks for the same. I shall prize the gift more highly 
because it came unexpectedly, and from old and tried friends whom I 
have loved, honored and respected for many years. In accepting this 
testimonial, I do so, feeling that it is given not to reward me, but to 
show that my services in the field during the past few months are appre- 
ciated and recognized by you. If I have done aught that my friends at 
home feel is worthy of notice, I am well repaid for the dangers, priva- 
tions and hardships to which I have been, with others, exposed. I claim 
nothing for myself. I have only done the duty which I owed to my 
country and to my fellow citizens. 

If the noble old regiment, (the Fifteenth,) which I have had the 
honor of connnanding for the past seven months, has earned and won for 



76 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

itself a name worthy of record, and a place in history, it is to them that 
the honor belongs, and not to nie, for it was the united determination 
of officers and men to do their duty at all times and under all circum- 
stances, that has earned for them honorably and justly, the name and 
the fame which they have acquired. 

I need not remind you of the sufferings they have endured without a 
murmur, and the great sacrifice of life in behalf of their country, which has 
so fearfully thinned their ranks. It has been very great indeed ; the dust 
of many a brave soldier of the Fifteenth hallows the hillsides and valleys 
of Virginia and Maryland, and that ground, though held by traitorous 
hands, is still saered, and dear to us ; and by the memories of the noble 
dead now sleeping their last sleep far away from their friends and homes, 
let us pursue this war more vigorously and earnestly to an early and 
successful termination ; by the memories of the heroes who fell at Ball's 
Bluff, Fair Oaks and Antietam, as well as of those who have passed 
away none the less honorably because not in battle, we must, we will 
conquer. 

In leaving you, to take my new command, it is fitting that I should 
say a word of the men who compose tliis new regiment. I found them 
to be men who have left their homes mostly from a patriotic sense of 
duty — men who are worthy of the Old Bay State. It will be my 
constant endeavor to watch over and care for them, and if my past 
experience is of any value, it is theirs freely and cheerfully. 

I make no promises for the future, except that we shall at all times 
endeavor to do our duty to the best of our ability, keejjing in view the 
noble cause in which we are engaged, and remembering that our friends 
at home are watching our course with great anxiety and deep solicitude, 
and praying for our success and safe return. 

Thanking you again for this kind remembrance, and hoping to be able 
to show you that I highly appreciate this expression of your confidence 
and esteem, I have the honor to remain, 

Most respectfully, your ob't servant, 

JOHN W. KIMBALL, Col. Fifty-Third Reg't." 

This Regiment was recruited mainly from the towns comprising 
the northerly portion of Worcester County, during the months of 
August and September, 1862, and was encamped at " Camp Stevens," 
Groton Junction. It was mustered into the service of the United 
States, October 17th. Colonel Kimball assumed command on the 
29th of November, and on the same day the Regiment started for 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 77 

New York to join Banks' expedition for the South. Upon its arrival 
at New York, it was ordered to " Camp Banks," L. I., where it 
remained less than one week, ])nt suffered much from tlio inclemencj 
of the weather, it being excessively cold, and having been furnished 
with shelter tents only for protection of the men. Upon a proper 
representation of ftcts being made at Head-quarters, the Regiment 
was transferred to Franklin Street Barracks, N. Y., where it remained 
SLX weeks. It may be proper to add tiiat at the end of two weeks, 
the Regiment was ordered aboard the steamer Mississippi, to sail for 
its Southern destination, but from the fact of there being so much 
sickness among the men, it was not deemed advisable by the medical 
authorities to proceed to sea. The Regiment, in its exposure upon 
Long Island, had contracted much disease. The "scarletina" had 
become an epidemic among the men, and was increasing to an alarm- 
ing extent. The Regiment was therefore ordered to disembark and 
return to the old quarters, where it remained until a comparatively 
healthy condition was again restored, and finally set sail on the 
steamer " Continental," January 17th, 1863, and after a very tem- 
pestuous and perilous voyage of twelve days, putting in for one day at 
Key West, reached the city of New Orleans January 30th, and at 
once went into camp at Carrolton, six miles from the city, and l^ecame 
a part of the Third Brigade, Third Division of the Nineteenth Corps. 
It remained at this point six weeks, the time being employed in bring- 
ing it to proficiency in drill and discipline. On the 6th of March 
the Fifty-Third embarked on board the steamer Crescent for Baton 
Rouge, arriving next day, and encamped three miles below the city 
in a beautiful Magnoha grove. On the 12th of March it was ordered 
on a reconnoissance up the river. It embarked upon two steamers, 
and under convoy of the gunboat "Albatross," moved up the river 
five miles, where a landing was effected. With an escort of eighteen 
cavalrymen, it proceeded cautiously across the country about one and 
a half miles to the Bayou Sara road, where it encountered and drove 
in the enemy's pickets. Returning, as per orders by the Bayou Sara 
road, it arrived at Baton Rouge the same afternoon, driving in a 
number of fine cattle. 



78 I'lTOIIBIIRG IN THE REIiELLK)^. 

On tlic evening of the 13tli it marclicd -with tlie Division in tlio 
expedition to Port Hudson ; and on the afternoon of the 14th arrived 
at a point three miles from that place, Avhere it was ordered to hivouac. 
This was the night of the bombardment and successful passage of a 
portion of the fleet past the formidable batteries of Port Hudson, a 
feat with bat few parallels in naval history. The men slept upon their 
arms, expecting to be ordered at any moment to join in the attack 
by the land forces upon the enemy's works. Morning came, but no 
attack was made, A General Order from head-quarters of General 
Banks announced " that the object of the expedition had been accom- 
plished," and the whole army was at once put in motion towards 
Baton IlouGfe. 

O 

The Third Division was halted and went into camp five miles out of 
the city, where it remained until ^Rlarch 20th. In the meantime the 
Regiment took part in a vecomioissancc up the Clinton road some 
five or six miles, but with no important results. On the 20th the 
Division marched to Baton Rouge, and the Fifty-Third returned to 
its old camp and remained there until April 1st, when it was ordered 
with the rest of the Division to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, where 
it arrived the next day, and remained until April 9th, vfhen it took 
passage in the cars for Brashear City, to join m the movement 
through the " Teche country." The Regiment marched April 11th, 
arriving at Pattorsonvillo, eight miles distant, at seven o'clock P. M. 
On the next day at noon, moved forward about two miles, when the 
advance encountered tlie enemy's pickets. A brisk skirmish of some 
two hours followed, Avhen (the enemy being pushed back) the line of 
march was again resumed, and continued for about two miles, when 
a sharp fire was opened from the batteiies of the enemy, which were 
protected by a formidable line of earth works. A vigorous artillery 
battle ensued which lasted until dark. The Regiment, though under 
fire, suffered no casualties. 

This was the first experience of the Regiment under fire. All the 
afternoon we liad been making our way along with the sharp crack of 
the skirmishers' rifles in our immediate front, the heavier reports of 



FITCIIBUIIG IN TUE REBELLION. ' 79 

tlie batteries which were " feehng the woods " in our advance, which 
with the lurid flames and heavj smoke from the burning buildings 
which the rebels had in their flight set on fire, or which our shells 
had ignited wherever thej interfered with the range of our 
guns, rendered the march a very exciting one. This was all a new 
experience, not unexpected, but highly suggestive of Avhat might be 
looked for on the morrow. The men laid down in line of battle, 
expecting that early dawn vfould summon them to the conflict. At 
day-light next morning firing was again opened upon us from the bat- 
teries of the enemy, and there was every appearance of hot work for 
us before the day closed. After remaining in support of a battery a 
short time, we were ordered to cross the Bayou to join in the attack 
upon the other side. The trying moment was at last upon us ; we 
were to be involved in the "clash of arms " which was soon to take 
place, and the result, who could tell ? 

Our men seemed calm and determined. How would they bear 
themselves in their first battle ? 

We crossed the " Teche " — Oh, how fair and beautiful everything 
in nature looked that morning — How pleasant seemed this life, per- 
haps to be laid down ere the day should close ! Never shone the sun 
brighter ; never looked the running stream so pure and lovely ; never 
seemed the verdure, wet with the dew of morning, so charming; 
never sung the birds more sweetly. 

Can we give up all these scenes, and calmly yield up life here, m 
this strange land, far away from homo and friends, perhaps to bo 
buried and sleep forever in a nameless grave ? Yes ; even this for 
our country. 

" We must forget all feelings save the one — 
We must resign all passions save our purpose — 
We must behold no object save our Country, 
And only look on death as beautiful, 
So that the sacrifice ascend to heaven, 
And draw dov.m freedom on her evermore." 

AVith feelings akin to these, many noble men marched to the battle 
that day — some to their graves. We press rapidly towards the front. 



80 FITCUBURG IN THE REBELLIOX, 

passing the dead and wounded as iliey are brought to the rear. But 
such scenes do not appal us now. We have chosen our lot and have 
no regrets. We have put on the " armor of battle" and with a firm 
trust in Providence, are ready fur the conflict. 

We soon reached the front, and Avere ordered to lie down in line of 
battle as a reserve. Several hours Avcrc spent here, with nothing to 
be done but listen to the screaming of the shells as they passed over 
our heads, and the rattle of musketiy in front. At last, at 3 P. M., 
we were ordered forward to relieve the Thirty-Eighth Mass. Reg't, 
and to move in skirmish line " directly upon the woi-ks." We were 
thus engaged under a heavy fii-e of musketry and shells for five hours, 
until darkness prevented fm-ther operations, gradually advancing to 
within one himdred and twenty-five yards of the enemy's works, 
which point we beld through the night, being in advance of any other 
regiment. During the night there were unmistakable signs- of evac- 
uation by the enemy, and Colonel Kimball at once gave notice of the 
same at Division and Corps Headquarters, but no orders were sent 
him. In the morning, just at daylight, he caused Captam Stratton 
and ten men to move forward to draw the fii'e of the enemy, if still 
there, but no evidence of tlie same appearing, the Avhole Regiment 
was at once moved forward, and in a few moments had possession of 
the works, and notice of the same was sent to headquarters immedi- 
ately. " Fort Bisland " was ours, and the flag of the Fifty-Third the 
first to be planted upon its ramparts. 

The Regiment lost in this action one oflScer and thirteen privates 
killed and wounded. On this day fell the brave Lieutenant Nutting, 
in command of Company A, while gallantly leading on his men. 

On the next day the Fifty-Third was ordered to reconnoitre the left 
bank of the Teche, to Franklin, distant ten miles, while the rest of the 
army movetl up on the other side of the river in pursuit of the fleeing 
rebels. AVith an escort of a few cavalrymen, it proceeded cautiously 
along the country, across the fields and by plantation roads, and 
reached Franklm about dark, and joined the main body again, driving 
in about one hundred head of beef cattle, mules and horses. On 



J 



FITClIBUKtJ IN THE KEBELLION. 81 

the 15th the pursuit of the retreating foe was resumed, and vigor- 
ously prosecuted during the succeeding days, harassing his rear 
and capturing hundreds of " demoralized prisoners." Opelousas 
was reached on the evening of the 20th. The march had been a most 
fatiguing one, and the roads diy and dusty, but the men stood it 
like " veterans," and wcrc in high spirits over the victory and the 
complete rout of the enemy. 

The army rested at Opelousas for two weeks, the time being 
employed in drill and the ordinary picket duty. 

On the 5th of May the march Vvas resumed for Alexandria, 
one hundred miles distant, which was accomplished in four days, 
arrivins; on the evenin"; of the 8th. The remnant of the rebel 
force, some fifteen hundred or two thousand of the five thousand 
we had fought at " Bisland," were driven far beyond Alexandria, 
when the pursuit was abandoned, and the army, by a very rapid 
movement was marched one hundred miles to Port Hudson, crossing 
the Mississippi at Bayou Sara. The Fifty-Third was left at Simes- 
port on the " Atchafalaya," for guard duty for two days, when 
it embarked on the " Laurel Hill," sailed to Bayou Sara, and 
marched twelve miles to Port Hudson, arriving on the 22d of 
May, upon which day the investment of the place was made 
complete, our lines having joined those of another force, moved up 
from Baton Bouge. 

May 24th the Third Division moved toward Port Hudson. The 
Fifty-Third was detailed by order of General Paine as guard for 
the engineer corps and led the column. After proceeding about 
two miles aixl entering the woods, the scouts reported a force of 
the enemy's skirmishers just in front. The Regiment was at 
once moved forward, aiKl three companies, thrown out as skirmish- 
ers, soon became engaged with the enemy and succeeded in driving 
them back, which enabled the engineers to proceed in their labors. 
An examination of the ground induced them to abandon this route 
for another a little to the eastward, upon A\:hich the march was 
11 



82 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

resumed. The Regiment took a position for the night in a piece of 
woods bordering a large open field. 

Just before dark Generals Banks, Grover, Paine and Weitzel with 
their staffs rode forward to reconnoitre. As thej emerged from the 
woods they received a volley from the rebels in the edge of the woods 
opposite, but fortunately all escaped injury. The Regiment was 
immediately got into position to repel an attack, but none was made. 
Five companies of the Regiment were posted on picket for the night, 
as it was considerable distance from any support. In the morning it 
was ordered to join the Brigade, and at one o'clock P. M., moved 
forward to the front, where the skirmishers were actively engaged. 
Arriving in their vicinity, the Fifty-Third formed in line of battle in 
support of the Ninety-First New York in the front line, which 
regiment it relieved at dark by order of General Paine, who 
accompanied his order with the complimentary remark that " he 
wanted tJiis Regiment, because he knew he could depend upon it 
to hold the position through the night," though he knew the 
regiment had been on picket duty for the two preceding nights. 
Six companies were deployed in skirmish line and two held in 
reserve. Soon after taking position, an unfortunate accident 
occurred. The enemy having suddenly opened fire, it was 
quickly returned by two New York regiments in the rear, thus 
bringing the Fifty-Third between two fires. Fortunately, the 
firing soon ceased and the line remained unbroken, and but fcAV 
casualties had occurred. It was here that Captain George H. 
Bailey of tliis town, lost his life. He was a brave officer and 
beloved by all. He had received his appointment as Captain of 
Co. A but one week before, and survived its previous commander 
(Nutting,) only six weeks. The position was held during the night, 
and after repulsing an attack of the enemy upon the left in the 
morning, the Regiment was relieved and passed to the rear. 

May 27th was the day of the first general attack upon the 
works at Port Hudson. The Regiment was ordered to be in 
readiness to move forward at five o'clock A. M., at which time they 



MTCHBUlia IN THE REBELLION. 83 

stood ill line and were briefly addressed bj Colonel Kimball, wlio 
told them that hard work was before them but that he should expect 
every man would do his duty and obey strictly his orders. That 
if they were ordered to charge and take a battery, he expected 
them to do it, and asked if he could rely upon them in every 
emergency, when a hearty " yes" was shouted along the whole 
line. There is something very sublime in a scene like this ; these 
heroic men standing there in the woods, on that beautiful May 
morning, perhaps the last they might ever see, listening to their 
Colonel's words, and waiting for the order to move forward into 
the fight. The writer well remembers that as he passed down 
the whole line and looked into the faces of the men, and' saw 
nothing written there but dogged determination and calm resigna- 
tion, that he received fresh inspiration for himself from the sight. 

The Regiment was ordered forward at five and a half o'clock A. 
M., and moved in line of battle in rear of the Thirty-Eighth Massa- 
chusetts, and was soon under fire of shot and shell. The enemy was 
pressed steadily back and was soon driven inside his fortifications. 
The Regiment was moved to the front and supported the First 
Maine and Bainbridge's Batteries for two hours, when it was 
again ordered to the front line of skirmishers to relieve the Ninety- 
First New York, then holding a position at the brow of a hill 
witliin sixty yards of tli'e rebel works, which point it held until 
the afternoon of the next day, engaging the sharpshooters of the 
enemy. The loss up to this time had been thirty killed and 
wounded. 

June 1st the regiment relieved the Fourth Wisconsin, (occupy- 
ing rifle pits at the front) which was accomphshed without casu- 
alty at eight o'clock, P. M., which position it occupied until June 
4th, losing five men killed and wounded. On the 5th it marched 
at half past four, A. M., as a part of the expedition to Clinton. 

This march Avas an unusually severe one, on account of the 
intense heat. Several severe cases of sun-stroke occurred in the 
regiment on the first day. The expedition occupied four days, and 
resulted in driving the enemy from Clinton, without a fight. 



84 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Arriving back at Port Hudson on the evening of the 8th, it 
rested quiet until the 13th, on the evening of which day orders 
were given to join in the assault upon the fortifications of the en- 
emy the next morning at three o'clock. The plan of the assault 
was promulgated to the troops who were to engage in it, in a gen- 
eral order detailing the position of each regiment, and the duties 
it Avas to perform. 

As a matter of curiosity to some, the order of battle is sub- 
joined : 

General Orders \ Headquarters Third Divisiox, ^ 

No. C4. j Before Port Hudson, \- 

June Vlth, 1863. ) 

COLUMN OF ATTACK. 

8th New Hampshire. (Skirmishers.) 4th Wisconsin. 



INTERVALS 2 PACES. 

Five Companies 4th Mass., and 110th N. Y., with hand grenades. 





38th Mass. (Skirmishers.) 53d Mass. 






INTERVALS 4 PACES. 

Eour Companies 3d Brigade, with 400 cotton bags. 









3d Brigade 



2d Brigade. 



1st Brigade. 



50 Pioneers to level parapet for Artillery. 
Artillery. 



Nims' Battery. 



FITCIIBURG IN TilE llEBELLION. 85 

isi. The hand grenade men carry their rifles on their l.^acks, and carry 
each, one grenade. They marcli tln-ee paces in rear of the line of sku'mish- 
ers. Having thrown their grenades, they go in as skirmishers. 

Hd. The cotton bag bearers niarcli at the head of colnnm, two hundred 
paces in rear of skirmishers. They ^11 the ditch to Company front. Having 
deposited their bags, they take arms and march at head of column. 

^d. The whole movement will be in quick time. No dou])le quick. 
But in case the skirmishers encounter batteries which tliey can take by a 
double quick advance, they will move in that step. 

Ath. The skirmishers will clamber u}3on the parapet, followed by the 
hand grenades, which will be thrown over into the works as soon as the skir- 
mishers are on the outer edge of the parapet. The skirmishers will then rusli 
in and gain ground forward, fighting, lying down, &c. &c., according to 
circumstances. 

bth. As soon as the column is within the works, each Brigade will fonu 
their line of battle, and lie down until the Artilleiy is brouglit up, unless 
circumstances should necessitate different orders. 

tj j' rJ(Have to do with the duties of officers.) 

Sth. The men will carry two days' rations of hard bread in their haver- 
sacks, forty rounds of ammunition in their cartridge boxes, and twenty rounds 
in their pockets. Their knapsacks will be left in camp under guard of con- 
valescents. 

By order of Brig. Gen. Paine. 
(Signed) 

Geo. W. Durgix, Jr., A. A. A. G. 



The plan looked very well upon paper, and seemed feasible. 
All saw that there was hard work to be done ; that the strugfrle 
■would be indeed desperate, but hoped it might be short, and that 
those who survived could rejoice in a complete victorj. Thousands 
of men laid down to rest that Saturday night with the sad reflec- 
tion that it might be their last on earth ; yet they slept sweetly, 
as the tired soldier always will who puts his trust in God and the 
justice of his cause. 

Sunday morning, the ever memorable June 14th, came, and just 
before daylight the Regiment was moved noiselessly forward to the 
point of assault and took its position in rear of the Thirty-Eighth 
Massa<3husetts, and in support of the Eighth New Hampshire and 



8(3 FITCHliUUG IN THE RE13ELLI0X. 

Fourtli Wisconsin deployed as sldrmishers. The rebels soon dis- 
covered the movement and fiercely poured forth their fire. The line 
moved forward with great steadiness under a tremendous fire of 
shot, shell and musketry, the whole being led and directed by the 
gallant General Paine, and when witliin one hundred yards of the 
works a charge by the four regiments was ordered. 

The line sprang forward with alacrity, advancing at double-quick 
close up to the works, ^^ith wild cheering and enthusiasm which 
promised well for veterans. But the supports did not come up and 
they were not strong enough to carry the works. A few entered 
and were captured, and the rest repulsed, were obliged to fall 
back to the foot of the ridge vipou which the works were located, 
where by "hugging the ground," comparative safety was secured. 
Here, exposed to the fire of the sharpshooters, they were obliged to 
lie in the hot sun through that long midsummer day, unable to 
extricate themselves from the position, or to even get off the suffer- 
ing wounded, until darkness came to theii- relief No attempt was 
made during the day to rally for another charge, or to bring up 
troops for their support, and to them the day proved a failure, 
and a most disastrous one. The field was lost, but all was not 
lost. The record of the Fifty-Third and the three regiments which 
with them traversed that terrible field, stands out clear, and bright 
and glorious. 

Of the causes of the failure of this assault we have our owa 
views, but do not propose to criticise our superiors. Every one 
acquainted with modern warfare, know\s the difficulties of success- 
fully carrying a charge in the face of such strong fortifications as 
these Avere, subjected to a front and enfilading fii-e for a quarter 
of a mile across an open field, every rod of which was obstructed 
by fallen trees, blind ravines and ditches ; and the failiu-e in this 
case was not from any lack of effort, or enthusiasm, on the part 
of the brave General who led it, (and who lost a leg in the action,) 
or the officers and men who followed. The Fifty-Third was liighly 
praised for its behavior upon this occasion, and Colonel Kimball, 
for special gallantry, was recommended for promotion. 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 87 

This assault was a severe cost to the Regiment. About three 
hundred officers and men (eight companies,) went in, of Avhich 
eighty-six were killed and wounded. 

Here fell Captain Taft of this town, the third commanding officer 
of Company A lost in two months. Here also, fell the accom- 
phshed Lieut. Glover, and the genial, generous hearted Lieut. Vose. 
Also, severely wounded. Captains Stratton and the noble, chivalrous 
Washburn ; the latter dying from the effects of his wound fifteen 
months afterwards. Colonel Kimball was slightly wounded on this 
occasion, for the first time in his many battles. The sacrifice did 
indeed seem great, where so httle was accomplished. 

We give beloAT extracts from Colonel Kimball's Official Report : 



" Captain E. II. Forduam, A. A. A. G., 

Sir : I have the honor to report the doings of my com- 
maud in the movement upon Port Hudson, from the 23d of May, to 
the 8th of July. 

On the afternoon of 13th June I received orders to be ready to move 
the next morning at three o'clock, in an assault upon Port Hudson. At 
the time specified I was ordered by Colonel Gooding to move up the 
road in rear of the Thirty-Eighth 3Iass., to the point of attack, and then 
deploy as skirmishers, on the right of that regiment. During the march 
this order was countermanded by one from General Paine, directing me 
to deploy in rear of the Thirty-Eighth Mass., at a distance of ten or 
fifteen paces. This last order was executed by deploying five companies, 
holding three in reserve. We were at this time under fire, though par- 
tially protected by a hedge, behind which the deployment was made. 
At about fifteen minutes past four o'clock orders came to advance in 
quick time, upon the enemy's works, supporting the Thirty- Eighth, who 
were following a line of skirmishers and hand grenades. The men moved 
forward promptly, and, as they passed the hedge, received a terrific 
volley from the enemy who had been made aware of our approach by the 
loud cheering of the first line of skirmishers. They pressed steadily 
forward, keeping as good a line as the nature of the ground, ravines 
and fallen trees would admit, until the centre had reached to within 
twenty yards of the works, when we came upon the first line of skir- 



»» FTTCIIBUllG IN THE llEBELLIO^S^ 

misliers, wlio bad been repulsed and were bolding tliis position. I was 
here' ol)liged to bait on account of tbe broken condition of my line, 
caused by tbe uneven state of tbe ground, and more particularly, tbe 
baiting of tbe Thirty. Eigbtb Mass. at some distance in my rear, wbich 
detained tbe rigbt and left of my line. Tbe rigbt soon came up, passing 
tbe Tliirty-Eiglitb wbose commander had declined to move forward until 
lie received furtlicr orders, tbougb requested so to do by my Adjutant, 
■who had command of tlie rigbt of my line. I immediately went to the 
left of my line to move it up, but found it utterly impossible so to do 
on account of the terrific fire from tbe enemy. At this juncture General 
Paine came up, and after examination of tlie Kne, gave tbe order "to 
charge forward and enter tbe works." I immediately repeated tbe order 
to my regiment, wliieh sprang forward with an alacrity and deter- 
mination worthy of veterans, some of tbe men reaching tbe works and 
foiling at tbe ditch, while others entered and were captured. At this time 
General Paine fell severely wounded, as did also many of my best officers. 
Tbe fire of the enemy was now so terril)lo that it was impossible to advance 
tbe men under it, and we maintained our position close up to tbe works dur- 
ing the day, keeping up a fire upon the enemy, receiving no orders until about 
ten o'clock, P. M., when I was ordered to withdraw and return to my posi- 
tion of the morning, being the last regiment to leave the field. I was able 
to get off all of my wounded, and most of tlie dead. The sufferings of the 
men through this day were severe in the extreme, lying in tbe hot sun, with 
no shelter ; out of water and no chance of obtaining a supply, many of them 
lying in a position wliere any attempt on their part to move would subject 
them to the well-directed fire of the enemy's sharpshooters, rendered their 
condition very critical. They uttered no word of complaint, but all — tbe 
wounded and tbe well, bore their trials with the fortitude of martyrs. My 
loss this day was very severe, especially in officers, as the official list will 
show. We remained at our old camp in the woods until the 19tb, at four 
o'clock P. M., when I was ordered by Colonel Gooding to go to tbe front 
and relieve the Tliirteentb Connecticut, who were supporting Bainbridge 
battery, wbicli position we held luitil tlie surrender of Port Hudson, on the 
Stli of July. In ckising this report, I would take occasion to speak of the 
conduct of my Rogiiueut during this protracted seige. Too much cannot be 
said in praise of both officers and men through all its trying scenes in the 
several engagements with which they were connected, and more especially on 
the occasion of tbe assault of the 14th, when, with unfaltering courage they 
pressed forward to the charge, having one-third of their number stricken 
down. My line officers, without exception, were prompt in tbe execution of 
of my orders, and exhibited an enthusiasm and determination which inspired 
and encouraged the men to brave and gallant conduct, and testimony to this 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 89 

fact 13 shown in tlie loss of Captain Taft, and Lieutenants Vose and Glover, 

and the severe wounds of Captains Washburn, Stratton and Mudge. 

************ 

Accompanying this, I hand you a list of casualties during the seige, in 
their proper order of dates. 

And have the honor to remain, 

Very truly your ob't servant, 
(Signed) JOHN W. KIMBALL, 

Col. Fifty-Third Reg't Mass. Vols." 



Port Hudson surrendered on the 9tli of July, 1863, and on the same 
day the Regiment was ordered on picket duty five miles in rear 
of the town, remaining mitil the 11th, when it marched to Baton 
Rouge. On the 15th it embarked for Donaldson ville, arriving the 
same evening. Here it remained in camp, engaged in drill and 
picket duty until August 2d, when it returned to Baton Rouge 
and remained until the 12th, when it embarked on board steamer 
Meteor, for Cairo, 111., thence to be forwarded by rail to Camp 
Stevens, Massachusetts. It arrived at Cairo August 19th, and at 
Fitchburg August 24th, where a pubhc reception was given the 
regiment, which was then furloughed one week, to report at Camp 
Stevens" August 31st, at which place it was mustered out of the 
service Sept. 2d, by Capt. J. II. Lawrence. 

STATEMENI. 

Onginal strength of Regiment, 950 

Killed in battle, and died of wounds, 33 

Died of disease 132 

Discharged for disability, 53 

Deserted, 22 240 

Mustered out, 710 

It may be added that a very large number returned in a feeble 
condition, and some fifteen or twenty died in a few days after 
reaching home. The chmate of Louisiana had told fearfully upon 
the men. No regiment has ever left the State which lost so many 
men by disease in the same length of time. Indeed, we think 
12 



90 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 

it may be stated as a fact that no regiment from this State has 
suffered more from disease during a three years term of service. 

In closing the report of this Regiment, the writer would say 
that if it is more minute than the records of the others, it is for 
the reason that from his official connection with it, he is able to 
give a more particular account of its career than of others ; and 
the fact that two entire companies of it were contributed by this 
town, would seem to justify a more extended history of its opera- 
tions. All that he claims for it is, that although a Nine Months 
Regiment, t was fully equal to any regiment which ever left 
the State, and he only reiterates the oft-repeated remarks of the 
Generals whose command it was under, when he says : " it ought 
to have been a three years regiment." 

The retrospection to him is a sad one, bringing up as it does 
the trying scenes through which we passed, and the recollections 
of the familiar forms and faces of dear friends now gone forever. 
Their memories arc embalmed in all our hearts. " Requiescent 
in pace." 



HISTORY OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 

On the ITtli of October, 1863, tlie President issued his call 
for three hundred thousand more men, to be furnished by draft 
upon the enrolled men, if volunteers were not furnished before a 
certain time. Our quota was found to be one hundred twenty 
men. Experience had shown that the best method of filling" our 
quotas was to raise a company in town. Accordingly, the requi- 
site authority was obtained, and Captain Levi Lawrence was 
designated to command it. 

Recruits came very slowly, and it was not until the 1st of 
February, that enough men had been procured to muster a Com- 
pany, and get ordered into camp. 

Many public meetings were held. The first meeting we give 
an account of below, taken from the Reveille'. 

" Recruiting at Fitciiburo. — A preliminary nieetiug to make arrange- 
ments for filling the quota of tliis town was held last Saturday evening, 
November 28th. Captain D. H. Merriam was called to the chair. Earnest 
and patriotic speeches were made by Colonel John W. Kimball, Hon. 
Alvah Crocker, Hale W. Page, Esq., and others, after which the meeting 
adjourned to Monday evening of this week. 

On Monday evening a full meeting of the citizens was called to order 
at the Town Hall, by Wm. H. Vose, Esq., and Hon. Alvah Crocker, 
on being elected to preside, addressed the assembly, urging the duty and 
importance of prompt and enthusiastic action in response to the President's 
call for men to aid our brothers in the field, and strike a final blow to 
the rebellion. He was followed by Colonel J. W. Kimball, Rev. George 
Trask, Rev. Mr. Hamilton, Lieut. W. A. Putnam, and others; all calling 
upon our citizens to do their utmost to respond to the liberal offers of 
the National and State governments for recruits. 

A rallying committee of fifty-eight was chosen to canvass the several 
districts of the town." 



92 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

This meeting appears to liavc had but little result, inasmuch as 
recruiting was quite as dull after it as before. A large number 
of our soldiers had just returned from one year's service, and the 
hardships] thej had suffered were patent to all, and we fear that 
the tales of their experience deterred many from enlisting. It 
was soon found that unusual efforts must be put forth. On the 
26th of December another meeting was held, at which a bounty 
of one hundred dollars jier man was offered to every one who 
would enlist. Subsequent to this, meetings were held every evening 
for a fortnight, and some accessions were made to the ranks 
nightly. These meetings were addressed by speakers from abroad, 
as well as by our own citizens ; also, by the soldiers themselves, 
who had enhsted, and who made eloquent appeals to the young 
men of the town to follow their examples. Our people were 
thoroughly awake to the importance of furnishing the requisite 
number of volunteers, before the impending draft should be upon us. 

As evidence of the feehng among some of our women, we sub- 
join the following letter pubhshed in the Reveille January 7th, 1864. 

LETTER FROM " G. E. M." 

'' Fitchburg, Jan. 4, 1864. 

Mr. Editor : I feel a strong desire to reach the ears of the people of 
P., and see no other way but through the press. Will you allow thc^'c 
thoughts a place in your paper? (that is if you deem them worthy.) Why 
is it that we are so slow in obtaining enlistments V Are there no patriots 
here ? Shall we remain at ease while our government is ruined for want of 
assistance ? Our brothers in the field are making fresh sacrifices upon their 
country's altar, while wg — Oh ! shame on us all ! If there is one spark of 
patriotism felt in this town, let it kindle and spread, until there is sufiicient 
to raise the desired number of men. 

True patriotism is not bought with money ; is not aroused by the firing 
of cannon, the ringing of bells, nor the making of bravado speeches, but 
by a cool, calm and deliberate consideration of our country's needs. Are 
not these needs forgotten or dimly seen through the offers of bounty or 
reward ? This should not be. Let us examine what are the demands of 
our government, and then rise in our strength and meet them. Let us hear 



FrrCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 93 

no more flimsy excuses for uot enlisting. ' My wife isn't willing, or I'd go,' 
says one and another. I hope you never go anywhere she isat willing. 

Are we, then, my sisters, the holdhacks we are represented ? Then let us 
rise and nobly do our part. Remember if we suffer in our country's cause, 
we also share in her glor}". Brothers, 

* See ! our spangled banner waves 

High above our brothers' graves ! 
Will ye then be coward slaves, 

Unworthy to be free ? ' 
Up ! and arm you for the fight ! 
Battle for your country's right.' 
Put the traitor foe to flight ! 

God will speed his cause." 

At last the Company was made up, and left for camp at Worcester, 
Februaiy 6th, ISsM, and becamo a part of the Fifty-Seventh Regi- 
ment, of which the Colonel was the gallant William F. Bartlett, 
formerly of the Forty-Ninth, who had already lost a leg and received 
other severe Avounds in Virginia and Lousiania. 

We give below a list of namas of the members of this Company, 
and the history of the Rsgiraent from date of muster until discharge 
of same. 

ROLL OF COMPANY F, FIFTY-SEVENTH REG'T. 

COMMISSIONBD OFFICERS. 

Captain— L¥Nl LAWRENCE, Fitchburg. 

\st Lieut. — Charles Barker, Fitchburg. 

'•Id Lieut. — Alfred O. Hitchcock, Fitchburg. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 

SERGEANTS. Punu William S., Fitchburg. 

Hastings John M., Fitchburg. ^ilkins Aaron, Fitchburg. 

Barnard Charles E., Worcester. gf^s freeman Lancaster 

Sabin George F. , ^Fitchburg. Nickerson A. M. .Sheffield. 

Bartlett James F.', Fitchburg. Hannahan Edward, Milford. 
Southey John, Fitchburg. 

PRIVATES. 

CORPORALS.; B^j.^jg^t (J ^ Fitchburg. 

Bigelow Calvin A., Fitchburg. Beckwith Herbert D., Fitchburg. 

Southwick Francis, Worcester. Babbett C. W., Fitchburg. 



94 



FITCIIDUiUJ IX THE UEDHLLIUX. 



Baker John, Sutton. 
Brighani 0. A., Fitclilniro-. 
Brown Eol)crt, Fiteliburg. 
Brannon Patrick, Fitcbburg. 
Burke John, Fitehburg. 
Barnes Charles W., Gardner. 
Barnes W. F., Fitchljurg. 
Benson William Gr., Fitehburg. 
Backant Josepli, Worcester. 
Bishop A. J., Gill. 
Clark Caleb, Fiteliburg. 
Classon Henry, Fitehburg. 
Coughlin John, Fitehburg. 
Costello Thomas F., Fitehburg. 
Casey Jolui. P'itehburg. 
Changyou Joseph, Fitehburg. 
Changyou William, Fitehburg. 
Chano-you Levi, Fiteliburo-. 
Carey James, Fitehburg. 
Crawford, John S., Sutton. 
Carey Michael, Milford. 
Dolan Timothy, Fitehburg. 
Davis Oscar D.. Fitehburg. 
Delany John, Fitehburg. 
Derby Edward M., Fitch) turg. 
Daily Charles, Fitehburg. 
Ed<>;eeomb Georoe 11., Fitehburo-. 
Farnsworth Bufus S., Fitehburg. 
F;jrr«swiirth Josej»h W , Fiichl»urg. 
FaiToll Martin, Fitehl)urg. 
Flagg Edwin A., Fitehburg. 
Fuller Henry, Fitrhliurg. 
Frost James M., Washington, Ma.ss. 
Gould Austin K., Fitehburg. 
Gove Alfred E, Milford. 
Goddard W. D., lloyalston. 
Gardner Horace 0., Hancock. 
Harris iMiehael. Longmeadow. 
Hall Rodney, Fitchbin-g. 
Henry George A., Fitehburg. 



Hennessy John, Fitehburg. 

Kielty Daniel, Fitehburg. 

Lawless John, Fitehburg. 

McDowell John, Fitehburg. 

]MeTntire Albion C, Fitehburg. 

JMcSherry John, Greenfield. 

McMaster George C, Sturbridgo. 

Miles Michael, Fitehburg. 

McCarty Patrick, Fitchl)urg. 

Maynard John P., Dudley. 

Nour^e Ste|)hen H., Fitehburg. 

O'Donnell M., Fitehburg. 

O'Brien Darljy, Fitehburg. 

Pine Edmund, Westfield. 
Parks Fred W., Fitehburg. 
Peabody William T., Fitcldjurg. 
Ploof Louis, Nortliampton. 
Partland Patrick, Fitehburg. 
Byan (Charles, Adams. 
Byan Martin, Fitehburg. 
Baymond Oren T., Fitehburg. 
Richards James, Lee. 
Roche Redmond, Dudley. 
Sawyer Edgar F., Fitehburg. 
Simmons W. T., Pittsfield. 
Stiner Matthew, Northampton. 
Sullivan John, Worcester. 
Skye William, Fitehburg. 
Sherman Edwin I*., Adams. 
Stevens A. W., Fitehburg. 
Stork Henry, IL'.neeek. 
Suchay Abraham, Sjiencer. 
Sweet Daniel J., WilHamstown. 
Sheahan R. J., Worcester. 
Truss James P., Longmeadow. 
Vickery Charles W., Hancock. 
Wetherbee W^. S., Fitehburg. 
Wilkins Henry A., Fitehburg. 
Watts George, Fitehburg. 



The Regiment left the State April 18th, 1864, for Annapolis, 
Md., where it arrived April 20th, and joined the Ninth Armj 
Corps, making a short stop only, and thence marched to Washing- 
ton, where it arrived April 25th, and was immediately marched 
towards the front. It arrived at Rappahannock Station May 3d. 
On the 5th it crossed the Rapidan, and on the 6th was engaged 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 95 

in the battle of tlio " Wilderness." It entered tlie fii^lit with 
twenty-four officers and five hundred twentj-one enlisted men, and 
was actively engaged one hour, losing in killed, wounded and 
missing, two hundred fifty-one officers and men. Their brave Col. 
Bartlett Avas again wounded in the head, and obliged to give up 
the command. On the 12th of May, at " Spottsylvania," the 
Fifty-Seventh was again in action and lost seventy-two officers 
and men. On the 18th in a reconnoissance, the Regiment lost 
seventeen more killed and wounded. 

On the 19th the Regiment moved towards the North Anna 
River, arriving May 21th, and was ordered to cross the same 
and advance, for the purpose of testing the strength of the enemy. 
It was not a successful movement. The brigade having moved 
a half mile beyond the main line, was attacked on both flanks, and 
having no support, was obliged to fall back in some disorder, the 
Fifty-Seventh losing theii' Lieutenant Colonel and thirty-six enlisted 
men, wounded and taken prisoners. 

From this point the Regiment marched to " Coal Harbor," 
and was engaged in the various operations in that vicinity, and 
thence marched to Petersburg, arriving there June 16th, 1861. 
The Regiment remained in this neighborhood for several months, 
and on the 30th of July, took part in the assault at the explosion 
of the mine. The following account of its part in this affiiir is 
from the Official Records. 

" In the charge which immediately followed the springing of the mine, 
the regiment passed directly through the ruins of the fortifications into a cov- 
ered way connecting with the fort, and running parallel with the front line 
of the enemy's works. Ai'riving at tliis point, and receiving a severe front, 
and right and left enfilading fire of musketry and artilfery, and being much 
disordered by the uneven nature of the ground, the line halted and erected 
a slight work on the side of the way facing the enemy. Being ordered to 
maintain this position, the troops remained firm, and resisted every attempt 
of the enemy to dislodge them, until the charge and repulse of the Fourth 
Division (colored) Ninth Corps. This division fell back in the greatest con- 
fusion, the troops seeking shelter in the covered way, already densely filled 
by regiments of the First and Second DiviBions. The repulse of the Fourth 



96 riTCIIBURf4 IN THE RET5ELLI0J?. 

Division was immetliately followed by a cbargo from the enemy, wlio advanced 
his line to the brink of the covered way, delivering a heavy fire which added 
to the confusion of the troops, then so crowded as to be unable to make use 
of their fire-arms. At this poriod of the action the National standard of the 
Fifry-Sc'venth was captured ; its guard and the greater portion of the left 
wing of the Regiment going with it. 

All attempt?! to rally tl>e troops pi-oved fruitless, the men falling back as 
rapidly as the crowded condition of the passage would permit. The Regi- 
ment went in with officers, seven ; men, ninety-one. Six officers and forty^ 
five enlisted men were killed, wounded or missing, leaving the remnant 
of the Regiment in command of First Lieut. Doty." 

From this time mitil tlio 29th of September, the Regiment remained 
in the vicinity of Petersburg, engaged in picket duty, &c. On the 
30th it participated in the action of " Poplar Grove Church," nun>- 
bering at the time but sixty men present for duty. In tliis action 
eight of these were lost. 

On the 8th of October the Regiment moved Ayith its Division 
in a reconnoissance in force, being deployed as skirmishers. The 
rebels were found in force, and orders were given to return to 
camp. The casualties were fourteen killed and wounded. On the 
26th the Fifty-Seventh took part in the movement against the 
" South Side Railroad," and was engaged as skirmishers, losing but 
one man. On the 28th it returned to camp, remaining until Nov. 
30th, when it went into the trenches in front of Petersburg. 

On the 9th of December the Fifty-Seventh joined in another 
movement on the Wei don Railroad, marching some twenty miles 
out to Hawkinsville, which place it reached December 12th. 
Nothins; of note occurred, and the return march was at once made. 
This march was a very severe one. At one time the Regiment 
was marched eighteen miles without a single halt. 

The men suffered much from the severe cold, many of them 
being frost-bitten. Upon its return it was again ordered to the 
trenches where it remained through the year. 

After the first of January, 1865, the Regiment laid in the lines 
before Petersburg, occupied with the usual outpost and camp 



FITCHBURO IN THE REBELLION. 97 

duties, until the middle of February, when (with some other reg- 
iments,) it was oi'dercd on a reconnoissance towards Weldon. The 
expedition was without any important result, but much suffering 
was experienced by the troops during the same, owing to the in- 
tense cold. 

On the 24th of March the Fifty-Seventh relieved the Fifty- 
Ninth in the lines near Fort Steadman, and was engaged on the 
25th, in the memorable repulse of Gordon's Corps, which inaugu- 
rated the closing scenes of the war. We extract an account of 
the same from the official record of the Regiment. 

" At 3 1-2 A. M., the enemy iii strong force Carried tlie works held by 
the Fourteenth N. York Artillery, and flanked the line of the Fifty-Seventh, 
who fell back from the works, skirmishing as they went, and earning for 
themselves a proud record. Having at last reached a position which could 
be held, they there remained until supported by some troops of the Pennsyl- 
vania Division, when the Fifty-Seventh led the advance in the charge from 
that part of the field, and again entered their works in triumph, Sergeant 
Major, afterward Lieutenant Pinkham, capturing, by singular poetic justice, 
the flag of the Fifty-Seventh North Cai'olina." 

From this time until the evacuation (April 3d,) constant demon- 
strations were made by both parties, but no general engagement was 
brought on. On the 2d of April, the Regiment, with the rest of the 
Brigade, was kept at work in a feigned attack upon that portion of 
the works, and succeeded in keeping the enemy from re-enforcing at 
other points on the line. 

On the 3d of April, 1865, the Fifty-Seventh entered Petersburg, 
and was ordered to guard the roads to Richmond and Chesterfield, 
and on the 4th placed on similar duty upon the Boydtown and Cox's 
roads, and was finally established at " Wilson's Station." 

Soon after the assassination of the President, the Regiment was 

ordered (with the Ninth Corps) to Washington, and placed on duty 

near Tennallytown. From this time until August, when the Regiment 

was mustered out, it remained in and about Washington, domg provost 

13 



98 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

duty at various important points. It was mustered out July 30th, 
and at once proceeded to Readville, Mass., where it was paid off and 
discharged August 9th. 

And this closes its record. It was organized, it will be remem- 
bered, as a "Veteran" Regiment, a title which occasioned some 
sneering at the time, for upon mustering the Regiment, it proved that 
but a small proportion of the men were Veterans. But if the title 
was miss-applied then, have they not earned it now ? Most assuredly 
have they. All honor to the Veterans of the gallant Fifty-Seventh. 
Their term of service was a short, (about fifteen months) but it was 
indeed a bloody one. 

As long as the " Wilderness," " Spottsylvania," " North Anna," 
" Coal Harbor," "Poplar Grove Church," " Hatcher's Run " and 
"Petersburg" areremembered, so long will be remembered the 
brilhant achievements of the Fifty-Seventh. 



HISTORY OF COMPANY H, FOURTH HEAVY ARTILLERY. 

The last company raised in Fitchburg during the war, was recruited 
under the call of the President of July 18th, 1864, for one year 
troops. Authority was given to raise a company of one year men 
for Heavy Artillery service. The large bounty offered, Two Hundred 
Dollars ; the short term of service, and the prospect of a close of the 
war in a few months, Avcre sufficient to speedily fill up the company 
with a splendid body of young men, a large proportion of whom had 
seen service in the nine months and three year regiments. 

The Company was organized by the choice of E. T. Hayward, 
Captain ; J. Henry Richardson, 1st Lieut., and Samuel A. Taylor as 
2d Lieut. It left Fitchburg for Readville, August 15th, and left the 
State for "Washington September 13th. There, -with various other 
unattached companies, it was consolidated as the Fourth Heavy 
Artillery Regiment. The duty assigned to this Regiment was to 
garrison various forts on the Virginia side of the Potomac. This 
Company occupied for the greater portion of the time " Battery 
Garasche," where the men were drilled both in Artillery and Infantry 
practice. 

The Company was most comfortably situated, hving in commodious 
barracks, well fed, and nothing to complain of but " too much quiet." 
Of course the year's record so far as they were concerned was an 
uneventful one. Suffice it to say, that they did promptly and faith- 
fully all they were ordered to do, and were much praised for their 
good drill and soldier-like conduct. The Regiment was mustered 
out of service June 17th, 18G5, at Readville. 

The following is a list of names of those composing Company II, 
of Fitchburg: 



100 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



ROLL OF 24tii UNATTACHED COMP'Y HEAVY ARTILLERY, 
Afterwards Company H, Fourth Reg't H. A. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain— KBEN T. HAYWARD, Fitchburg. 
1st Lieut. — J. Henry Richardson, Fitchbui-g. 

2d Lieut. — Samuel A. Taylor, Asliburnliain. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 



sergeants. 

Rockwood Georoe W., Fitchburg. 
Wheeler Asahel, Ashburnham. 
Clark James E., Fitchburg. 
Page Seidell, Leominster. 
Spencer Edward H., Fitchburg. 

CORPORALS. 

Brown Cyrus, Fitchburg. 
Lawrence Ivers W., Fitchbiu-g. 
Waters Silas C, Fitchburg. 
Gibson Artemas A., Fitchburg. . 
Lesure Thomas G., Fitcliburg. 
Chase Alvin B., Fitchburg. 
Foster Waldo A., Leominster. 
Polley Frank W., Leominster. 

PRIVATES. 

Ackley Edward W., Fitchburg. 
Aldrich Frank S., Fitchl>urg. 
Allen Charles W., Ashburnham. 
Atherton Frank 0., Leominster. 
Baker Henry, Fitchburg. 
Barrell Elmer C, Fitchburg. 
Bemis Joseph C, Fitchburg. 
Bolton Alonzo D., Westminster. 
Babbitt Caleb H., Fitcldjurg. 
Bigelow Charles D., Stcrhng. 
Bigelow George E., Sterling. 
Brown John A., Towusend. 
Breed Isaac T., Ashburnham. 
Barber Vernal, Townsend. 
Butler Eli Henry, Hultbardston. 
Chase George H., Leominster. 
Chapman Samuel L., Sterling. 
Cook Lucius M., Leominster. 
Cook Joel S., Townsend. 
Caswell Almon, Fitchburg. 



Caswell Herbert C, Fitchburg. 
Chase Andrew, Fitchburg. 
Coolidge Louis W., Fitchburg. 
Gushing Sewell G., Fitchburg. 
Gushing Charles S., Fitchburg. 
Davis George A., Fitchburg. 
Davis Edwin J. , Fitchburg. 
Davis Charles H., Fitchburg. 
Dodge Wooster F., Leominster. 
Dudley Stephen W., Fitchburg. 
Davis Martin V. B., Ashburnham. 
Ellis George H., Townsend. 
Elliot George P., Mason, N. H. 
Earle Edward 0., Fitchburg. 
Eaton John, Ashburnham. 
French Andrew J., Leominster. 
Follansbee Frank F., Leominster. 
Farrego James, Ashburnham. 
Fessenden Albert H., Townsend. 
Frost Sunnier IM., Leominster. 
French George A., Fitchburg. 
Fortin David, Fitddnirg. 
Freeman Charles N., Fitchburg. 
Fuller Marshall R., Fitchburg. 
Gale Darius M., Fitchburg. 
Garfield Warren, Fitchburg. 
Green ]NLirshall D. E., Fitchburg. 
Greenwood Theodore, Ashburnham. 
Griswold Albert, Fitchburg. 
Gunnison Horace A., Fitcliburg. 
Goodnow William F., Princeton. 
Gibson Lemuel W., Fitchburg. 
Gibson Daniel 0., Fitchburg. 
Gates Christopher, Townsend. 
Hildreth Henry B., Townsend. 
Hildreth John L., Townsend. 
Hammond Frederick, Ashburnham. 
Hey wood Albert L., Lunenburg. 
Hodgeman Freeman L., Mason. 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



101 



Howe Leroy A., Ashburnham. 
Harrington John N., Fitchburg. 
Hayward Cliarles F., Fitchburg. 
Herrick Noyes B., Fitchburg. 
Hosmer Samuel, Fitchburg. 
Hosmer Stephen C, Fitchburg. 
Hughes Richartl, Fitchburg. 
Jewett George C, Lunenburg 
Johnson Charles H., Fitchburg. 
Jordan John S., Fitchburg. 
Jaquith Charles B., Ashburnham. 
Jackman Noah Gr., Ashburnham. 
Knapp John, Fitchburg. 
Kendall George W., Leominster. 
Lane Lowell S., Ashburnham. 
Lovejoy Augustus, Townsend. 
Lesure Henry A., Fitchburg. 
Litch Charles C, Fitch])urg. 
Livermore Thomas, Fitchburg. 
Lovewell Lyman S., Fitcliburg. 
Mack Jolm, Fitchburg. 
Marsh Palmer A., Fitchburg. 
McCoy John, Fitchburg. 
Melinday James A., Fitchburg. 
Morrison James, Fitchburg. 
Mills Hamilton A., Fitchburg. 
Morse Harrison A., Leominster. 
Morse William G., Fitchburg. 
Neat William E,., Lunenburg. 
Parker Munroe R., Townsend. 
Parker Alden W., Fitchburg. 
Parkhurst James H., Fitchburg. 
Payne George A. Fitchburg. 



Polley George A., Leominster. 
Priest Willard, Fitchburg. 
Proctor Clarence D., Fitchburg. 
Putnam Fred A., Fitchburg. 
Ray Jason A., Westminster. 
Reynolds Julius P., Fitchburg. 
Rockwood Charles H., Fitchburg. 
Rugg Jacol), Leominster. 
Sanderson Martin, Leominster. 
Sawin Daniel W., Leominster. 
Sloan Samuel, Townsend. 
Spaulding Benjamin B., Townsend. 
Seaver Isaac 3d, Westminster. 
Smith WilUam H., Ashburnham. 
Stafford Edward, Fitchburg. 
Taylor Henry, Fitchburg. 
Underwood George H., Fitchburg. 
Webber Amos A., Fitchburg. 
Wheeler Henry M., Fitchburg. 
Whitcomb Gilman W., Fitchburg. 
Whitman Waldo, Fitchburg. 
Whitney George 0., Ashburnham. 
Whitney Joseph PL, Ashburnham. 
Willard Joseph M., Leominster. 
Winch William J., Fitchburg. 
Woolson Lsaac M., Fitchburg. 
Whitney William B., Leominster. 
Wheeler E. 0., Jr., Ashburnham. 
Wilder Oliver J)., Ashburnham. 
Wright Elbridge A., Townsend. 
Wilder Frederick A., Lunenburg. 
Yott Charles, Fitchburg. 



THE CALL FOR THREE MONTHS TROOPS. 

1862. 

lu the latter part of May, 1862, occurred the famous retreat of 
Genoral Banks down the Shenandoah Valley. The defeat of this 
army, and the advance of the rebels towards "Washington occa- 
sioned great alarm for the safety of the Capital. The President 
issued a call to the Governors of the loyal States to send forward 
immediately to Washington, all the three months troops they could 
spare. At that time both the " Fusihers" and " Guards" had 
efficient organizations, and were ready to respond in any sudden 
emergency. Governor Andrew's call upon the Militia was issued 
on Monday morning, May 26th, and reached our town about eight 
o'clock. All was excitement and activity. Captains Miles and 
Barker at once gave orders to their companies to assemble at 
their annoiies ready to proceed to Boston in obedience to the 
orders of the Commander-in-Chief. The men responded very 
promptly, and in course of the afternoon, both companies were 
ready to march ; the Fusiliers v>'ith sixty-six guns, and the Guards 
with fifty-eight. 

At five o'clock both companies took their departure for Boston 
amid the greatest enthusiasm of the crowds assembled to give them 
a parting word and a hearty cheer. 

Among the incidents of this exciting day, may be mentioned the 
fact that when the order of Captain I\Iiles reached the shop of 
Whitman & Miles (of which firm the Captain was a member,) 
fifteen men dropped their tools and stepped forth to join the ranks 
of the "Fusiliers," and the firm, not at all disturbed at this whole- 
sale reduction of their " available forco," at once gave another 



FITCHIJUlia IN THE REBELLION. 103 

proof of tlicir patriotism by presonting ten dollars to cacli of the 
fifteen. These troops arrived in Boston the saai3 eyenlng, an I with 
the other companies from Worcester North, were quartered in 
Fanueil Hall. Here they remained two nights, expecting every 
moment to start for the " scat of war." 

But the scare at Washmgton was soon over, and the Governor 
was telegraphed that the troops need not come forward, as the 
emergency had passed. The troops were therefore ordered to their 
homes, and our two companies came back in grand style during 
the afternoon of Wednesday. After parading the streets together, 
and going through a dress parade in battalion, under Captain 
Barker, they were treated to a collation by the citizens, and then 
dismissed, feeling that though their campaign had been a short one, 
it was not without result. It cannot be denied that both officers 
and men deserve much credit for the promptitude with which 
they rallied in obedience to orders, fully expecting that they 
would be wanted for three months, and with a fair prospect of 
being called into battle. All honor to them. To many it was 
their only march in the whole course of the war ; but to a major- 
ity of them it was only preparatory to longer and sterner service. 

The occasion and its results showed what we could do in a 
sudden emergency, and also, demonstrated the advantages of keep- 
ing our Militia thoroughly organized at all times. 

We give the lists of these two companies, believing that it is 
due to the men who so promptly rallied to this sudden call, that 
their names should go upon record. 



104 



FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 



IIOLL OF COMPANY B, OLD NINTH REGINENT M. V. M. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain— WJGi^E T. MILES. 



Isi Lieut. — George G. Nutting. 



2d Lieut.— D. W. Tuttle. 



Atherton E. D., 
Atliertou Geo. li., 
Bailey Geo. II., 
Brewer James H., Jr., 
Bickford Cbas. 
Brown Jos. W., 
Boweu Peer M., 
Bruce John F., 
Chaney Wm. B., 
Churchill Horace M. 
Chase Jos. W., 
Chase Winslow 0., 
Carleton Merrill, 
Conner P. C, 
Dailcy James, 
Dinneen Patrick, 
Eaton Wm H., 
Estalirook Jos. D., 
Emory Edward F., 
Farrar Eph. E., 
Farrar Frank F., 
Farnham Ren.selear, 
Farusworth Marshall G. 



EXLISTED MEX 

Fai-well Edward P. 
Glines Augustus M., 
Green Andrew J., 
Hayward H. Porter, 
Heselan James, 
Hartshorn Frank G., 
IloUing'sworth Byron, 
Harrington Cornelius, 
Keyes Geo. E., 
Kendall Gilbert B , 
Knowles Frank VV., 
Kempton Alphonso, 
Livermore Ozro J., 
McMaster Levi, 
]McMahan Edward, 
McNear Louis D., 
Noouau Michael, 
Palmer Frank L., 
Putnam John L., 
Putnam Chas. F., 
Putnam Marshall, 
Putnam Cyrus, 
Parkhurst Boardmau, 



Pierce George, 
Powers Albert J., 
Pratt Charles E., 
llussell Charles F., 
iluo;o;les Gould G., 
Sweeney Chas. H., 
Stuart Chas. W., 
Spencer Edward H., 
Spaulding Josiah, 
Spaulding George, 
Sullivan John, 
Tourtellott Albert D., 
Taft Jerome K., 
Tufts Joseph A., 
Upton T. C, 
Woodbury Oscar F., 
Wheeler John A., 
Wheeler Horace E , 
Wheeler Chas. II., 
Wyman Chas. H., 
Waters Silas C, 
Wetherbee Aaron F., 
Woolridge Wm., 



ROLL OF COMPANY E, OLD NINTH REGIMENT M. V. M. 

COMMISSIOXED OFFICEKS. 

Captain— JO'S AS COREY. 

1st Lieut. — Henry A. Hatch. 

2d Lieut. — George L. Ciiipman. 



Battles Nathan L., 
Battles Oscar A., 
Browning Silas W., 
Babbitt Willard N. 
Boutelle Warren P. 
Battles Fred. C, 
Bliss Garfield, 



EXLISTED MEN. 

Barber Chas. S., 
Cochran N. I., 
Davis John E., 
Davis George W., 
Davis O.scar D., 
Davis Jona. D., 
Drake Jason W., 



Dunn John W., 
Dempsey John C.^ 
Farnsworth Lucius B., 
Flynn Jeremiah, 
Goodrich Herbert D., 
Goodrich Harrison, 
Hitchcock Joseph, 



FITCHBUllG IN THE REBELLION. 



lo; 



Hariliug John C, 
Harding Jabez I., 
Haskell H. N., 
Henshaw Edward, 
Jaquith Levi L., 
Lamb Levi L., 
Lovewell Sewall K., 
Leonard Elbridge G., 
Litch Chas. C, 
Lailan Lewis, 
Marble Stephen J., 
Mecorney John L., 
Minot Augustus, 



Marshall George E., 
Morgan John L., 
Mack George W., 
Marshall Benj. P., 
McDuffie Stephen, 
May Nathaniel, 
Mansfield Geo. F.. 
Nutting John Q. A., 
Patch Ebenezer, 
Phelps Chas. 
Partridge Harlan P., 
Spooner Solon W., 
Stevens Samuel, 



Smith Rufus H., 
Starkey Calvin, 
Shiner Wm. H., 
Sawin Harrison P., 
Tucker Richard, 
Underwood Wm. W., 
Virgil Daniel, 
Vaughn Orlando S., 
Wiley Benj. K., 
Whitney Alonzo, 
Wilson Carlos B. 



14 



HISTORY or THE DRAFT. 

The Spring and Summer of 1863 was a dull season for recruit- 
ing. The country had passed through two years of war ; terrible 
battles had been fought ; many precious hves sacrificed, and we 
had really made but little progress in conquering the rebellion. 
Congress had passed an act providing for a draft from the enrolled 
men of the country, for the purpose of filling up the depleted ranks 
of our armies. Meanwhile, the President had issued his call for 
another large levy of troops, to be filled by a draft on the 1st of 
July, if the volunteers were not forthcoming before that time. But 
little interest was manifested in filling quotas, as the provisions of 
the conscription act Avere such that any man drafted could be ex- 
empt from service by furnishing a substitute or paying three hund- 
red dollars. As the time for drafting approached, there was much 
excitement on account of fear that there might be an outbreak in 
opposition to the same by those liable vmder the act, which did 
actually occur in New A'ork and other cities, as many of our read- 
ers will sadly recollect. To guard against anything of this nature, 
in this town, a special police was appointed, and the town was 
regularly patroled for several nights. The day appointed for draft- 
ing from the enrolled list of Fitchburg, at last came, July 17th, 
1863. Our quota was 241 men, and the following are the names 
of those drawn, giving a statement of those exempted, those who 
furnished substitutes, and paid commutation. But four who were 
drafted, were forced to serve. Their names are William SaAvtell, 
Chas. H. Brown, 2d, Frank N. P. Jones, John Downes. Tke 
first two named died from disease contracted in the service. We 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 107 

know not what became of the others. The result of the draft here, 
as elsewhere, was a failure, so far as fillmg up the armies was 
concerned. The causes of exemption were so numerous that few 
men were accepted. The result in this town, as the list which fol- 
lows will show, may be briefly stated : 

Whole number drafted, 241 

Famished substitutes, 28 

Paid commutation, 14 

Gave personal service, 4 

Failed to report, 14 

Exempted for disability, 95 

" '' other causes, 86 

THE DRAFT OF 18(33. 

ACCEPTED AND SERVED IN PERSON : 

Frank N. P. Jones, John Downes, 

William Sawtell, Charles H. Brown, 2d. 

FURNISHED SUBSTITUTES. 

Hiram A. Blood, Charles H. Keyes, 

John Burney, Orrin Littlefield, 

Henry P. Boutelle, Frank L. Palmer, 

Silas Conant, Ell)ridge Gr. Stanley, 

Josiah T. Colley, Daniel Sullivan, 

Howard T. Clark, John M. Stearns, 

L. Horace Dunnell, Joseph A. Tufts, 

Charles Derby, Jr., Henry Tlu-asher, 

Sewell Foster, George H. Taylor, 

Nathan L. Geo, - Daniel B. Whitticr. 

Eugene H. Hay ward, George W. Weston, 

Joseph Haskell, Jr., Joseph W. Worcester, 

Emerson W. Harris, Russell S. Waters, 

Samuel Hadley, Jolni M. Whitney, 2d. 

PAID^COMMUTATION. 

Lorenzo D. Warren, Jeremiah Greenwood, Jr. 

Homer Thrasher, Hiram D. Fletcher, 

Fred W. Smith, George W. Frost, 

Edwin H. Smith, Charles L. Fairbanks, 

Frank H. Snow, Uriah '^E. Cleaveland, 

Francis S. Oxford, David S. Barnes, 

Hiram S. Miller, William Andrews. 



108 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



EXEMPTIONS FOR VARIOUS CAUSES. 



Charles W. Bellows, Only son of a 
widow, liable to military duty. 

Daniel N. Bardeen, '' 

John May, " 

William Moran, " 
Willard I. Miller, 

John Shea, " 
John Silk, 

Francis A. Smith, " 
Melvin L. Crane, Only son of aged 

or infirni parents. 
Calvin C. Gott, 
John O'Brien, 
Edward Turpin, 
Joseph F. White, '* 
Porter G. Barton, 'Father of moth- 
erless children under twelve 
years of age. 
William L. Bullock, 
Charles F. Arnold, In servi<;e Sdof 

March, 1863. 
Fred. H. Battles, 

Richard Hughes, " 
William H. Hayden, 

Granville C. Hosmer, " 

Joel K. Hosmer, " 

Asa S. Jaquith, '* 

Horace E. Jennison, " 

Azro B. Jaquith, " 

George W. Kinsman, " 
Michael McCarty, 

James Noonan, " 

Frank Scott, " 

George M. Smith. " 

O. E. Skinner, "* 
Benjamin Watson, 

Edward Balien, Aiie/t. 

Francis Braddish. '' 

John Conlin, * 
Timothy CahiU, 

William Corliss, " 

Martin Carey, '* 

James Callahan, " 

Dennis Carey, " 

John Dineen, ** 



Levi Dudley, Alien. 

David Fitzgerald, " 
Charles Flynn, 

James Gray, " 

James* Hurley, " 

Owen Hurl pin, " 

Henry Jackson, 2d, " 

William Kenworthy, " 

Timothy Leary, " 

Michael jNIurphy, " 

Owen M'Ardle, '' 

Thomas McQuinn, " 

James Morean, " 
WiUiam Mehan, 

John Moran, 2d, " 

Daniel Noonan, " 

Daniel Noonan, 2d, " 

Daniel O'Connor, " 
John O'Brien, 1st, 
Patrick O'Donnel, 
Michael O'Brien, 

Lemure Pierre, " 

Thomas Quigley, " 

Michael Quigley, " 

William^Robinson, " 

Alexander Rieal, ** 

Arthur Roach, " 

Patrick Shinen, " 

John Steinback, " 

James' Shea, " 
John Wilmot, 

Charles 0. Andrews, Non-resident. 

Edward P. Coleman, *' 

William F. Osgood, " 
E. W. Perkins, 

Henry W. Stearns, " 
Augustus W. Joslin, Over 35, and 

married. 

Michael Honan, " 

Edward Foley, " 

Henry Classon, " 

George Boyle, ** 
Edwin Blake, 

IVIichael Norton, Bead. 
John Clark, Enlisted before draft. 



FITCHBITRG IN THE REBELLION. 



lO'J 



EXEMPTIONS FOR DISABILITY. 



Henry Allison, 
Charles A. Bateman, 
Charles W. Baldwin, 
Otis Brigham, 
Edwin S, Burnap, 
Joseph Bigelow, 
George F. Battles, 
Benjamin F. Bailey, 
Harvey C. Browning, 
Jonathan H. Barbour, 
Thomas Bailey, 
Franklin W. Babcock, 
Moses L. Clark, 
John Choate, 
Harvey A. Crehore, 
Thomas Costello, 
Edmond T. Carter, 
George A. Cozzens, 
John E. Davis, 
Albert A. Deano, 
Edward B. Dole, 
Sherburne S. Dow, 
William C. Emory, 
Walter A. Eames, 
Edwin A. Eaton, 
Sidney P. Emory, 
Daniel L. Fletcher, 
Francis FuUum, 
Ezra R. Farrar, 
Heniy Fuller, 
George B. Fisk, 
Daniel P. Gladding, 
Josiah R. Goddard, 
George S. Gibson, 
James Goodrich, 
J. Myron Goddard, 
George L. Green, 
Hosea Hadley, 
Henry W. Houghton, 
Eben T. Hay ward, 
Nathan B. Hadley, 
Jared M. Heard, 
David Hartwell, 
George P. Hildreth, 
Joseph Jones, 
John S. Jordan, 
Newell A. Jenne, 
George P. King, 



William Kelley, 
George B. Knowlton, 
George S. King, 
Leonard L. Leland, 
Albert Lee, 
Sewell R. Lovewell, 
O. J. Livcrmore, 
Lowell N, Moulton, 
Livy Mc Master, 
James A. Miller, 
Daniel Morrill, 
George F. Maynard, 2d, 
D. H. Merriam, 
Josephus C. Nourse, 
John Ogden, 
John O'Donnell, 
Michael O'Donnell, 
William O'ilam, 
Abner W. P.dJaixl, 
James W. Pollock, 
John L. Putnam, 
Jerome D Place, 
Levi W. Russell, 
Silas Ruggles, 
George W. Rice, 
James H. Rogers. 
Franklin L. Ruggios, 
Orlando Remington, 
Calvin L. Stockwell, 
George F. Sylvestei-, 
Henry A. Spooner, 
Henry F. Smith, 
Elijah G. Spaulding, 
Irving W. Stockwell, 
Elmer Southic, 
Charles R. Sawyer, 
O. P. Spurr, 
Daniel Stearns, 
C. C. Stratton, 
John M. Tyler, 
Charles II. Whittemore, 
George Willard, 
Lyman J. Wood, 
Alonzo Withington, 
Augustus N. Wiley, 
Lewis N. Wilbur, 
John A. Wheeler, 



110 



FITCIIBURG IX THE REBELLTON. 



THE FOLLOWING FAILED TO REPORT 



John Foley, 
Micliael Cliffi.rd, 
Henry P. Hill, 
Win. Boydon, 
Patrick O'Brien, 
Chas. W. Record, 
John H. Goul(lin;>;, 



George H. Stark, 
Victor Dell, 
George Cowee, 
John Clark, 
George Searles, 
Daniel Whalon, 
p](lwar(l Boyle. 



THE DRAFT OF 1864. 

In the summer of 1864, another draft was ordered, to supply 
deficiencies in the quotas up to that date. Fitchburg was sixteen 
behind, and a draft was made for that number. 

We give below a list of those drawn at that time, designating those 
accepted who were obhged to serve personally or furnish substitutes, 
as the provision for paying three hundred dollars in lieu of service 
had been repealed. To obtain these sixteen, four different drafts 
were made of twenty-two names at each drawing, there being eighty- 
eight names drawn in all, only sixteen of which proved to be accepta- 
ble recruits. These drafts took place at intervals of a fortnight, and 
although the number required was small, it was sufficient to keep the 
enrolled men on the " tip-toe of expectation," and served to swell 
the list of " Representative Substitutes," of which more hereafter. 



LIST OF DRAFTED MEN. 



Charles S. Farrar, 
Cyrus D. Blanchard, 
William A. Fester, 
George P. Ilowland, 
Leonard Hartwell, 
Lowell M. Miles, 
John Mack, 
Charles Arnold, 
Calvin Wallace, 
Harrison Upton, 
Anson L Marshall, 



Famished sub. 



Chas. H. B. Snow, 
Charles T. Crocker, 
Otis T. Buggies, 
Charles A. Goodrich, 
George F. Hudson, 
Porter G. Barton, 
John Delaney, 2d, 
W. J. Hollingsworth, 
Enoch P. Young, 
Eugene Flaherty, 
Michael Delaney, 



Furnished snb. 



Not accepted. 



FITOlIlJUliQ IN THE REEELLIOX. , 



111 



John McCaitj, 
George Wilniott, 
Orrin A. Skinner, 
Celestine Benettie, 
Charles H. Reed, 
Thomas Fitzgerald, 
Henry F. Colburne, 
Jerry Murphy, 
Martin Farrell, 
Henry P. Nichols, 
William John Dana, 
Augustine D. Way moth, 
William L. Eager, 
William Boyden, 
J. J. Harnden, 
Williain K. Fletcher, 
Joseph Farrar, 
Thomas Conner, 
Jonas Whitney, 
William M. Whitney, 
J. Sumner Kinsman, 
Jerry Donovan, 
Thomas Leary, 
James M. Woodbury, . 
Terrance Ilaverty, 
German F. Ware, 
Henry S. Sheldon, 
Eben F. Bailey, 
Lysandcr Andrews, 
Jerry O'Hearn, 
Jonas A. Cutting, 
Aaron Wilkins, 
Levi H. Richardson, 



Not accepted. Francis E. Williams, Not accepted. 
Charles W. Bellows, 
Frank Safford, 
" Edward Connors, " 

Samuel Carter, 2d, 

E. H. Cate, 

F. L. Ruggles, 
" Lucius B. Farnsworth, " 
" George R. Edgecomb, " 
" Benjamin Cragin, " 

George P. Bennett, 
" Rufus G. Farnsworth, " 

•' Daniel Kielty, " 

Howard Marble, 
•' Frank Sloan, " 

•' Jacob H. Fairbanks, " 

W. H. Jewett, 



Hosea W. Flagg, 
John Flynn, 
Joseph Haselum, 
Peter Boutee, 
Patrick Lahey, 
J. C. MouUon, 
Michael Donovan, 
E. S. Chipman, 
C. W. Rockford, 
Jared Whitman Jr., 
John Drcweiy, 
Thomas Kenuey, 
William Hanna, 
Charles F. Sylvester, 
Francis R. Billings, 
Edward A. Brown, 



In ser 



vice. 



SUBSTITUTES FOR " ENROLLED MEN." 

Pending the draft of 1861 an arrangement was made by which 
any person liable to military service could, in anticipation of the 
draft, put in for himself a substitute. Thirty-six of our citizens 
availed themselves of this privilege, at an expense of from five to 
seven hundred dollars each. They thus added men to the ranks, and 
by so doing, also reduced our quota to that extent, and it seems 
proper that they should have due credit for the same. We think that, 
as a matter closely connected Avith the history of the " draft,"' their 



112 - FITCIIDUIIG IN THE KEIiELLION. 

names sliouM be recorded. We therefore give them below, and also 
the names and reputed residences of their respective substitutes. 

For this list, and other favors, we are indebted to Captain D. H. 
Merriam, late Provost Marshal of the Ninth District. 

Names of Enrolled Men. Names of Substitutes. Residence. 

Eugene T. Miles, Charles S. Granger, Canada. 

Charles H. Wood, George Jininiesson Canada. 

George F. Vose, John J. Ellis, Canada. 

Henry F. Coggshall, George Wilson, Virginia. 

George F. Fay, Edward Gill, Ireland. 

Samuel E. Crocker, George Chapman Canada. 

Francis Sheldon, George Duncan, Canada. 

J. F. I). Garfield, John Kellcy Canada. 

Ezekiel Davis, Chicken Big Fire Canada. 

Samnel D. Siicldon, WiUiani Big Fire, Canada. 

Henry Jackson, James Upshur, KenfncJcy. 

Elliot^N. Choate, John O'Brien, liostmi. 

( ieorge E. Towue John Burns Kngland. 

Jose])h E. Manning, Michael White New Brunswick. 

Thornton K. Ware H. Michael Husjjand, ... New Briinsioich. 

John Q. Wright, Patrick Farsner, Ireland. 

Edwin A. Goodrich, Charles Baner France. 

Isaac C. Wright Peter Masson, France. 

Edward 0. Marston Daniel McDonald Canada. 

Aaron F. Whitney, John Pearson, Canada. 

James F. Stiles, Andrew Jones Virginia. 

Thomas F. Simonds, Jacob Stone Sweden, 

Jolni J. Piper, John H Lee Virginia. 

George A. Tcaroy Francis Foster New Brunswick. 

Charles J. Billings, James Nottaway Canada. 

Jjcander Sprague, William Kussell Canada. 

Edwin D. Atherton Thomas McKcnzie, Srotland. 

Joseph E Derby George W. Waldren, Canada. 

Sullivan W. Huntley, ... John F. Remington, England. 

Everett W. Bigelow Joseph Thompson Florida. 

Lyman Patch, John Allen Canada. 

, David Hartwell, Joseph Gill, Canada. 

"Willard N. Boss dale Mortel Canada. 

Albert D. Tourtellot, George H. Edgerlloy, ... New Brunswick. 

Ilobert L. Goddard, Andrew J. Kider, New Bnrnstcick. 

Charles P. Connor, Henry Moonshine, Germauy. 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 113 

REPRESENTATIVE RECRUITS. 

During the year 1864, Massachusetts, and some of the other 
loyal States, sent recruiting agents into the Southern States, at 
pomts occupied by our forces, for the purpose of enUsting negroes. 
The recruits thus obtained were apportioned among the various 
towns of the State, and thirteen were credited in our quota. Their 
names will be found in the roll at the end of this volume. An arrange- 
ment was also made by which any person who was not Uable to 
draft by reason of age or otherwise, could deposit with the Treas- 
urer of the Commonwealth $125, and have secured to him what 
was called a " Representative Recruit." But one individual in this 
town availed himself of this privilege. Hon. Moses Wood has the 
honor of being the man, and the name of his " sable volunteer '* 
is Alfred Sawyer. We doubt not he did good service. 
15 



RELIEF TO SOLDIERS AND THEIR FAMILIES. 

As tlie recent war was conducted upon a scale altogether un- 
paralleled in the magnitude of its operations, so were the enter- 
prises which were organized and carried on to mitigate its woes 
and alleviate its sufferings, commensurate with it. Government itself 
spared no pains or expense to provide for the comfort of the sick 
and wounded, and the histories of the magnificent contributions of 
the lojal people, and the operations of those beneficent organiza- 
tions, the "Sanitary" and "Christian" Commissions, will be the 
wonder of succeeding generations. Besides these, every city and 
town had their local " Soldiers' Relief" Associations, which were 
active through the whole war, in rendering comfort to the sol- 
diers and their families. 

Fitchburg was in no wise behind her neighbors. While our 
brave boys were fighting the battles of their country upon distant 
fields, their welfare and comfort, as well as that of their famihes 
at home, became the object of the most tender solicitude of our 
citizens. 

The record of their various benevolent entei-prises forms a most 
interesting chapter in our history. 

Of the numerous public movements in this direction, we propose 
to give as full an account as possible. Of the unnumbered and 
unnoted private offerings of the patriotic mothers and sisters and 
friends of the soldier, who can make an estimate ? They are re 
corded, but not here. 

"We have seen that immediately upon the breaking 'out of the 
rebellion, the town voted a large sum for the equipment of our 



FITCIIBURQ IN TIlE REBELLION. 115 

soldiers, and for the benefit of their families. At the first Annual 
Town JNIceting thereafter, April, 18G2, the following vote was 
passed : 

Voted, That the Selectmen be authorized to pay for the support of the 
families of Volunteers such sums as they thiuk their circumstances require. 

This was repeated each year thereafter, and was in addition to 
the " State Aid " which was authorized by the Legislature to be 
paid by towns, and which v/as often found inadequate for the 
•wants of some of the families of soldiers. So much for the town 
in its corporate capacity. We shall now speak of the various Re- 
lief Organizations, commencing vyith an account of the "■ Ladies' 
Soldiers' Aid Society." For the following account of the doings 
of this organization, we are indebted to the kindness of Mrs. 
Stephen Shepley, "who cheerfully complied with a request to fur- 
nish the same, and for which she has our grateful acknowledge- 
ments. 

HISTORY OF THE LADIES' SOLDIERS AID SOCIETY. 

"When the v/ar had assumed such proportions that the magnitude 
of the struggle in which the country was engaged began to be realized, 
it was evident that it must enlist not only the sympathy but the active 
co-operation of all classes in community. 

And while the land everywhere resounded to the tread of muster- 
ing regiments and the din of warlike preparation, and men turned 
self-sacrificingly from the unfinished work of farm, and shop, and 
store and office — women felt they could not idly look on ; that there 
was work -and place for them in the " uprising of a great people " 
against treason and oppression and for humanity and equal rights. 
Delicate women in thronged towns, and hard-worked women on lonely 
hill-sides, every pulse astir with love of country, moved by a common 
impulse, silently but earnestly banded themselves together in organiza- 
tions, whose object was to soften as far as might be the untold hard- 
ship of soldier-life. 



116 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

This was not all — women did more than this, and we approach with 
reverent feet, the thought of the uncounted households where mothers 
and Avives, with unresting hands and hearts broken, but for the high, 
strong purpose that nerved them, made ready their loved ones, and 
saw them go out and away to war and all its terrible possibilities ; and 
as we think of them sitting by desolate firesides, bearing through weary 
months a burden of sickening suspense, or the alternations of hope 
and fear over conflicting rumors, or the agony of certain bereavement, 
the most s^ilendid heroism of the war seems not more heroic than the 
silent endurance of these. In every soldier-grave is buried not only 
the valor of man, but the devotion and self-sacrifice of v/oman. 
Those of our own town were no exception to others in their endeavor 
to inspire the soldier on the battle-field with the truest moral bravery — 
in the tedious monotony of camp-life with hope and patience, by their 
unwavering sympathy and appreciation ; and when sick and in prison, 
causing their alleviating ministries to reach, and remedy in some wise, 
the suffering incident to the situation. 

With the enlisting of the first Fitchburg men, the labors of the 
Fitchburg women began. They prepared and sent to the soldiers in 
camp such things as would best contribute to their comfort, and by 
frequent visits, made them feel they were not to be forgotten while 
away doing the strange work of war, but that home-care and affec- 
tion would still and ever be exerted to the utmost for their well-being, 
wherever the chances of war might lead them. 

That greater method and efficiency might be secured, the formation 
of a society was decided upon, and at a meeting held for that pur- 
pose, Sept. 16th, 1861, the organization known through the period of 
the war as the " Soldiers Aid Society," was formed. 

The various religious societies were largely represented, and indeed 
the association included nearly all who were of an age to help on the 
needful work. The better to regulate their operations, a Constitution, 
framed by a committee consisting of Mrs. A. Emerson, Mrs. A. F. 
Adams and Mrs. C. Tolman, was adopted by a vote of the Society. 



FITCHBURQ IN TUB REBELLION. 117 

CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 1. This association shall be called " The Ladies' SMiers Aid 
Society.''^ 

Art. 2. The object of the Society shall be to furnish to the Soldiers 
engaged in the present war of our country such aid as may be in our power. 

Art. 3. The officers of the Society shall be a President, Vice-President, 
Secretary, Treasurer and twelve Directresses. 

Art. 4. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at the meetings 
and to perform the duties that naturally fall to the office. In her absence 
these duties shall devolve upon the Vice-President. It shall be the duty of 
the Secretary to find a suitable place for the meetings of the Society, to 
notify the same, to keep a record of them, and if necessary, learn by corres- 
pondence the actual wants of the Soldiers. It shall be the duty of the 
Treasurer to receive the funds of the Society, and to keep an account of all 
the receipts and expenditures. It shall be the duty of the Directresses to 
make the purchases and prepare the work for the Society. 

Art. 5. The meetings may be called at the discretion of the President, 
or at the request of sis mcmbei's of the Committee. 

Art. 6. Any lady may become a member of the Society by the payment 
of twenty-five cents. 

Agreeably to article third of the Constitution a board of officers 
was chosen for the ensuing year, consisting of 

Mrs. E. TORREY, President. Mrs. A. NORCROSS, Secretary. 

Mrs. N. a. TUFTS, Vice-Fresident. Miss M. A. BROOKS, Treasurer. 

DIRECTRESSES. 

Mrs. L. II. BRADFORD, Mrs. B. LYON, 

Mrs. E. UPTON, - Mrs. B. SNOW. .Ii:., 

Mrs. J. UPTON, Mrs. H. M. LOUD, 

Mrs. N. stone, Mrs. F. BUTTRICIv, 

Miis. W. KIMBALL, Mrs. J. B. PROCTCJR, 

Mrs. K. HARWOOD, Mrs. H. SIBLEY. 



The money received for memberships and for the annual assess- 
ments thereon, was used in the purchase of material with which to 
work, and the funds of the Society were most opportunely replenished 
from time to time, by donations from private individuals, and from 
local organizations. The churches aided its support by their con- 



118 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

tributions, and generous sums were placed at its disposal by tbe 
Dramatic Club, the Musical Association, the Eelief Committee ; and 
the "Old Folks at home," too old to learn war themselves, sang 
their ancient melodies in concert, giving the proceeds in aid of 
the bojs who were giving the strength of their youth to coimtry. 

It is not proposed in this sketch, necessarily brief, to enter into 
a detailed account of the Society. All that is aimed at, is to con- 
vey a general idea of its plans and their accomplishment. In no 
better way can this be done than by giving some of the letters 
of acknowledgement received from different regiments and asso- 
ciations ; while at the same time, the letters will have a value 
themselves, as showing how susceptible the soldiers were to any 
care or thought that was taken for them. 

Among the first results of the Society, as such, was the pre- 
paring a box of clothing and hospital necessaries for the Twenty- 
first Regiment, then at Annapolis ; similar supplies for the Twenty- 
fifth at the same place, and a quantity of much needed blankets 
and suitable clothing for the ap])roaching winter, for the Fifteenth 
Regiment at Poolesville. 

No one could feel that in their efforts for the soldier they had 
assumed a needless, or a thankless task, wdien such expressions of 
gratitude from the recipients of their favor reached them as are 
contained in the subjoined letters. 



"Annapolis, Md., Naval Academy, Nov. 27t/i, 18C1. 
Madam : — 

In behalf of my regiment, I return you my sincere thanks for tlie 
timely presents of nice wjirm socks and mittens, presented to them by the 
ladies of the " Sokliers Aid Society" of Fiteliburg, and in the words of the 
men as they drew tliom on to their hands and feet, ' God bless tlie ladies of 
Fitchburg ! ' And it is cheering to us, who have left our homes, wives and 
children, and sacriiiced all our cherished hopes on our country's altar, to see 
that those we have left bcliiud are determined to do their part of the duties 
devolving upon all lovers of our glorious Union. 

All honor is due the Association for this proof of the interest cherished by 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. ' 119 

tliem for the government wliicli was established hy our fatliers' hlootl, sus- 
tained by our mothers' prayers, and made sacred by the virtues of Ixttli, and 
with the help of God, shall be maintaiuud by their children. 

Once more I thank you for your kind gift, asking for your good wishes 
and prayers, and hoping that we shall never prove recreant to the cause, nor 
disgi-ace the flag which rebel hands and feet have too long trampled in the 
dust. 

T. S. FOSTER, Capt. Co. D, 21st Rcg't 31. V. 

To Sec'y 'Soldiers Aid Society,^ Fitchhurg.^^ 



" Camp Hicks, Annapolis, Md, Dec. 13, 18G1. 
To the Sec^y of the Soldiers Aid Society, — 

Dear Madam : In behalf my connnand, T return you my sincere 
and heartfelt thanks for the very generous present of comfortal)les, socks, 
mittens, &c , presented them by the ' Soldiers Aid Society.' May the 
blessings of Heaven ever attend you, and every member of your Society. 

CHARLES II. FOSS, 

Com'g Co. F, 25th Reg. M. V." 

" POOLESVILLE, Mc, Dec. 14th, 1861. 

Sec'y Soldieis Aid Society : I was surprised to learn through a friend 
that you had never received any acknowledgment of the receipt of those three 
boxes of blankets, &c., sent Co. B, Fitchburg Fusiliers. You are of course 
aware they were sent direct to Major Kimball, and I think I have heard liim 
speak of having written you in regard to them. However, I will take this 
occasion to say they came safely to hand, and were gladly received. It is 
certainly a consolation to knoio that although we are absent, we are still 
kindly remembered by the generous ladies of your Society, and we have rea- 
son to feel that we shall not be allowed to suffer for the want of anything 
that will add to our comfort in camp during the present winter. 

You will please accept the sincere thanks of every member of our Compa- 
ny, and extend the same to the Ladies of the Soldiers Aid Society, for the 
very generous supply of blankets, socks and mittens, and 
I am, Very Respectfully, 

CHAS. II. EAGER, Lieut. Com'g Co. B. 

"Who could be other than faitliful to the mcu who were faithful 
themselves, not only to go\erniiieiit in its hoiu of [eril, but to the 



120 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

best instincts of our nature as well ; not forgetting amid the hardening 
tendencies and exhausting toil of campaign-life — a life that supposes 
constant privation and danger and death itself; not forgetting to 
thank in fervent words friends at home for every exertion put forth 
in their behalf ? 

Articles of convenience and comfort were sent to the Thirty-sixth 
Regiment at Worcester, and the Fifty-third Regiment at Groton, and 
elicited the accompanying letter from the former, and a set of reso- 
lutions, enthusiastic in their gratitude, from the latter. 



" Camp Wool, Worcester, Aug. 9, 1862. 
To the Prest of the Ladies Aid Society, Filchhurg: 

I am tliroLited by Oapt. Barker tu ackniivvledge the receipt of fifty- 
five towels aad ueedlo-books, so kiudly furnished his company by the ladies 
of your Society. Such a remembrance can not but be appreciated by men, 
who, having known what home is, sadly miss its many little conveniences in 
the camp. 

' Please send in your orders,' was written on the bundle. 

Can you furnish the company with jlannel shirts ? The shirts furnished 
by the Govornmont arc of the coarsest kind of cotton. They are not suitable 
for this kind of life at all. The health of the men requires that they should 
be east aside. Moreover, the men would make a better appearance about 
the camp, as the cotton shirts become very easily soiled. We would like to 
liave the shirts of the same color — gray. 

With many thanks for favors already received, 

I remain, Yours very truly, 

HENRY S. BURR AGE." 



^'TJie Ftisiliers to the Ladies of Fitchburg. 

Camp Stevens, Groton Junction, Nov. 28th, 1862, 
Whereas, The Ladies of Fitchburg have done very much for the benefit 
of the soldiers here encamped, and by so doing have nobly made manifest 
more fully to our view that noble trait of character which enters so much into 
the composition of every true and noble woman, namely, true benevolence, 
and whereas, beUeving it is our duty as men and soldiers, to in some way 
tender an acknowledgment of these many favors to the donors, — therefore, 



riTCIIBURQ IN TIIE REBELLION. 121 

Resolved, That we, the members of the Fitchburg Fusiliers (Capt. Miles) 
sincerely believe that the assertion is true that "the liberal soul shall be 
made fat," and that if you " scatter your bread upon the waters, after many 
days that ye shall receive it again many fold." 

Resolved, That we tender our sincere thanks to the ladies of Fitchburg, 
who have at home and in our camp, done what they could to make our lives 
pleasant and happy. 

Resolved, That it gives us courage to go forth to battle for the right, 
when we view that nobleness of character, and holiness of love of country, 
manifested by fair woman in the many ways she has of showing it to the 
world. 

Resolved, That we ask God, the Almighty Ruler of all, to bless the noble 
women of Fitchburg. 

Resolved, That these resolves be tendered to the ladies of Fitchburg, ask- 
in"' them to accept them with our hearty God bless them, through the columns 
of the papers of Fitchburg. 

These resolves were unanmiously adopted, November 29th, 1862. 

GEORGE H. BAILEY, 1st Serg't." 



If there were those who had made some sacrifice of time or 
ease for the soldier's sake, they were more than compensated by 
this tribute of generous praise, and by the consciousness of having 
done good and served the right. The heart deserved pity that 
was not lifted up by a great unselfish resolve to do something 
worthy so rare an opportunity as such times and events oSered. 

The last named regiment, (Fifty-third,) after starting for the 
seat of war was detained long in New York city amid circum- 
stances of pecuhar discomfort, and wishing to cheer them with 
some token of home condolence, the Society despatched to them 
the first day of January, 1863, a " happy new year," not of 
words only, though they were not wanting, but whose most taste- 
ful manifestation was an inviting dinner. " Wishes " took form 
and shape in fat turkeys rightly roasted, and such plum puddings 
and pies as every son of the regiment knew could not be made 
anywhere outside of the dear old New England home he was leav- 
ing. The dinner performed its mission to the hearts, as well as 
appetites of those for whom it was intended, judging from the ac- 
knowledgments. 

16 



122 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 

" New York, Jan. 10, 1863. 
Sec'y Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society, 

Madam : I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your kind and patriotic 
note of the 2d inst., also, the generous New Year's dinner furnished us 
under the auspices of your most noble and benevolent Society. In behalf of 
the company under my command, I most sincerely thank you. 

It is unnecessary, as well as impossible, for me to express to you by the 
multiplicity of words, the feelings which the soldier experiences on such occa- 
sions as our last New Year's dinner, and I can only wish that your Society 
might have been present to witness the joyous effects of their kindly deeds. 
Allow me in this connection, to express to you my deep obligations and 
thanks for the very many favors bestowed upon the company under my com- 
mand, by your Society during the past three months. May God bless and 
crown all your efforts to relieve the necessities, and to lighten the burden of 
the soldiers, with the utmost success. 

I am, madam, most respectfully, 

Your ob't servant, 

EUGENE T. MILES, 
Commanding Co. A, 53d Keg't M. V. M." 

"Franklin Street Barracks, New York, Jan. 4, 1863 
Secy Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society of Fitchhurg, 

Yours of the 3d inst. was received yesterday, also, the boxes of pro- 
visions so kindly contributed by your Society, which were received by the 
company with loud applause and many cheers for those of our friends who 
have so often remembered us in our absence since we left our own dear 
homes, families and friends. 

We feel assured that although we are absent, we are not forgotten by our 
many friends at home. We hope our>bsence from our friends to the call of 
our country, may, and will be beneficial to all who remain at home, as well 
as to those of us who have volnuteered our services to help put down this 
terrible rebellion. 

In behalf of the officers and members of Company B, I most cheerfully 
return you our warmest thanks for the bounteous supply of provisions you 
have so generously contributed at this time, also, you will please accept our 
heartfelt thanks for the many articles we have before received at your hands. 

Yours very respectfully, 

JONAS COREY, 
Captrin of Co. B, 53d Reg't M. V. M." 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 123 

It wag the design of the Society to make its own townsmen its 
first care, and after meeting their needs, extend its aid to the loyal 
army in general, being limited only by its capacity to do. The 
main channels through which its labors were given to the cause 
were the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, two great streams 
of blessing flowing all over the theater of conflict, penetrating the 
wards of every hospital, and reaching every red field of combat, 
where their tender, sacred offices could avail aught for the wounded, 
the dying, or the dead. 

Another very eSicient branch of the service through which this 
Society acted, was the " Mass. Rehef Association," located at Wash- 
ington, which, as its name would indicate, made the suflermg sons 
of Massachusetts its more especial charge. 

Added to these, numerous contributions were sent to various 
other points. To the " New England Soldiers Rehef Association" 
in New York City, to the " Worcester Relief Society," and to in- 
dividuals laboring in hospitals, who were known to the Society and 
who applied to it for assistance. From these wide-spread sources, 
frequent letters were received, testifying to the readiness of the 
Society in answering calls made upon it, and to the value of its 
donations. A few of the letters it may be interesting to preserve. 

" Washington, D, C, October 20, 1864, 
Secy Soldiers Aid Society, Fitchburg, Mass., 

My Dear Madame : I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of two 
boxes of hospital supplies from the ladies of Fitchburg, forwarded through 
Surgeon General Dale. I am deeply grateful for this mark of your confi- 
dence in our Agency, and for your appreciation of the needs of our suffering 
soldiers. Many of the articles sent to us are forwarded directly to City 

Point, where we have had an Agency since that became the base of 
operations. 

It is our aim that no Massachusetts soldier sliall want for anything ; and, 
while all our monied expenses are mot by the State, we rely on the noble 
women of the Commonwealth to supply the comforts and luxuries. 

Will you please convey to the ladies of Fitchburg my thanks for their gen- 
erous contribution. I am, Madame, Your obedient servant, 

GAEDINEE TUFTS," J/os5. Millitary Agent, 
By J. S. Yassall, Ass't." 



124 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

" N. E. Women's Auxiliary Association, Boston. 
To the Soldiers Aid Society of Fitchhurg, 

Ladies : The work that for so long a time has occupied the hearts 
of the women of the land, is a bond of common interest among us all, that 
seems to draw us into closest sympathy, and to ask for some direct expression- 
It is with the feeling of long companionship that we now address you. 

For three years many of us have been at work, with one purpose — of re- 
lieving, so far as might be, the necessary hardships of the loyal army. We 
began uncertainly, sending our gifts somewhere where soldiers were, but 
with no system, with no assurance that they would accomplish our intention. 
Then came the Sanitary Commission, with its wonderful plan of wise econ- 
omy, of tender pity, of careful justice, appealing straight to the heart of the 
people and the soldiers. How joyfully we seized its promise ! and now wo 
see how well it has been redeemed. 

It is two years and a half since the New England Branch began its 
work, and its record shows how true the homes have been to the camp. We 
who have the privilege of receiving the gifts of New England, read many a 
letter whose words make our tears rise, and our hearts stir. They come with 
the clothes of the dead son, or husband, sent with tender yearnings for all 
those who suffer and " may die like him for their dear country," or with gifts 
that are thank-offerings for the lives yet spared, or from little children who 
want to take their share in helping the brave soldiers. The many fears and 
sorrows of the people, find soothing in the work that nothing else can give. 

We all see, I think, how our own personal efforts and sacrifices influence 
the welfare of the army and the country. ]^ach one's share is little towards 
such an end, but in the mass, its power is beyond our estimate. Not only 
does our duty lie in giving, but in believing. 

We owe our country our unwavering faith. We should never forget to 
keep the truth and justice for which we fight, clear in our own and others' 
minds. We owe our deepest sympathy and encouragement to the men who 
must fight these battles, so marvellous for their courage, so fearful in their 
misery. In such times as these, a woman's courage is as precious as a man's; 
it is the spring from which the army gets much of its patience. And so in 
our woman's way wo help to fight the battles. If we do our duty, the future 
will bring many blessed memories. What bitterness would be in the thought 
that we had been dead to the opportunities of such times ! 

There never has been so much call for relief, as now ; the army is larger 
than ever before. We have every stimulant to hope ; the end seems to draw 
near 1 Let us take new heart in our work ! 

With hearty interest, truly yours, 

MARY G. LORING, Sec'y Exec. Com. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 125 

"U. S. Gkn'l Hospital, Annapolis, Mp., March 19, 1863. 
Sectretary Ladies^ Aid Society, Fitchhurg, Mass. : 

Dear Madam : I take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of 
three valuable and precious boxes, one cask, and one keg of pickles, all of 
which were most acceptable, came to us in good order, and in a good time, 
just as we are receiving so many of our poor starved prisoners. 

Please accept our most hearty thanks for them ; rest assured that it made 
our hearts glad to see so many nice things before us for our poor ' boys.' 
Boats are coming in daily, loaded with these starved 'prisoners. Since last 
Sabbath (week) we have had 143 (one hundred and forty-three) deaths in 
this hospital. We are losing so many of our brave and nolle men — is it not 
sad ? One poor, dying boy said to me this morning : ' Sister, shall I never 
see mother again ? I had hoped to go home and die with her — I cannot, but 
I die among friends. ' Daily do we hoar similar expressions, which are very 
trying. Though our experiences are sad, there i? real pleasure in doing the 
little we can to alleviate so much suffering as we see among the returned pris- 
oners. Again thanking you for your very liberal donations to this hospital, 
and bidding you who are engaged in this noble work, God speed, 

I am yours, Very Respectfully, 

R. S. ELLIS." 



" New York, September 20, 1862. 
Secretary Soldiers Aid Society: 

Madam : In behalf of the Ladies of this Association, I beg to 
acknowledge the receipt of your two large boxes — as well timed as they 
were complete. 

Yours respectfully, 

FRANK E. HOWE, 
Fitchburg, Mass. Supt. N'. E. Soldiers Relief Asso'n. 



" Worcester, Mass., Morning of the 27tu Feb., 1862. 
Sec*y Soldiers Aid Society, 

Dear Madam : The Worcester Soldiers' Relief Committee acknowl- 
edge the receipt of a box and a bundle of supplies for St. Louis, from the 
" Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society" of Fitchburg. 

It was a very opportune, as well as generous donation, and we thank you, 
and the ladies of your Society for forwarding them at this time, when there 
is so great demand for supplies in the Western Department. United as we 
are in a common cause, and stimulated by a common sympathy for the sick 



126 [fitchburq in the rebellion. 

or wounded soldier, much, I doubt not, will be done to relieve tlie suffering 
which can not be prevented. 

We have heard of your active labors in this National interest, and it ia 
pleasant to feel that we are laboring together, in a noble cause. 

Yours very truly, 

S. P. MILLER, Sec'yofComr 



The amount in money received and expended while the organ- 
ization lasted, was something above fifteen hundred dollars. No 
estimate could be made of the value of what was given beside 
money, but that liberal things were devised, closely-packed boxes 
of clothmg, bedding, and dehcacies for the sick, could frequently 
and fully attest. 

There were special seasons in the history of the Society that 
stand out prominently against a back-ground, of stated meetings 
and regular on-going work. Seasons of aborbing interest, when 
the members were aroused by some imperative call, that flew from 
lip to lip, and from house to house, reminding one of an old rally- 
ing cry of the Highland Clans — 

" The muster-place be Lanric mead — 
Instant the time — speed, clansmen, speed ! 
Herald of battle, fate, and fear." 

And home cares were put by, while all hurried to the meeting- 
place, to help in the painful exigency that had so hastily sum- 
moned them together. One such occasion was when tidings came 
that the National Capitol was in danger, and men were needed 
in its defence, and two companies from this town were ordered 
to report in Boston, ready for duty, at a few hours' notice. The 
record of the Society says : " Forthwith, the ladies, Monday morn- 
ino- though it was, snatched sewing implements, and in rapid haste 
gathered at the Town Hall, to fit out our men with flannel shirts 
and other appropriate garments, and sewing-machines and busy 
fingers vied with each other to achieve the work." Again, when 
listening ears caught the echo of such pitiless strife as at Gettys- 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 127 

burg, the Wilderness, and other places alike memorable for their 
wild "work of death, there was hurrying to action. The cry that 
swept up from those war-strewn plains, for help, for thousands of 
brave men ready to perish, was thrilling in its effect. Every house- 
hold was laid under contribution for their relief, and such motive 
power as the heart only can supply, was added to hands already 
used to work, at thought of wounds needing that moment, per- 
chance, the soft compress, or lint, or bandage, and the sinking 
forms needing the cordial and restorative, all being so rapidly got 
in readiness. May Heaven avert a recurrence of such scenes. 

The close of the war brought back to many members of the 
Society, fathers, husbands, and sons, unharmed. In the homes of 
others, the vacant chairs to-day are eloquent of what a costly 
thing to them has been the preservation of our Republic. 

With the disbanding of the army, the necessity of a Soldiers 
Aid Society ceased ; and it held its last meeting June 22d, 1865, no 
member regretting she had been identified with its labors, but 
rather that it could not more truthfully be said of her, " she hath 
done what she could." 

THE SOLDIERS' RELIEF COMMITTEE. 

This Committee was a large one, appointed from all sections of the 
town, and had its origin at a meeting of the citizens, held at the 
Town Hall, on the 2Gth of September, 18(31, " to organize for the 
more effectual aid and comfort of the soldiers in the field from this 
town, and their families." 

The following were chosen " a committee to raise funds to aid 
enhstments, to procure comforts for our soldiers and their families, and 
take such other action in the matter as may be deemed expedient." 

T. R. BOUTELLE, CHAS. BURLEIGH, C. W. CARTER, 

ALVAH CROCKER, T. S. WILSON, EDAVIN JACKSON, 

L. H. BRADFORD, A. 1\ KIMBALL, DANIEL WORKS, 

J. B. LANE, N. S. BOUTELLE, JOEL PAGE, 

H. A. WILLIS, Wm. WOODBURY, Ju., J. P. PUTNAM. 

H. L. REED, JOSEPH UPTON, M. L. IIOLDEN. 



128 FITCHBURG IN THE IlEBELLION". 

The Committee proceeded at once to their labors, and collected a 
large amount of money and farm produce, as Avell as clothing ; and 
chose the following as an Executive Committee to distribute the same 
wherever needed : 

T. R. BouTELLE, Alvau Crocker, L. H. Buadkoro, H. L. Reed. 

H. A. Willis. 

This sub-committee immediately issued the following circular : 

TO THE PUBLIC. 

" The undersigned, members of the Executive Committee raised from 
the ' Soldiers Relief Committee,' chosen at a meeting of citizens, September 
2oth, 1861, and charged with the duty of receiving and disbursing sub- 
scriptions (whether clothing, provisions, fuel or otherwise) made for the 
relief of the families of Soldiers absent at the seat of war, would announce, 
that the charitable offerings of our fellow citizens have been such as to enable 
them to meet in these particulars the present wants of such needy families. 
Being prepared, therefore, and desirous of relieving the genuine necessities 
of all those whose relief appropriately belongs to them, they would request 
that any and all cases of destitution in the families of Volunteers may be 
reported to either of the gentlemen of the Committee without delay, that they 
may receive the aid which humanity and patrotism alike bid us to bestow." 
[Signed by the Committee.] 

This Committee had just got fairly at work when the disastrous 
battle at Balls BluiT occiu-red. It will be remembered that our Com- 
pany in the Fifteenth Regiment suffered terribly in that engagement, 
and Captain Simonds, with eighteen of his men, were taken prisoners. 
Of their fate we knew nothing until November 20th, 1861, when 
letters were received from Captain Simonds, informing us that they 
were in piison at Richmond, and making an earnest appeal for help 
for his men, who were suffering for want of clothing and money. 
A public meeting was called and held the same evening, at which 
letters were read from Captain Simonds containing most affecting 
appeals in behalf of his men, who, he said, had done all that men 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 1^9 

could do under the circumstances In which they were placed, and 
were now suffering in prison, without sufficient clothing, and barely 
food enough to sustam them, and asked if sometliing might not be 
done for them. The brave, large hearted Captain, indifferent as to 
his own fate, could not bear to see his men suffering. " God bless 
them, he says; they are all good men and true, and deserve to be 
cared for. 

A subscription list was opened upon the spot ; and during the 
evening and the next day, $700 in cash was raised ; and about one 
hundred dollars' worth of clothing contributed by the different traders. 
The money and other supplies were put into the hands of the " Sol- 
diers Relief Committee," who proceeded, in connection with the Ladies 
Aid Soci ety, at once to make up a large pacT^age of clothing, blankets 
&c., to forward to Richmond. It being doubtful whether the goods 
and money proposed to be sent would go through if merely forwarded 
by Express, it was decided to send a special messenger with them to 
Fortress ]\Ionroe, to make arrangements with the General command- 
ing for getting them through the lines. Accordingly, on Monday, 
November 26th, Mr. Wilhs of the Committee, started with the same 
for Fortress Monroe, and also for a visit to the camps of the Fifteenth, 
Twenty-First and Twenty-Fifth Regiments. His success is chronicled 
in the following extract from a letter which appeared in the Heveille 
of December 6th, and the letter following it from Captain Simonds, 
received in about three weeks after the goods were forwarded from 
Fitchburg. 



Mr. Editor : Having been delegated by the Soldiers' Relief Committee 
of this town to proceed to Fortress IMonroe for the purpose of forwarding 
money and articles of clothing to our unfortunate soldiers at Richmond, and 
thinking some report from mo might not Ije unacceptable to the many friends 
who so promptly came forward with their generous subscriptions, I beg the 
pri\nlege of the colunms of your pajier for that purpose. 

Ou Monday, Nov. 25th, I left Fitchburg, accompanied by a friend, for 
Fortress Monroe, with an ample supply of clothing and money for the pris- 
oners of Co. B. Wo arrived safely at our place of destination on Wcdnes- 
17 



130 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

day morning, the 27th. We at once sought an interview with Gen. Wool, 
who comjnands that post, for the purpose of advising with him in relation to 
sending the articles forward to Richmond. We found him in the midst of 
official business, but he was not too busy to give to us his attention and advice 
in so humane an object as that which we brought to his notice. He appeared 
to take the greatest interest in the oliject of our visit, and told us at once 
that he thought there could be no difficulty in getting the articles through to 
Richmond, and into the hands of those for whom they were intended, inas- 
much as he had just received a letter from Gen. Huger who commands at 
Norfolk, giving permission to him to send any articles of comfort he might 
think best to the prisoners at Richmond. At a second interview on the next 
day, arrangements were perfected for sending the goods, money, and letters, 
by 'flag of truce,' to Norfolk, thence to be forwarded by express. On the 
next day, Friday, the 29th, they were sent up, together with some packages 
from other sources, and I doubt not that ere this they have reached their 
destination, and gladdened t!ie hearts of our brave but unfortunate soldiers. 
It is hoped that before many days official acknowlcdgmont of their receipt 
will be received. 

Having completed our business at this point, we left Fortress Monroe on 
the evening of the 29th, for Annapolis, where are stationed the Twenty-first 
and Twenty-fifth Mass. Regiments. The former is quartered in the Naval 
School building, as most of your readers are aware, where they have remained 
for many weeks, and we learn that their presence and conduct have been 
very acceptable to tlie people of tliis ancient city. They will jjrobably re- 
main at this post for the present. The Twenty-fifth Regiment, Col. Upton, 
is encamped on a very pleasant spot, about 1 1-2 miles from the city. 
They appear to be in excellent health, and under the best of discipline, as 
who could doubt they would be, under such officers as Upton and Sprague. 
It is expected that this regiment will leave, during the present month, in 
Burnside's Division, and is to form a part of the First Brigade under Brig. 
Gen. J. G. Foster, of Conn , he already having assigned it the post of honor 
— the right of the Brigade. This Regiment had been pronounced by Gov. 
Andrew and others to be the finest which had left the State. Quartermaster 
Brown dispenses the substantials from his office in the Navy yard. We are 
under obligations to him for his generous hospitality. Leaving Annapolis, 
we started for a visit to the gallant Fifteenth Regiment at Poolesville, via 
Washington. We reached their camp on Monday evening, after nine hours 
ride from Washington, in an old-ftishioned stage coach, and over a road which 
pen would fail me to describe. But the hearty greetings which we received 
on our arrival, from officers and men, at once dispelled any recollection of 
hardships endured in reaching their camp. 

We found the regiment in com])arativeIy good healtli, and tiie best of spir- 



FITCHBURG IN THE HEBELLION. 131 

ita. The disaster of October 21.st, though it must have had a depressing 
influence for the time being, has not had the effect to dishearten or demoralize 
the regiment at all, so far as I can judge. It is very gratifying to observe 
the spirit of content and of determination which prevails among the men. 
In my two days visit to their camp I did not hear the first word of complaint 
or discouragement." 



" HiciiMoND, Dec. 15tu, 1861, 
Mr. Willis— 

Dear Sir : Your letter bearing date Fortress Monroe, November 
25th, came to hand on the 13th inst. I had previously received the clothing, 
on December 3d, and a letter from A. P. Kimball, informing me of what 
had been done by the generous people of Fitchburg, of which I have 
acknowledged the receipt. The cause of the delay of the money I am unable 
to account for, and began to feel somewhat anxious about it, being infomied 
that it was sent at the same time with the clothing ; but now it is all right. 
I feel under great obligations to yourself and others, who have been so 
prompt and generous in this matter. Believe me. dear sir, you and they 
have the heartfelt thanks of myself and those of my companions who are 
unfortunately here in Richmond. It is a fact of which I shall ever speak 
with pride, that Fitchhurg was the first and only toivn as yet to aid her 
prisoners, and Massachusetts the only State. Since the clothing came from 
Fitchburg, clothing of all kinds, enough for three hundred and fifty men, 
has arrived, sent by the State authorities of ^Massachusetts, for the relief 
of her men now here in captivity, placing them in comfort in this respect 
for the winter. 

The members of Company B, for whom you inquire, I am sorry to say 
I have every' reason to believe are no more. C. D. Monroe died in the 
hospital at Leesburg. He was shot through both legs, and died under the 
operation of amputation — so I am informed. Privates Scott and Benjamin 
I cannot give any account of, but they are missing from camp, and I think 
they must have been killed on the field of battle. They were all worthy 
and true men. " Peace to their ashes." 

Five members of the Fifteenth have died here. Two of Company B arc 
sick with measles, but I hope for their recovery. 

With many wishes for your prosperity and happiness, I am, sir, 

Yours most truly, 

C. S. SIMONDS, 
H. A. Willis, Esq. Copt. Co. B, 16th RegH. 



132 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Thu3 it will be seen, and it is a fact of ■vvliich we may well be 
proud, that Fitchburg was the first in the ivhole North to extend 
succor to her sivffering 'prisoners in the bands of the rebels, an 
example which was promptly followed by many other communities, 
and continued from time to time until the barbarity of the rebel 
autliorities put a stop to it, and the horrors of Andersonville, Salis- 
bury and other foul prisons, followed. 

During the winter of 1861 and 1862 the Relief Committee were 
fully organized and at work, relieving the needy families of soldiers. 

Our citizens nobly responded to all their calls for money and 

provisions, and wo believe that all were well provided for. At 

Town Meeting, December 14th, 1861, one thousand dollars was 

appropriated and placed subject to the order of the Committee as 

per vote as follows : 

'' Voted, That the town appropriate $1000, which sum shall be put into 
the hands of a committee of five citizens with full discretion and power to 
appropriate the same for the soldiers of this town now in, or who may be in, 
the army, in such manner as they may deem expedient ; and that T. R. 
Boutelle, Alvah Crocker, L. H. Bradford, H. L. Read and H A. Willis be 
that committee." 

The operations of this committee extended over a period of two 
years, when its labors ceased. 

The whole amount of cash contributed to its Treasury by sub- 
scription, donations of individuals, from the " Amateur Dramatic 
Club," and town appropriation, was about two thousand dollars, all 
of which was judiciously expended for the benefit of the soldiers 
and their families. The amount of clothing and farm produce 
received and disbursed was also large, but no accurate account of 
the same has been preserved. 

Although this Committee ceased to exist after October, 1863, 
the following pages will show that the welfare and comfort of our 
soldiers continued to be, as it had been, an object of the highest 
regard and constant, watchful care of our citizens. 

After nearly all of the great battles, committees were sent to the 
front with large quantities of supplies — and to care for and bring 
home the wounded. 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 133 

AFTER "BALL'S BLUFF." 

1861. 

The dl3a3trou3 battle of Ball's Bluflf was fought October 2l3t, 18G1. 
News was received a few days later of the terrible suffering our men 
had undergone in the unequal contest. This was the first battle in 
which Fitchburg men had been engaged, and it produced much excite- 
ment, for details of the affair came forward slowly. 

We think, however, that a public meeting was not called, but that 
the Selectmen, after conferring with some of the leading citizens, 
decided to send a committee to the camp of the Fusiliers immediately, 
and Dr. Alfred Hitchcock, A. P. Kimball, C. Marshall and Stephen 
Shepley were selected to go. They left at once for Poolesville, Md., 
taking with them supplies of clothing and delicaces for the sick and 
wounded. They spent several days with the soldiers, and returned, 
bringing with them George T. Daniels and G. Bowman Simonds, 
both badly wounded. 

They reported the remnant of the regiment in good health, and as 
full of fight as ever. The sight of faces from home seemed to cheer 
them much, and there is no doubt that the policy thus inaugurated of 
sending committees of citizens to the front, after severe battles, and 
which was continued through the war, was highly beneficial as well as 
gratifying to the soldIer3. It gave them assurance of the regard in 
which they were held by their fellow citizens at home, and did much 
to sustain them in the hour of trial. 

AFTER "ROANOKE ISLAND." 

Immediately upon receipt of news of the battle of Roanoke Island, 
the Soldiers' Relief Committee, in connection with the Ladies' Aid 
Society, sent Hale W. Page, Esq., and L. H. Bradford, Esq., to the 
scene of action to look after the dead and wounded of the Twenty- 
first and Twenty-fifth Regiments. Dr. A. Hitchcock of this town, 
was also sent by the Governor in behalf of the State. They were 



134 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

very successful in their mission, and after spending a few days with 
the regiments, administering to the comfort of the sick and wounded, 
they started on the return, with about a dozen wounded soldiers 
belonging in this town, arriving about the 10th of March. We 
subjoin their report. 

REPORT OF THE ROANOKE COMMISSIONERS. 

" To the Selectmen of Fitchhurg, ani the Ghainnaa of the Soldiers^ 

Relief Committee : 

Ge\tlemen : — We submit a joint report of our mission to Roanoke I^;land, 
to look after our sick and wounded soldiers of the battle of February 8th. 
Immeliately after baiug designated for the object, we made hurried prepara- 
tions for our journey, and arriving on Monday, February 17tb, at Philadel- 
phia, W3 W3re furnished with free tickets to Baltimore and back, by H. F. 
Kenney, E^q., our former townsman, who afforded us other facilities for our 
comfort and transportation. Arriving at Fortress Monroe with letters from 
our Selectmen and Hon. Alvah Crocker, we at once obtained an inter- 
view with General Wool, who endorsed our papers " to any master of a ves- 
sel going South, as a patriotic and merciful mission." We left Hampton 
Roads on the steamer Jersey Blue, Captain Jackaway, the same afternoon, 
with two hundred and fifty soldiers from the hospital at Annapolis, going 
to join their regiments in General Burnside's expedition. 

After saiUng down the coast to within a short distance of Cape Hatfceras, 
the wind from the northeast, with heavy squalls and a rough sea, the storm 
all the time increasing, the captain deemed it imprudent to proceed, gave 
orders to about ship, and we returned the next day to the place of our depar- 
ture. On Thursday we left again in the same steamer, but a northeast storm 
coming on when outside of Cape Henry, we returned inside of the lighthouse, 
and came to anchor under the guns of the blockading steamer Cambridge, 
and laid there through the storm until the 23J, when a boat coming along- 
side from her, wo concluded to leave our crowded vessel and seek another 
conveyance. The officers of the steamer were mostly Massachusetts citizens, 
and offered us the hospitalities of the ship and conveyance to Fortress 
Monroe, which wo gladly accepted. On Tuesday, the 25th, we took passage 
on the steamer Eastern State, Captain Teel, and had a pleasant voyage 
except once in the night we got into the breakers on the rebel coast, arriving 
at stormy Hatteras Inlet after our third attempt, in safety. We at once 
addressed ourselves to the task of getting conveyance to Roanoke Island, 
and after spending four days, bandied aliout from steamer to steamer, were 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 13.) 

offoi-ed a passage on the old ferry boat Chancellor Livingston, whleh was 
loaded with men and material, including one hundred and fifty horses of 
Captain Belcher's Fourth Rhode Island Battery. After sailing, we learned 
that his acting physician, James S. Greene of Fitchburg, was sick at the 
hospital at the Inlet, and we determined if possible, to take him home with 
us on our return. We arrived at Roanoke Island I\Iarch/2d, being the fif- 
teenth day of our journey, and after a weary walk up the beach three miles 
in a dripping rain, we reached Colonel Upton's IIead([uarters. hike a true 
soldier as he is, he at once welcomed us to Camp Foster and to his hospitali- 
ties. We here met the other staff officers of the Twenty-fifth Regiment 
Mass. Volunteers., who gave us a hearty welcome. 

Col. Upton and Quartermaster Brown when informed of the object of our 
visit, thanked us with tears of gratitude again and again, assuring us how 
highly they esteemed the kindness and sympathy of friends at home in send- 
ing us down after their sick and wounded, and said if we had brought 
thousands of dollars from our citizens it would not have begun to do them as 
much good — it plainly showed they were cared for while breasting the possi- 
bilities of war. 

After spending nearly four days on the island, renewing old friendships 
and forming ne\y, visiting the sick and wounded, seeing and taking by the 
hand all of our townsmen, and in looking out the graves of the dead, we 
began to make preparation to return home, and suggested that packages or 
letters entrusted to our care, would be safely delivered. At our embarka- 
tion we had upwards of forty boxes of trophies, nearly the whole for 
Massachusetts, and a large number of letters. 

We went on board the steamer Ellen S. Terry, the 5th inst., with about 
two hundred souls ; one hundred and twenty-five were sick and wounded, 
the victims of the battle of February 8th, in charge of Dr. Alfred Hitclicock 
of this town, sent home by General Burnside. The Dr. had kindly obtained 
transportation, and invited us to assist in alleviating the sufferings of the 
brave fellows. On the 6th inst. we arrived at Hatteras Inlet, but too late to 
pass over the "Swash" that night in the steamer. About 8 o'clock we 
obtained a boat's crew from a distant vessel, and late at night we landed at 
Fort Hatteras, and started over the beach for Fort Clark, and found our 
sick townsman, Mr. Greene, in the hospital. The commander of the post, 
Col. Nagle, of the Forty-eighth Regiment of Penn. Vols., liaving his camp 
some four miles up on the island, one of our number made an early visit to 
his quarters, through a perfect hurricane of wind and sand, and obtained the 
necessary furlough for Mr. Greene. Tliat day wo had the hardest blow of 
the season, and our steamer, in attempting to come down, went on to the 
" swash," where she stuck fast, with her flag hung in distress, until near 
sunset, when she steamed off the fjuicksands. The next morning, boiu" the 



136 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

8th inst., we engaged a platoon of contrabands, and took our sick friend and 
his luo;;2;ao-e on board of the steamer, and, boinsj all on board, we left the 
inlet, and wont over the bar in safety. 

We reached Baltimore the next night, at half-past eleven o'clock, and landed 
some forty of our passengers, and as we desired to land our sick and wounded 
at Philadelphia, one of us traveled the streets of Baltimore until half-past 
two o'clock in tlie morning, in pursuit of a pilot to take us through the 
Cheaspeake and Delaware Canal. One having been obtained, the steamer 
left at three o'clock for Philadelphia, where we arrived at sunset, landing at 
the depot of the Camden & Amboy Railroad Co. Suitable cars having 
been provided, we found it no easy task to remove our sick and wounded, 
fifteen of whom were obliged to be carried from the steamer on litters. We 
left at night, arriving the next morning by day-light at Jersey City. Soon 
afterwards, Col. Fi-ank E. Howe came over, and proposed that we proceed 
over the ferry with teams to the Park Barracks in New York, where break- 
fiist was provided for us. At two o'clock P. M., we left for the depot of 
the New York & New Haven Railroad Co., on 27th street; but our men, 
sick and wounded as they were, and their luggage, were refused admittance, 
until the arrival of Colonel Howe, at about three o'clock, who gave his per- 
sonal security for our transportation, and we left the city, arriving that even- 
ing at Springfield at nine o'clock, where a bountiful supply of refreshments 
was served in the cars by Mayor Bemis. Just before midnight, we reached 
Worcester, and the Mayor, Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, met us at the depot, 
and carefully brought us to the Bay State House, where all our wants were 
generously provided for by the city. At about noon the next day, being 
the 12th iust., wo arrived at Fitchburg, having been absent twenty-five days. 

In this account our townsmen will see that ours was no pleasure trip, 
except the pleasure of finding our hearts and hands filled with constant labor 
for tlie sick and wounded ; not of our own town only, but all of the sick and 
suffsring whom a common cause had made brothers. 

L. H. BRADFORD, 
H. W. PAGE. 

Fltchhiirg, March IMi, 1862." 

AFTER ANTIETAM. 

18G2. 
The battle of Antictam was fought Sept. 17th, 18G2, and im- 
mediately upon rccei}>i of the news of the same, a meeting of the 
citizens was called to take measures for the relief of our suffering 
soldiers at the front. 



FITCIIBURG IN TUE REBELLION. 137 

A large amount of money and supplies were contributed, and a 
committee chosen to visit the late battle-field and administer to the 
comfort of the sick and wounded. The committee consisted of Dr. 
Alfred Hitchcock, Alvah Crocker, A. P. Kimball, Benj, Prentiss, 
Norman Stone, and Alonzo Davis. 

They visited Sharpsburg, Frederick, Middletown, Harper's Ferry, 
and "Washington, and found much to be done for our poor soldier 
boys. Through them., every sick and wounded soldier of the Fif- 
teenth and Twenty-first Regiments received five dollars in cash, 
of which they were sadly in need, not having been paid off for 
five months. 

They obtained the consent of the authorities to take the wound- 
ed home, but were unable to procure transportation from the gov- 
ernment, and returned without them. But Mr. Crocker immedi- 
ately returned to Washington, and through the combined efforts 
of Dr. Hitchcock and himself, arrangements were soon perfected, 
and a large number of the men brought safely to their homes. 

These gentlemen deserve much credit for their indefatigable ef- 
forts for the soldiers' comfort. Dr. Hitchcock's skill as a surgeon 
was in ample request during his stay in the neighborhood of the 
battle field where thousands were lans-uishino; and suffering; from 
wounds of every description. They have the gratitude of many a 
soldier, as well as that of their fellow citizens. 

AFTER FREDERICKSBURG. 

1862. 
No committee was sent to the battle field of Fredericksburg imme- 
diately after the battle, but supphes were promptly sent forward as- 
usual. Our army went into winter quarters soon after at Falmouth, 
and during the winter two prominent members of the Ladies' Soldiers. 
Aid Society (Mrs. E. Torrey and Mrs. L. H. Bradford) visited the 
camps of the Fifteenth and Twenty-first Regiments, taking some 
little comforts for the boys, and what was more, taking to them by 
their own presence, the assurance that tlie wives and sisters and 
18 



138 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

daughters of Fitchburg were working as earnestly in their behalf as 
ever, and would continue to do their share as long as they should 
need their sympathy and care. We doubt not that their visit did 
something to cheer the drooping spirits of our brave ones during this, 
the darkest winter of the whole war. 

AFTER "GETTYSBURG." 

1863. 
The following account of measures taken for the relief of our 
soldiers immediately after the battle of Gettysburg, is from the 
Reveille of July 16th, 1863 : 

" In view of the wants of our sick and wounded now lying in Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, and in the vicinity of Gettysburg, and the probability of another 
battle, notice was given from the several pulpits of Fitchburg, on Sunday, 
July 12th, 1863, of a meeting of citizens in the evening to take measures to 
raise and forward supplies. The meeting was fully attended, and was opened 
with prayer by Rev. Mr. Heard. Hon. Alvah Crocker presided, and T. K. 
Ware, Esq. was chosen secretary. A general committee was chosen, and 
one lady and one gentleman from each school district, to solicit supplies and 
subscriptions. Messrs. Crocker, Heard, and Hitchcock addressed the meet- 
ing, setting forth in earnest and eloquent terms the wants and sufferings of 
our brave soldiers, and Rev. Mr. Brooks made the closing prayer. The re- 
sults of this appeal to our citizens were the following contributions, which 
were forwarded Monday evening in charge of H. F. Coggshall, to Mr. Stuart 
at Philadelphia, disbursing agent of the Christian Commission, to be distrib- 
uted in the hospitals and otherwise, for the benefit of such of the sick and 
wounded soldiers as may be in the most urgent need, Mr. Coggshall being 
instructed to offer his services in the distribution, should they be needed. 

One thousand sixty-nine dollars and sixty cents in money, three hundred 
eighty-nine cotton and woolen shirts, seventy-eight sheets, fifty-one paira 
socks, forty handkerchiefs, sixty-eight pillow cases, six vests, fifteen pairs 
pantaloons, three dressing gowns, three pairs slippers, fourteen pairs drawers, 
twenty-eight towels, eight pillows, thirty-four linen and cotton coats, three 
boxes and fifty-three cakes soap, two bags sago, one bag hops, one bag rose 
leaves, eighty-one cases jellies and'preserves, three bags of apple, thirty-seven 
dozen cases condensed milk, one hundred and one bottles wine, eight of rum, 
one of brandy, one of whiskey, and a large quantity of compresses and ban- 
dages, the whole being carefully packed in nine barrels and five large boxef, 
each barrel and box containing in the top a schedule of its contents. It is 



FITCIIBURa IN TIIK REBELLION. 139 

but just to state that this noble contribution is but an addition to the constant 
and regular supplies which have been forwarded through the "Ladies' Aid 
Society" and other channels, by the citizens of Fitchburg from the commence- 
ment of the war, amounting to many thousands of dollars." 

Sub&equent to sending the above, Dr. Alfred Miller and George 
Robbins were sent to the front to personally care for our wounded. 
They spent several days in the hospitals at Gettysburg and vicinity, 
and rendered good service to the suifering soldiers. We regret that 
we have no report from them to give insertion here. 

WHAT WAS DONE WITH THE SUPPLIES. 

REPORT OF CHAIRMAN OF CITIZBNS' COMMITTEE. 

" The committee chosen by the citizens of Fitchburg at a meeting held on 
Sunday evening, July 12th, for the purpose of raising money and articles of 
clothing, wines, etc., wish to have the citizens know what use was made of 
the supplies so generously, and so promptly contributed. 

On Monday, July 13th, money had been contributed by our citizens to 
the amount of one thousand seventy-nine dollars and sixty cents (^1079.60,) 
also, nine barrels and five boxes of articles of clothing, bandages, liquors, etc., 
for the sick and wounded at Gettysburg and other hospitals, which was dis- 
posed of as follows : 

Paid W. & E. Lewis for thirty-one dozen cans condensed milk, $77.50 

Ira Carleton & Co. for meal'to pack glass in, 7.80 

George H. Stuart, Chairman U. S. Christian Commission, 900.00 

Expenses of H. F. Coggshall to Gettysburg, 32.00 

Balance of money to Ladies' SoHiers Aid Society,.... 62.30 

$1079.60 

H. F. Coggshall,?Esq., as agent, left Fitchburg on Monday, July 14th, 
at 5^ P. M., with the packages and "money, and arrived in Philadelphia and 
delivered them to Geo. H. Stuart, Esq., chairman of the U. S. Christian 
Commission, on Tuesday, at 12 o'clock. Mr. Coggshall went forward to 
Gettysburg, arriving there Thursday morning, under the direction of Mr. 
Stuart, and took charge of the delivery of the packages at the hospitals at 
Gettysburg. Much credit is due to Mr. Coggshall for the prompt and effi- 
cient manner in which the contributions were forwarded to the points where 
needed. ALPHEUS P. KIMBALL, 

Chairman of Toivn Comm'ttce. 



140 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

AFTER THE "WILDERNESS." 

1804. 

The news of the battle of the Wilderness reached us on Sunday, 
May 8th, 1864. A meeting of the citizens was called for the even- 
ing of that day, at the Town Hall, and was fully attended. 

An Executive Committee, consisting of A. P. Kimball, T. K. 
Ware, L. H. Bradford, Roilney Wallace, H. F. Coggshall, H. A. 
Blood, J. E. Manning, A. R. Ordway and E. T. Miles, was chosen, 
to receive and disburse contributions. The result of the meeting and 
the eflforts of the next forenoon, amounted to $1700 in cash and six- 
teen barrels and bmidles of carefully selected stores for the sick and 
wounded, with which Messrs. A. Hitchcock, H. A. Goodrich and E. 
B. Hay ward started for the front, on Monday evening. How they 
discharged their trust is well shown by the following able and interest- 
ing letter : 

LETTER OF ALFRED HITCHCOCK AND OTHERS. 

"2<> A. P. Kimball, Esq., Chairman of Citizens' Committee, 4"c : 

Dear Sir : — The undersigned, under instruction from your Committee, 
left Fitchburg, May 9th, 1864, having in charge the funds and supplies 
entrusted to us for the relief of the wounded soldiers in the recent battles in 
Vir*nnia. We reached Washington Tuesday evening. May 10, and imme- 
diately reported to the Surgeon General, who detailed us for duty at Freder- 
icksburg, and ordered transportation for ourselves and stores. We reached 
Belle Plain Wednesday, and reported to Dr. Cuyler, Medical Director of 
the post, and at his request spent a day there among the wounded, who were 
arriving in great numbers, en route for Washington. We placed our supplies 
at this place in charge of the Sanitary Commission, and through their cour- 
tesy had them transported direct to Fredericksburg, where they arrived safely 
in advance of us. We reached Fredericksburg Friday morning, being 
obliged to camp on the road Thursday night to escape surprise and capture 
by the guerrillas. Our train consisted of fifty returning ambulance wagons, 
guarded by cavalry, and our transportation in that train, though against tha 
rule, was due to the courtesy and humanity of the Medical Director at Belle 
Plain. On reaching Fredericksburg, we immediately reported to Dr. Dal- 
ton, the Medical Director at that place, who assigned us to duty with the 9th 
Corps hospitals. Dr. George W. Snow being the surgeon in charge. The 
sur^yeons, weary and exhausted with the week's incessant labor, seemed 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 141 

eagerly grateful for professional assistance, as well as for the no less impor- 
tant aid of good nurses. We entered upon our duties at once, and with 
little intermission found ourselves constantly and laboriously employed until 
the morning of our departure, May 21st. Our own townsmen were found as 
soon as possible, and we can assure you they were studiously caved for, and 
made very happy by the reception of some of the substantial tokens of your 
charity. The names of the men and the character of their casualties arc 
already in your possession. 

But not to those alone did we restrict our labors, or the disbursement of 
your charities. The authority given by the Surgeon General enabled us to 
make requisition on the Government, or the Sanitary or Christian Commis- 
sions for any needed supplies they had on hand, so that virtually the sup- 
plies you sent by us were actually distributed to the sufferers themselves, so 
far as we had occasion to do so. The balance was distributed on the order 
of ourselves or other surgeons, to the most needy, without regard to locality 
or rank. 

The supplies you forwarded by Messrs. Benton and Browning reached 
Belle Plain in safety, and there remained a day or two, until we wrote to 
Dr. Cuylcr, Medical Director, stating the great destitution at Fredericks- 
burg, when he kindly forwarded them (in violation of red tape) in the Medi- 
cal Purveyor's train. These supplies we had placed in the care of Dr. 
Snow, surgeon in charge 9th Corps hospitals, to be drawn upon by our 
orders, and wlien we loft, by the orders of Messrs. Benton and Browning, 
who still remain on duty, so that this second instalment of supplies reached 
its destination in the care of, and will be disbursed by your own agents. 
The third instalment of supplies, which you sent to Gardner Tufts, Esq., 
at Washington, we directed to be forwarded at once to Miss Clara Barton, at 
Fredericksburg, to be disbursed at her discretion, and her discretion, wisdom 
and fidelity are well known in this State, as well as through the army of the 

Potomac. 

It ought, perhaps, here to be stated that the government offcials, and the 
managers of both the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, up to the 15th or 
16th instant, entirely under-estimated the magnitude of the exigency. They 
all said that enough, and even a surplus of stores had gone forward. In 
this respect they were all mistaken. Representations of the facts, and com- 
plaints of the great destitution soon reached Washington, and about the 17th 
or 18th inst. new vigor was evinced, and vastly more ample supplies arrived 
at Belle Plain, with the needed wagons and horses for transit to Fredericks- 
burg, both from the Government proper and from the two Commissions. 
When we left, on the 21st inst., there was no longer a destitution, with the 
exception of cot beds, and these in large numbers were met on Saturday 
being transported to Fredericksburg. Since the battles, there have been 
about eight thousand treated in the hospitals at Fredericksburg, many of 



142 FITCHBURG IX THE REBELLION. 

■whom have already been forwarded to Washington, and there now remain 
about six thousand under treatment. We were highly pleased with the per- 
fect harmony and fraternity which exists, particularly among the working 
men of the two commissions. They cordially honor each other's requisitions, 
and seem only ambitious to see which can easiest and quickest furnish the 
needed cordial to the wounded by the wayside. In all these terrible scenes 
of suffering we saw no Priests or Levites, but all seemed prompt and kind in 
using the bandage, or the oil and wine, Samaritan like, for binding up the 
wounds, without questioning their sectarian origin or mode of contribution. 
All seemed eager fur present duty, content to wait the Divine benediction, 
" Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye have done 
it untd me." 

We received from your treasurer, on our departure, $500 in money, and 
from that we have disbursed and paid out for travelling and other expenses, 
the sum of $142.69, and have on hand, which we herewith return, the sura 
of $357.31, as per schedule annexed. 

From our observations in the field and in the hospitals, we are satisfied 
that your contributions had better be chiefly sent in hospital supplies, more 
especially such articles as the Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society can make, such as 
shirts, (of cheap fabric) drawers, socks, bandages, old linen or cotton cloth, 
cast off shirts or pants, if mended and fit for a few days wear ; cordials, and 
every article for the sick diet, including canned fruits, jellies, pickles, etc. 

The privation and hardship incident to the energetic and (juiok discharge 

of our duties as almoners of your bounties to the wounded soldiers ».>f the 

army of the I^otomac, is more than compensated by the joy and gratitude we 

witnessed from those suffering men. We close our report, invoking for all 

givers and recipients of these well timed charities, the blessing of Him who^ 

though the God of battles, is mindful of the fidlen sparrow, and fails not to 

temper the wind to the shorn lamb. 

ALFRED HITCHCOCK, 

E. B HAYWARD, 
H. A. GOODRICH. 

Fitchhirg, May 24, 1864. 

This prompt and generous action of our people was extensively 
noticed by the public journals of the State, and Fitchburg, for her 
repeated efforts in this direction, became noted for the very liberal 
care she bestowed upon her soldiers. 

During the same week, several hundred dollars were raised and 
forwarded to the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, and additional 
supphes and nurses were sent out at the instance of the Committee 
■who remained in the hospitals in and around Fredericksburg. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 143 

AFTER BATTLES BEFORE PETERSBURG. 

1864. 

In the latter part of May and first of June, our Twenty-fifth and 
Thirty-sixth Regiments were engaged in the battles before Petersburg, 
and at " Coal Harbor," and suffered severely. The Citizens' Com- 
mittee delegated Mr. H. A. Hatch to visit the Regiments with sup- 
plies, and care for the wounded. He was not able to reach the front, 
but visited all of our men in the hospitals near Fortress Monroe, and 
administered to their necessities. He discharged his trust we believe 
in a manner satisfactory to the Soldiers and to the Committee. 

Of course we cannot begin to put upon record here an account of 
all that was done for the soldiers in the field by the " Volunteers " at 
home. New enterprises in their behalf were constantly being set on 
foot, and money flowed Hke water whenever an emergency came. 
Nearly all gave liberally according to their means. There were many 
noted instances of marked liberality in contributions as well as the 
most self-sacrificing labors of those who were ever foremost in the 
good work, and we would be glad to record their names, but where all 
did so well, it would seem invidious to make special mention of any 
particular cases. 

We have no accurate record of the whole amount contributed for 
the rehef of the soldiers during the war. From the best estimates 
we can make, we find that the amount received and disbursed by the 
various organizations and committees is from ten to twelve thousand 
dollars. And this was principally for the benefit of the soldiers them- 
selves. Much was also done for their famiUes in the way of supphes, 
of which no estimate is made, and the town authorities were called 
upon to assist, to some extent, the families of soldiers, which we have 
not taken into the account. 

Our citizens were fully awake to the condition and wants of the 

men who went ' to fight our battles. Few, if any, communities can 
show a better record in this regard. We may well look back upon 
it with pride, but not in a spirit of boasting ; for did we do anything 
more than duty demanded ? To have fallen far short of that, would 
indeed be mortifying now. All who worked or contributed, have their 
reward in the consciousness of good deeds, Avell done. 



144 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

LETTER FROM AN AGENT OF THE CHRISTIAN 
COMMISSION. 

The following letter was written by Mr. Frank II. Snow of this 
town, who, in the spring of 1865, gave a few weeks of service to the 
noble work of the Christian Commission. 

As a description of the scenes at the rear of a battle field, Ave have 
thought it worthy of insertion here. 

" Headquarters Christian Commission, 
bth Army Corps, Nottoivay C H., Va., 
April 2dth, 18G5. 

To THE Sentinel : — Since the Army of the Potomac broke camp one 
month ago to-day, it has achieved victories which at that time would have 
been regarded as the wild dreams of an enthusiast, but which now constitute 
the most glorious chapter in the military history of our nation. The ' hun- 
dred days ' of Napoleon, productive of nought but bloodshed, lose all their 
lustre in comparison with these thirty days of Grant, within which, with a 
loss of life and limb comparatively slight, we have witnessed the death strug- 
gle of the most gigantic rebellion the world ever saw. 

The surrender of Johnston's army, announced to our troops yesterday 
morning by a dispatch from General Grant, has served partially to remove 
the deep cloud of grief which has covered our army since the assassination of 
its beloved Commander-in-chief, and all are filled with joy once more at the 
thought of a speedy return to home and friends. 

Perhaps a few notes of the campiign may not be uninteresting to the 
readers of the Sentinel. 

Wednesday, March 29th. — At three o'clock this morning, the Fifth Corps 
silently and cautiously left its ]30sition on the extreme left of the lines near 
Petersburg, and swung round as rapidly as possible in order to outflank the 
rebel riglit, and strike the South !Side 11. R. This road runs from Petersburg 
to Lynchburg, and is of inestimable value to the rebels as a source of supply. 
In order to conceal our movement, if possible, from tlie enemy, the drum- 
mers were all left behind, to sound the morning reveille at six o'clock, as 
usual. 

Eight delegates of the Christian Commission accompany the columns of 
the Fifth Cor])s. We have one large wagon heavily laden with supplies of 
cordials and delicacies for the sick and wounded, and our smaller wagon, 
which we call " coffl'e machine," but to which the soldiers have to-day ap- 
phed a great variety of names, such as "^ Flying Artillery/' and the " Wan- 



FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 145 

dcring Jew." It is sui generis, being the only one in existence, and some- 
what peculiar in appearance. It is in two parts, like a piece of artillery. 
The forward part, or limber, contains an abundance af ammunition, in the 
form of tea, coffee, corn-starch, farina, sugar, and condensed milk. Attached 
to the limber is the artillery itself, consisting of three large boilers for the 
making of tea and coffee by the wholesale. The arrangement for fuel much 
resembles that of a steam fire engine, so that a fire may be kindled at a mo- 
ment's notice. Underneath all, is a wood-bos, and above all, three smoke- 
pipes penetrate the air. This invention is intended for use upon the battle- 
field, and has often been of great service. By it twenty-five gallons of tea 
and coffee can be made in fifteen minutes, and the supply kept up as long as 
needed. 

After marching, with as much rajiidity as was consistent with caution, un- 
til four o'clock, P. M., our advance guard met the enemy, and a sharp en- 
counter ensued, — the first engagement of the campaign — short, but bloody. 
As soon as the rapidity of the firing indicated the fact that our services were 
needed, five of our number started on the double quick for the front, with 
the " coffee machine." We reached the scene of conflict just at the right 
time. The wounded were being brought in ambulances and on stretchers, 
to the " Spain House," situated about a half mile from the woods, where the 
fight was fiercely raging. The house is soon filled with bleeding, mangled, 
tortured heroes, who wait patiently, and many of them until morning, for 
their turn upon the amputating tables. The ground about the house, for 
rods, is soon covered with the poor fellows, who now lie so thick that care 
must be taken not to step upon them. In less than half an hour after our 
arrival, we have an abundance of hot coffee, beef tea, and milk punch in 
readiness, which we distribute among the sufferers, thus mitigating their al- 
most maddenino; thirst, and fui-nishino; nourishment and stimulus to their 
exhausted physical energies. Many a " God bless you" do we receive for 
the Christian Commission, and not a few, unable to speak, give expression 
to the depth of their gratitude by an appreciative look, or grasp of the hand. 

Late at night, having hastily pitched our tent, we roll ourselves in our 
blankets and take turns in sleeping for an hour or two. Strange to say, our 
sleep is most sound, though surrounded by groaning and dying men." 

Friday, March ^\st. — The 5th Corps, having held the battle-field of 
Wednesday, advances again this morning. Having proceeded several miles 
with slight opposition from the enemy, Lee precipitates against it a heavy 
force of infantry in the hope of Ijreaking our lines by an overwhelming attack. 
The attempt was at first successful, and our boys were driven back for two 
or three miles, leaving their killed and wounded in the hands of the foe. In 
the afternoon however, the lost ground was re-taken, our lines were advanced 
19 



146 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

nearly to the South Side Railroad, and a junction was formed with Sheridan 
and his cavalry. 

While the rest of our number remained Avith the wounded at the Spain 
House, two of us were detailed to go forward to the battle-field with canteens 
filled with water and stimulants. We approached the scene of active con- 
flict during the time of the temporary repulse of our forces. As we entered 
a large open field some half a mile from the advance line, whence proceeded 
the incessant booming of artillery and heavy roar of musketry, great numbers 
of men came running toward us upon the double quick on their way to a 
place of safety. Some of them were non-combatants, but by far the greater 
number were soldiers skulking from duty — men upon whom the faithful have 
bestowed the most opprobrious epithets. A provost guard was soon sent 
back to check the farther progress of this cowardly panic. The wounded 
were being brought out from the woods beyond the field and sent back in 
ambulances to the hospital. Among them was General Dennison of the 
Maryland Brigade. We passed into the woods and soon came in sight of 
the front line of our forces and could see the flash of the guns as they dashed 
against the rebel lines. Now and then a Minnie ball would come flying by 
us with its peculiar, sharp, whistling sound. We passed along the second 
line of battle, and administered doses of Jamaica Ginger to our wearied boys 
who had been on their feet in mud and rain for thirty-six hours. About 
this time the tide of battle turned, and possession was gained of the battle 
ground of the morning, upon which the killed and wounded of both sides 
were still lying just where they fell. In the midst of the woods was a cleared 
spot about one acre in extent, where occurred the bloodiest conflict of the 
day. Men lay thickly strewn upon the ground, many of them cold in death, 
their unclosed eyes turned upward in vacant stare, and their stiflfened hands 
and arms raised toward Heaven as if in supplication to God for vengeance 
upon their murderers. In one part of the field lay four Union boys side by 
side, all killed in the most shocking manner by the same relentless cannon 
ball. 

And, 0, what agony was depicted upon the features of many of the wound- 
ed men. Here lay little John Rogers of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regi- 
ment, mortally wounded in the abdomen, and suffering the most excruciating 
tortures. There lay a man with a terrible gash in his head through which 
the brains protruded in ghastly profusion. It was an inestimable privilege to 
be allowed to moisten the parched lips of these patient sufferers with a little 
cold water from the spring near by, or to note down a few farewell words of 
some dying boy to his much loved mother. Surely this nation is paying a 
terrible price for indulgence in the enormity of chattel slavery. 

While the figlit was raging most fearfully this morning, an incident occurred 
which excited the wonder of all who beheld it. In t'lo centre of the cleai'iusr 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 147 

above referred to, stood a little hut occupied by a colored woman with her 
two children, one of whom was nine years old, and the other but just old 
enough to walk. The mother, by reason of sickness, was unable to make 
her escape from the danger, but remained within her dwelling all through 
that fearful day. A kind Providence watched over her and shielded her 
from harm. While the storm of lead was at its height, she sent forth her 
little ones hand in hand, to make their way if possible, to a place of refuge. 
By an unseen hand they were almost miraculously guided across that terrible 
field, and through three lines of battle, until they reached the rear of the 
Union army. Here they were cared for by one of our delegates, who next 
morning restored them to their anxious mother after the battle storm had 
rolled onward so far as to make their own abode a place of safety. Even 
thus through four years of deadly conflict that same unseen hand of God has 
cuided four millions of that sable race from bondage to freedom. 



OUR PATRIOT DEAD, 



"They never fail wlio die 

In a great cause ; the block may soak their gore ; 

Their heads may sodden in tlie sun ; their limbs 

Be strung to city gates and castle walls — 

But still their spirit Avalks abroad. Though years 

Elapse, and others share as dark a doom, 

They but augment the deep and sweeping thouglits 

Which overpower all others, and conduct 

The world at last to freedom." 



We approach with reverence the subject of " our dead." We 
know full well that no pen can do them full justice. We would 
he glad to speak individually of all the brave ones whose names 
appear in the list below, but for Avant of space, can only give 
obituary notices of a few of those best known to us, as represen- 
tatives of the rest, of whom we must speak in general terms. Of 
the eight hundred (more or less,) of Fitchburg men who have 
served in the army at different times during the war, one hundred 
forty-two, or upwards of one in six, have fallen by the bullet or 
by disease contracted in the service. 

Most of the great battles have found victims of our citizens. 
They fell at Ball's Bluff, Bull Run, in the battles of the Peninsula, 
at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Port Hudson, Gettysburg, the Wilder- 
ness, Petersburg, Richmond, and on scores of fields of minor impor- 
tance, and their remains make sacred to us the soil of nearly every 
Rebel State. Thirteen commissioned officers and one hundred 
twenty-nine enlisted men make up Fitchburg's " offering" upon 
the altar of our country. 

Here is cur " Roll of Honor." We have endeavored to make 
it as correct as possible, and think it nearly perfect. This list 



FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 



14U 



simply gives the names, company and regiment of the fallen, with- 
out specifying the manner or cause of death, &c., ])ut l)y reference 
to the alphabetical roll at the end of this volume, particulars will 
be found. 

THE " UNRETURNING BRAVE." 



OFFICERS. 



Lt. Col. Geo. E. Marshall, 40t]i Hgt 
Capt. Clark S. Simonds, 15tli 
" John Murkland, 15th 
" Geo. II. Bailey, 5od '■ 

" Jerome K. Taft, 53d 
Joseph W. Gird, 57th 



Lieut. George G. Nutting, 53d Rgt. 
" Chas. E. Upton, •25th 
" James Graham, Jr., 25th " 
Geo. B. Siraonds, 15th " 
" Heniy A. Beekwith, 21st " 
" Fred. H. Si))iey, 36th 



John M. Whittemore, 3d Assistant Engineer, Gunboat Mohican. 



ENLISTED MEN. 



George Adams, Co. B 15th. 
Harrison W. Battles, D 21st. 
Henry D. Biigham, B 53d. 
Wm. S. Bardeen, A 53d. 
Alvaranzo Bigelow, D 21st. 
Horace R. Barker, J) 21st. 
Wm. S. Boynton, D 21st. 
Thomas Bartlett, A. 53d. 
Chas. P. Battles, A 53d. 
George L. Boss, B 15Lh. 
Herbert D. Beckwitli, F 57t]i. 
Ozro A. Brigham, F 57t]i. 
Clias. H. Brown, 2d. 22d. 
James Brownson, P 21st. 
Andrew M. Brock, D 21st. 
John Campbell, B 15th. 
Daniel Carpenter, B 15th. 
Horace M. Churchill. A 53d. 
Edward L. P. Cochran, B 53. 
Israel Cummings, J) 21st. 
Geo. P. Cotting. F 25th. 
Henry J. Cutting A 36th. 
Wm. M. Caldwell, F 57th. 
Gdbert Cheney, D 2d. 
Joseph AV. Chase, A 3Gth. 
Chas. W. Crehore. A 30th. 
Rufus H. Carter, D 21st. 
Samuel F. Dadmun, F 25th. 
Edward M. Derby, F 57th. 



Edwin A. Derby. F 1st. 
Geo. A. Davis, H 4th H. A. 
Romanzo Downe, Navy. 
John W. Eager, C 25th. 
Artemas W. Ellenwood, F 25th. 
Amos S. Eastman, D 21st. 
Edward P. Fai-well, A 53d. 
John Flynn, A 3Gth. 
Henry A. Friar, E 33d. 
George G. Farwell, A 32d. 
Artemas S. Farwell, F 25th. 
Chas. E. Goodrich. D 21st. 
Edwin Hai-twell, D 2Gth. 
Geo. H. Howe, H 21st. 
David A. Harrington, A 53d. 
Francis D. Hill, A 53d. 
Wm. Hodgman, D 21st. . 
Frank A. Hildreth, B 15th. 
Chas. Hall, F 25th. 
Rodney Hall. F 57th. 
Edwin Holman, II 23d. 
Wm. Howard, I 6th N. H. 
John M. Hastings, F 57th. 
Henry K. Hill, G 2d H. A. 
Wm.'H. Ilaydon, Navy. 
Jere. Ilarrigan, A 3Gth. 
Joseph Humes, A 36ih. 
A. J. Hartwcll, A 36th. 
Henry L. Joslin, B 15th. 



150 



FITCUliUllG IN THE REBELLION. 



Michiiyl K;iv:iii;iugli, C 'iSth. 
J. Henry Kendali. A 53d. 
Geo. E. Kniglit, A 36tb. 
Daniel Kieltj, F 57th. 
Geo. E. Kcyos, A 3'otli. 
Ijewis M. Kinipton, D 20tli. 
Geo. Lowe, F 25th. 
Philip Lane, A 14th, 
Ainos W. Lawrence, B 15th. 
Jefferson C. Lakin, D 2d. 
John L. Lanison, I 25th. 
Alvin W. Lamb, A 32d. 
Gha.s. D. Monroe, B 15th. 
8imon F. Marshall, 3d Cavalry, 
('has. F. Montjoy, D 21st. 
Michael Miles, F 57th. 
John Marsh, B 15th. 
Simon May, D 21st. 
Michael IMcMahon, E 25th. 
Patrick McCarty, F 57lh. 
Thomas Malum, A 3<Jtli. 
John Markhaiu, I 70th N. Y. 
James McLitire, G 21st. 
Ai D. 0.>il)orne, B 15th. 
Thomas Oaks, A 30th. 
Jerry O'Brien, F. 57th. 
Geo. W. Philips, B 15th. 
John H. Prichard, G 2d H. A. 
VVm. T. Peabody, F 57th. 
Horace T. Pope, B 15th. 
Fred W. Piirks. F 57th. 
Wm. H. Partridge, F 25th. 
Cyrus Putnam, F 25th. 
Henry 0. Pierce, D 2d. 
Eldridge L. Robinson, F 53d. 
Martin Ryan, F 57th. 



Wm. Roach, F 25th. 

Owen T. Raymond, F 57th. 

Robert W. Sampson, F 12th U. S.I. 

Orwell L. Stockwell, A 36th. 

Patrick C. Sullivan, K 28th. 

Michael Spencer, C 28th. 

Wm. H. Shattuck, A. 53d. 

Clias. W. Stuart, A 53d. 

Wm. H. Simonds, A 53d. 

Solon W. S])Ooner, B 53d. 

Samuel Stearns, B 15th. 

William Skye, F 57th. 

William Sawtelle, G 32d. 

Timothy Sheahan, A 5tli. 

'i homas Scollay, B 15th. 

Albert A. Smith, K 3Gth. 

George C. Taylor, B 15th. . 

James Townsend, A 32d. 

Thomas Tolman, D 22d. 

Calvin E. Tolman, D 21st. 

James M. I'nderwood, M 2dCal. Cav. 

N. Bradlee Upham, A 53d. 

Edwin F. Vose, D 2d. 

Henry S. "Woodbury, A 53d. 

Chas. M. Whitney, J) 21st. 

Geo. G. Winchester, A 53d. 

Fred. L. AVorks, A 53d. 

Benj. K. Wiley, B 53d. 

Albert C. Wisley, B 53d. 

Robert F. AVebb, A 36th. 

Ionian B. Waite, F 25th. 

Oliver H. Whittemorc, F 25th. 

William Wooldridge, A 53d. 

George Watts, F 57th. 

Ambrose Wilkins, 7th Batt. 



CORPORAL F. A. IIILDRETH, CO. B, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

Corporal Ilildreth was the first victim of the war from this town. 
He died of disease at Poolesville, Md., Oct. 7th, 1861. 

He was but nineteen years old, and came, originally, from Lunen- 
burg, though he had hved among us for some time previous to the 
war. He had been a member of the " Washington Guards," but 
as the " Fusiliers" were the first to organize for the war, and as 
he was anxious to enter the service, he at once enhstcd in that 
Company. He was a good soldier, and his many excellent traits 
of character had endeared him to all his comrades. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 151 

His was the first death in their ranks, and they felt it deeply. 
It brought home to them and to us, the fact that some must perish 
for the cause, and that their exposed lives must necessarily become 
the prey for disease in every form, as well as for the bullet of 
the enemy. He was buried with mihtary honors at Poolesville, 
Md. It was proposed to have his remains brought home and 
buried with due honors, and arrangements were made by the 
" Guards" to receive them ; but for some reason it was decided 
to leave them where they Avere buried for the time being, and 
we think they still rest there. There let him rest — near to that 
fatal field of Ball's Bluff, where his comrades a few days after 
his death were called to suffer so much. His grave may yet be 
an object of pilgrimage to his fellow soldiers in years to come, 
when they shall seek to visit the spot which was their home for 
so many months, and where they met their first great trial. 

CAPTAIN C. S. SIMONDS, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 
(communicated.) 

Captain Clark S. Simonds was born at Groton, Mass., on the 
24th of February, 1834, and was killed on the 17th of September, 
1862, at the battle of " Antietam," in Maryland, being twenty- 
eight years old at his death. 

His parents moved to Fitchburg when he was quite young, and 
he resided there most of the time until his death. He was a 
man greatly beloved and highly esteemed by all who knew him. 
His character was above reproach. He early took a deep and 
lively interest in the Volunteer Militia of the State, and partic- 
ularly in the " Fitchburg Fusiliers," of which company he became 
a member, and by strict attention to the duties incumbent upon 
him, and his firm adherence to discipline, coupled with that geni- 
ality of disposition so peculiarly his, he won for himself the hon- 
orable position which he held at his death, by the unanimous 
wish and vote of his company. 



152 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

At tlie breaking out of the war, he was one of the first to 
lay aside the civic dress and don the uniform of the patriot, 
which he Avore with marked distinction to himself and great credit 
to the town. His company ever stood at the head in point of 
drill and discipline, in the glorious old Fifteenth Regiment. Upon 
the 21st of October, 18G1, he crossed the Potomac river at 
Ball's Bluff, at the head of his company, (against the earnest 
protestations of his friends, for he was exceedingly weak from loss 
of blood from a wound received the evening before while marching 
to the river from Poolesville,) to meet the enemies of his country 
for the first time. Never did men march with firmer step and 
stronger determination to concpier or die, than did his command 
led by him they all loved, and in whom they placed the ut- 
most confidence. His company being thrown to the front as 
skirmishers, he accompanied them in command, and while there 
engaged with the rebel skirmishers, the rebel cavalry, by a sudden 
dash around their left flank, succeeded in capturing several of the 
company, and among them. Captain Simonds. He was taken to 
Richmond and immured in Libby Prison until February 19th, 1862, 
when he was exchanged. He immediately rejoined the Regiment 
at Harper's Ferry on the day that it started for Richmond, via 
the Peninsula. He was in all the battles of the Peninsula in 
which the Fifteenth Regiment took a part ; went with them to 
the Second Bull Run ; thence up through Maryland to the fatal 
field of Antietam. On that memorable morning, v^/hen the trumpet 
sounded the advance, Avell do we remember the coolness and quiet 
manner in which Captain Simonds moved his men to the front, 
and with what courage and determination he fought during that 
terrible engagement in Avhich, in the short sprace of less than 
twenty-five minutes, over one-half of that gallant regiment lay dead 
or wounded upon tb.e field ; with Avhat reluctance he gave the 
order to his men to fill back, in obedience to superior ofiicers. 
He passed safely througli that awful storm of shot and shell, to 
fall by a random shot thrown into the httle grove where the 



FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION 153 

regiment was re-forming after having fallen back from their first 
position, standing in his place just behind his company, cheering 
them by his noble words of encouragement and hope, and regret- 
ting the loss of those who had fallen, while the tears rolled down 
his manly cheek as he looked for those he loved, and found their 
places vacant, a rebel shell came whirUng and shrieking through 
the wood, striking the ground about thirty yards in advance of 
the line, ploughing up the earth, yet speeding on its mission of 
death. It struck Captain Simonds directly over the heart, killing 
him instantly. He fell without a groan, and the last word he 
uttered was " Colonel," addressed to him who by the misfortune 
of another, was in command of the regiment. His men gathered 
around him, and with tears coursing down their bronzed cheeks, 
they tenderly bore him to the rear, hoping that he might yet 
speak to them once more, but no, he was dead. Leaving him 
with friends, they returned to their duty, pledging anew their 
lives, if need be, upon the altar of Liberty. Oh ! what a sacrifice I 
Why should this noble man be selected for the altar on that 
fatal day? And yet, could the question have been put to him 
that morning, are you wilhng to sacrifice your life to-day in 
defence of our noble flag and the principles it represents ? he 
would have responded unhesitatingly, yes, a thousand times, if need 

be, for what is my life compared with the safety and happiness 
of my counti'y ? 

His was a noble life and a glorious death ; he died as he had 
lived, a true man and a pure patriot, worthy to have his name 
written in the Temple of Fame, high up among those noble men 
of the Revolution who sacrificed their lives to gain their country's 
independence, and thus bequeath to their children the blessings of 
liberty. They died to secure, he to maintain, preserve and 
perpetuate those blessings. 

He sleeps the sleep of the brave, near his own beloved home, and 

" When Spring, with dewy fingers coltl, 
Eeturns to deck his hallowed mould, 
She then shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod." 
20 J. W. K. 



15-1 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

CAPTAIN JOHN MUKIvLAND, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

Capt. Murkland will be pleasantly remembered by many of our 
citizens. Though not a native of Fitchburg, he was for several 
years a resident of this town. When the war broke out, he was 
among the first to enlist in Co. B, Fifteenth Regiment, and was 
immediately appointed a sergeant, which office he held until after 
the battle of Antietam, when he was promoted to a Captaincy for 
special gallantry on that occasion. He had merited, and was fairly 
entitled to promotion long before this, but was unfaii-ly dealt with 
in the matter through the influence of persons 7iot then officially 
connected with the Fifteenth Regiment. He was raised to Cap- 
tain from the rank of Sergeant, on recommendation of Gen. Gor- 
man and Col. Kimball, and we give below the letter of Gen. 
Gorman to Gov. Andrew, which will be read with interest. 

Headquarters 2d Div., 2d Army Corps, "^ 
Bolivar, Va., Oct. 19,1862.) 

Brig. Gen. Schouler, Adjutant General: 

Sir : — Since the death of the gallant captain of Co. B, (Capt. Simonds,) 
there is a vacancy. I now beg leave to present the name of first Sergeant 
John Murkland. He is eminently fit and qualified, and is now in command 
of his company. He has nobly won this merited promotion by his gallantry 
on the battlefield of " Antietam." When Capt. Simonds fell, Lieut. Col. 
Kimball took the dying man's sword off and said, " I want you to take this 
sword and lead this company; will you do it? He answered gallantly, "I 
will do so — any where you may order!" This noble answer, made in the 
face of death and danger, ought to win for him from his country a medal, 
and two captain's commissions, if need be. I trust his Excellency will 
reward this special gallantry at once. 

I am. General, truly yours, 

W. A. GORMAN, Brig. Gen. 

Commanding Division. 

The Governor immediately forwarded a commission, also wrote a 
letter to the regiment highly complimentary of Murkland, and 
giving his reasons for liis departure from usual custom in thus 



FITCHBrRG IN THE REBELLION. 155 

elevating him at once to a Captaincy. The appointment gave 
great satisfaction to the regiment, and to his many friends. He 
was killed at Gettysburg, -while bravely leading his men into 
action. 

As a man, we was genial and kind hearted, and beloved by 
all Avho knew him. As a soldier, he was prompt and efficient, 
and a thorough disciplinarian, while none braver than he ever 
trod the field of battle. His death was deeply lamented by hi3 
fellow soldiers and a large circle of friends. 



SERG'T GEO. C. TAYLOR, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

Young Taylor was one of the early victims of the war. He was 
among the first to enlist for " three years or the war" in Com- 
pany B, Fifteenth Regiment. He was at once appointed Sergeant, 
and filled the office with great ability. He was a thorough sol- 
dier. In him were the attractions of youth, a generous-hearted 
nature, unflinching courage, and a conscientious regard for duty, 
which secured the afiection and regard of all his comrades. After 
he had enhsted, he was asked by a friend if he expected ever to 
return. He quickly answered " I shall go to the war, and I sliall 
return^ if God is willing." 

He fell upon the terrible field of Ball's Blufl", where so many 
lives were uselessly sacrificed. His career as a soldier was indeed 
a short one, but his record is a proud one. 

Never soldier entered the service from a purer sense of duty than 
he. Had he hved longer, we cannot doubt he would have taken 
a high position in his regiment, for he had already shown the more 
noble qualities of a man and a soldier. 

"Brave youth! by few is glory's wreath attained, 
But death, or Late, or soon, awaiteth all ; 
To fight in Freedom's cause is something gained, 
And nothing lost to fall." 



loO FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION". 

AI D. OSBORNE, CO. B, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

Ai D. Osborne was born at Ashburnbam, in 1833, and the most 
of bis life was spent in our midst. We all remember bim as a 
scbool-mate, — a modest, unassuming boy, but one Avho was a gen- 
eral favorite, because of bis very amiable character — one wbo was 
always ready to share the burden of another, or to espouse the 
cause of the weaker party in the difficulties incident to school-boy 
life. 

In 1857, he enlisted into the " Fusiliers," to serve for five years. 
When, in 1861, the Avar broke out, and soldiers were wanted, and 
his company decided to volunteer, he cheerfully went with them, 
saying that " he had belonged to the company for pleasure, and 
he should not leave it when he was most needed." To his mother 
he said : " Mother, somebody must go, and it is no worse for me 
to go, than others ; all who go leave friends behind." He left 
with his regiment, and shared its experiences for four months, 
when at the battle of Ball's Bluff, October 21st, 1861, he 
received the wound which cost him his life. 

We have seen numerous extracts from Ms letters and diary that 
indicate great conscientiousness and a keen sense of his duty as 
a man and a soldier. In one he says : " we expect an onward 
movement — we are in good spirits, and trust in G od and our 
officers." 

In another, speaking of the vices of the army, and especially 
that of profanity, he says : " but when I return, as I trust I shall, 
I hope no one will ever have occasion to blush with shame for any 
habits or vices which I have contracted in the U. S. service." 

On the day before the battle, he speaks of the impending con- 
jBict, and says : " I am well, and ready for any duty that may devolve 
upon me." He was shot through the knee during the next day, 
taken prisoner and carried to Leesburg in an ambulance, together 
with Thomas P. Taylor, of bis company, where they arrived at 
about four o'clock, P. M. As the attendants were about to take 
him from the ambulance, he said : " take Taylor out first ; he is 



PITCHBURC! IN THE REBELLION. 15T 

vrounded worse than I am ;" tlius exhibiting the noLle, chivah-ous 
nature of another Philip Sidney. 

His leg was amputated the following Thursday, and was so cru- 
elly and clumsily done, that he died from the effects of it and 
subsequent ill treatment. Immediately after the amputation, he was 
carried into the room with his friend Taylor, who said to him, " I 
am very sorry for you," to which he replied " yes, I know you 
are very sorry, Tom, but what will my poor mother say ?" In 
a few minutes he added, " Let us be wm, and call it a misfor- 
tune." After this, he grew very cheerful, and had soon formed 
his plans for the future, after he should l^e released and fully re- 
cover from his wounds. But alas ! he was only released by death, 
•which took place Dec. 1st, 1861. His remams were buried at 
Leesburg, Va. 

LIEUT. G. BOWMAN SIMOXDS, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

The following article appeared in the Reveille of June 21st, 
1861, and was written by one of our citizens, who knew the subject 
of it and his family. 

" The Wruow's Sacrifice." — Private letters have brought to 
us the sad news of the death of three noble brothers who have 
fallen in the great struggle for the Nation's life. Lieutenant G. 
Bowman Simonds, of Company B, Fifteenth Mass. Regiment, was 
killed in one of the late series of battles, while fighting bravely 
with his company. He volunteered with his brother Clark Simonds, 
in the first company that went from Fitchburg. He was wounded 
at Ball's Bluff in the first battle in which the regiment was engaged, 
and came home on a furlough, but as soon as he had recovered 
sufficiently from the effects of his wound, he returned to his com- 
pany, and remained with it until the time of his death. 

His gentle and quiet deportment, and almost boyish appearance 
gave little token to those who did not know him intimately, of 
the stern devotion to duty, and manly courage which inspired him. 



loS FITCHBUKG IN THE REBELLIOIf. 

One who, with others, accompanied him, then a mere hoy, from 
the hattle-field of Ball's Bluff, speaks in feeling terms of admira- 
tion of the quiet and uncomplaining fortitude with which he endured 
his suffering, and of the gratitude with which he accepted the 
care they felt themselves only too privileged to be able to give. 
lie has sealed his devotion with his blood, and his widowed 
mother is now bereft of her last son. 

Three boys, all who were given her, has she freely given to 
her country. Captain Clark S. Simonds fell on the field of 
Antietam. Aaron Simonds died in camp, after an honorable service 
at Port Royal, and now the third and youngest has left her. The 
warm sympathy of every heart which can be made to throb by 
noble and generous sacrifices, she will receive ; but who will venture 
to regard with compassion the mother of three such sons? 

Rather may we envy the lot of her who at the end of a long 
and blameless life may look forward to find such treasures in 
Heaven. W. 



JOHN M. WHITtEMOKE— NAVY. 

(COMMtJNI GATED . ) 

John M. Whittemore was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, 
September 11th, 1835, and was the third son of Rev. Thomas Whit- 
temore, D. D. 

After leaving school, he was for sometime clerk for his honored 
father in his office in Boston, but possessing an ardent love for mechan- 
ics, especially that of steam-enginery, he could not content himself at 
any other business, and on leaving his father's office, he spent some 
time in preparing to become a scientific mechanic. He studied 
engineering thoroughly, was well versed in the popular works on the 
subject of mechanism, and for several years was employed in the engi- 
neering department of the Vermont and Massachusetts Rail Road. 
He was also a fine draughtsman. 

He was married February 27th, 1861, to Miss Josephine, daughter 



FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 159 

of Rev. Joseph P. Atkinson, of Orange, formerly of Laconia, N. H., 
who survives him. 

When the government of the United States appointed a competent 
and learned committee to examine applicants for engineers in the 
naval service, Mr. Whittemore appeared before them, and after a 
thorough examination, he was accepted, and informed by them that 
from sixty-four who had applied, four only "would be commissioned, and 
he was one of that number. 

On the 4th day of October, 1861, he was ordered to join the U. 
S. sloop-of-war Mohican, at the Charlestown navy yard ; and on the 
12th of the same month, he sailed for Fortress Monroe. 

Many interesting incidents of the voyage, and of the severe storm 
between Fortress Monroe and Port Royal, are found in a journal which 
he kept. The last recoid in it reads as follows : " Thursday, Oct. 
7th. — This morning is lovely. No air stirring. Hauled short on the 
anchor at 9 o'clock." This was within an hour or two of his death. 
The post assigned to him in action, was at the signal bell-pull on deck, 
to convey the orders of the captain in regard to moving the ship, to 
the engineers below. Here he fell, alongside the mid-ship gun. He 
was killed instantly, and while cheering on the men at the gim, by a 
piece of shell which passed through the head. 

In the afternoon of the next day he was buried with funeral honors, 
in the rear of Hilton Head Battery. The vessels of the navy each 
wore colors at half mast. A mocking-bird whistled mournfully from 
a neighboring tree, while the burial service was being read by Chap- 
lain Dorrance, of the "Wabash. 

It would seem that Mr. Whittemore had a strong presentiment of 
death, and his associates say that on the night before the battle, after 
giving directions as to the disposition of his body and eflFects in case 
he should fall, he spent an unusual length of time by himself, in read- 
ing his Bible. He is dead, but his relatives and friends have the sat- 
isfaction of knowing that he died nobly and in a glorious cause. The 
first martyr upon South Carolina's soil, in maintaining the honor and 



160 FITCHBUIia IN THE REBELLION. 

integrity of the nation against a most wicked rebellion, his memory 
Avill be embalmed in Massachusetts breasts with the heroes of the 19th 
of April and the 21st of October. His remains arrived in Cam- 
bridgeport on the 3d of December, and were buried at Mount Auburn 
with military honors. 

Mr. Whittemore was always fond of books, had a retentive 
memory, and a mind well stored with knowledge. He was well versed 
in the histories of the leading minds of the day, who are known as 
artists, poets and historians. He also possessed great conversational 
powers, and could converse Aviih ease and fluency upon the topics of 
the day. He was noted for his generosity ; his feehngs were easily 
moved for the suffering and needy, and the hand of charity was never 
offered in vain. Many poor ones, whose suffering he had relieved, 
were constrained to drop a tear of regret when their young friend and 
benefactor passed from earth. 

LIEUT. HENRY A. BECKWITH, TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 

The following sketch of Lieutenant Beckwith is from the sermon 
preached at his funeral, by Rev. Elnathan Davis : 

" Henry A. Beckwith, whose death has called us together to-day, 
was born in Gilsum, N. H., July 12th, 1836. About the year 
1850, he became a resident of Fitchburg, which has ever since been 
his home — made doubly homehke by his marriage some three years 
ago, with Miss Sarah J. Steele, of this place. In July of last 
year, he left us as a member of Company D, Twenty-First Regi- 
ment, commanded by Captain T. S. Foster. He was in the battles 
of Roanoke Island, Newborn, Camden, Second Bull Run and Chan- 
tilly, Va., in tho last of which he was mortally wounded Sept.^lst, 
1862. Four days afterwards, in the hut of an old slave woman, 
on the border of that disastrous field, he died. He had risen to 
the position of First Lieutenant of his company, was cordial and 
manly in his deportment, brave and skilful as an officer, much 



riTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION'. 161 

beloved by his companions, and died universally respected and 
deeply regretted by his regiment — the war-scathed Twenty-first. 
What he was as a son and brother, as a husband and friend, I 
need not say. Few men have left a dearer home, or more loved 
and loving friends, to plunge into this terrible strife ; and in few 
homes will the memory of the lost soldier be more tenderly cher- 
ished. To those who so truly loved him, and especially to the 
wife of his youth, these old words shall thrill Avith a new and 
deeper meaning — 

' Green be the turf above thee, 
Friend of my better days ! 
None knew thee but to love thee, 
None named thee but to praise.' " 

CALVIN E. TOLMAN, TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 

(from the "reveille" of SEPT. 11, 1862.) 

Honor to the Brave. — We are called upon to record the death 
of more of our brave Fitchburg men who have fallen on the field of 
battle. Calvin E. Tolman was a printer in the Reveille office, and 
enlisted in the 21st regiment, which left about a year since. He was 
in all the battles in which this noble regiment has had a part, at 
Roanoke, Newbeme, Manassas and Chantilly, In this last bloody 
engagement of Sept. 1st, he was shot through the head, and died 
almost immediately. Young Tolman was much esteemed by all who 
knew him ; faithful, earnest and patriotic, he enrolled his name and 
went out mth. the volunteers of Fitchburg, from a pure sense of duty. 
There is the consolation for his bereaved parents and friends, that he 
never failed in his duty, and that he died as a soldier should, fighting 
bravely in the van in defence of his country." 

LIEUT. CHARLES E. UPTON, TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 

Lieut. Upton was one of our most youthful officers. We think he 
was the youngest in commission from this town, being but tAventy 
years old at liis death. He was one of those who seem to have been 
21 



162 FITCIIEURG IN THE REBELLION. 

bom with the elements of a true soldier in his nature. He was one 
of the first to enlist in the 2oth regiment, and was immediately 
appointed a sergeant in Co. F. Though so young, he showed marked 
ability in the duties of his office, and secured the respect and love of 
the men with whom he was connected. His efficiency and gallantry 
soon won for him a second lieutenant's cc Jimission, which was fol- 
lowed in a few months by a promotion to a first lieutenancy. He was 
placed m command of company I, and led it in the battle of Arrowfield 
Church where he lost his life. We cannot close this notice any better 
than by giving a copy of a letter from one of his comrades soon after 
the battle, and which we take from the correspondence of the " Wor- 
cester Spy." 

"In the list of killed on the 9th iust., you will find the name of Lieut. 
Charles E. Upton. In Lieut. Upton's death we have met a severe loss. 
He had just been promoted to a first lieutenancy, and had his life been spared 
would have won higher honors during the bitter struggles of this campaign. 
But an all-wise Providence has otherwise decreed, and though we shall miss 
the kind and genial comrade, the brave and gallant soldier, and the true and 
affectionate friend, yet we bow in humble submission to His holy will. I 
send you the following extract relating to his death, from Colonel Pickett's 
official report of the battle of Petersburg : 

" First Lieutenant Upton, in command of company I, was killed. In the 
loss of this officer the regiment and service have lost one whose place it will 
be difficult to fill. Young, brave and patriotic, he was among the first to 
offer his services to his country, entering into all the trials and hardships of a 
soldier's life with a cheerfulness of disposition and a buoyancy of spirits, 
which won for him the respect and confidence of his superior officers ; prompt 
in the performance of, and attentive to all his duties, kind and affectionate to 
all under his command, he gained the respect and love of all who knew him. 
He met a soldier's death, dying at the head of his command as victory 
crowned our efforts." 

LIEUTENANT FRED. II. SIBLEY, TIIIRTY-SIXTII REGIMENT. 

Lieutenant Sibley originally enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment 

and served in it for the first year of its term of service, as a 

Corporal and Sergeant of Company B. Here he showed marked 

abihties as a soldier, and in the summer of 1862, he was recom- 



FITCIIEUrvG IN THE REBELLION. 163 

mended to the Governor for a Commission in tlie Tliirty-sixth 
Regiment, then forming, and received a commission of Second 
Lieutenant August 22d, 1862. He served with his regiment one 
year, being present in all its engagements and marches until July, 
1863, when (his regiment being then in Mississippi on the arduous 
Vicksburg campaign,) he was taken ill with chronic diarrhoea, 
and on the return of his regiment through Kentucky, he was 
sent to the hospital at Louisville, where he survived but thirty- 
six hours. His death occurred August 17th, 1863. His remains 
"were brought home by his father, and repose in our peaceful 
cemetery. He left a young wife to mourn his loss, to whom he 
had been married but a short time. 

The following extract from the pen of a brother officer, will 
show in what estimation he was held in his regiment : 

" Although a stranger to you, Lieutenant Sibley deserves more than a 
passing notice. I was intimately acquainted with him, and kneiv him well. 
He was formerly connected with the Fifteenth Mass. Regiment and had been, 
I think, in ten general engagements and skirmishes. He was one of the 
finest men I ever knew — an accompUshed soldier, a true patriot, an honor- 
able, upright man. His gentlemanly deportment had won for him the esteem 
of all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance." 

We are told by those who knew him better than we did, that 
he was a general favorite wherever he was. We know that he 
was brave and chivalrous, for we have on record in another part 
of this volume, the part he took in saving his Colonel not only 
from the hands of the enemy, but from a watery grave in the 
Potomac. All such noble spirits we should delight to honor, and 
their memories should be peculiarly precious. 

LIEUT. COL. GEORGE E. MARSHALL, FORTIETH REGIMENT. 
The following extract from " Reed's Hospital Life in the army of 
the Potomac," contains a fitting tribute to Lieut. Col. Marshall, and 
will be read with interest. 



16-4 PITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 

" While we were waiting the arrival of the wounded, we went in search of 
the Fortieth Massachusetts Kegiment. The headquarters were under a thick 
bower of magnolia leaves, and we received a cordial welcome from Lieut. 
Col. Marshall. The men were resting on their arms, their knapsacks being 
merely unstrapped, and their guns lying within reach, ready for marching 
orders The men were full of spirits and enthusiasm, although in the midst 
of a severe campaign. They were to enter upon their work again to-morrow, 
few of them probably realizing that the setting sun of that day was to be the 
last that many of them would ever look upon. As we sat in this cool, shady 
spot, a staff ofl&cer rode up with orders to have the regiment prepared to 
move at a moment's notice, and we left the column ready for its march. 
The skirmishing previous to the battle of Cold Harbor had begun. The 
heavy guns were distinctly heard that morning — that desultory firing, omin- 
ous of the coming engagement. The regiment joined its brigade, marched to 
Cold Harbor, and, before another sun had set, the Colonel and one hundred 
of his brave men were dead and buried on the battle field. The fire of a 
genuine patriotism burned in the heart of Colonel Marshall. Bold as a lion, 
ho was as sensitive as a girl. With utter fearlessness in danger, nothing 
could touch so quickly those finer sensibilities of honor as the slightest inti- 
mation of reproach, that from any cause he was neglectful of his duty. The 
life of a skilful officer, of a devoted, earnest and faithful man, was thrown 
away in rashly vindicating himself from an aspersion as unjust as it was 
inconsiderate ; and when the noble fellow fell, the tears of his men watered 
his grave. The brown, haggard soldiers, with powder-stained hands, placed 
him reverently under the sod, with his comrades who fell at his side. 

The sight of a field of carnage must not be described. But in the rear of 
it we can see groups of men sitting under trees, or lying in agony, having 
crawled to some shady spot, to brook-side or ravine, where they may bathe 
their fevered wounds or quench their thirst while waiting their turn to be 
removed in ambulances to the hospital." 

LIEUT. GEORGE G. NUTTING, FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

Lieutenant Nutting was killed in battle at Fort Bisland, La., 
April 13th, 1863. 

He was an old soldier of the Militia, and held a commission 
in the Fusiliers previous to going into the service. The call for 
nine months men found him among the first to volunteer to go, 
and he entered the service as First Lieutenant of Company A, 
Fifty-third Regiment. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 105 

He proved an efficient officer and a thorough disciplinarian. He 
vras a great favorite with the men under his command, for 
whose comfort he was ever careful and sohcitous. He had the 
command of his company in the battle . in which he lost his life, 
and was observed through the thickest of the contest leading his 
men witli a calmness and fearlessness truly his own. He was 
shot through the head and died in half an hour. Col. Kimball, 
in a letter announcing his death, thus speaks of him : 

" Our much loved Lieutenant Nutting is no more. He fell 
nobly while gallantly leading his men close up to tlie enemy's 
works. He was cool and determined, and exhibited while in l)attle 
the same noble and manly traits of character which always gov- 
erned him in civil life — that is, to do his duty, Ms whole duty 
without hesitation or fear. His company acquitted themselves hand- 
somely, moving forward under a severe fire from a concealed foe, 
with promptness and great courage, at every order to advance. 
They were in the most trying position of any company in the 
line. The last time I saw Lieutenant Nutting ahve, I gave him 
orders to move his men forward ten paces, and extend intervals 
to the right twenty-five paces, to prevent the enemy turning our 
right, which I much feared they would attempt to do. He sprang 
forward and gave his orders as coolly as if on dress parade, 
encouraging his men by his personal bravery, as well as by words. 
My attention was immediately called to another part of the fine, 
and I left him, knowing that my orders to him would be carried 
out if it were in the power of man to do it. I saw him no 
more till I saw him the next morning, calmly sleeping his last 
sleep, having fought his last battle, and looking as natural and 
happy as in life. May we ever cherish his memory, and remem- 
ber that he died as he had lived, true to the Old Flag, and 
bravely fighting for the country he loved so well. Peace to his 
ashes ! May he receive a crown of glory in a better world, as a 
reward for duty nobly done." 



lOG FITCHBUkG IN THE REBELLION. 

His loss was severely felt by both officers and men of the 
regiment, for his many good qualities had endeared him alike to 
all, while his great ability as an officer was felt and appreciated 
by his brother officers and superiors. 

FRED L. WORKS, CO. A, FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

He died of disease at Opelousas, La., April 2od, 1863, aged 
twenty-one years. He was the son of Daniel Works, of this town, 
born and bred here, and had seldom left the quiet of his father's farm, 
until his country called for his services. He was not slow to respond, 
but with his brother, and some of his near neighbors and comrades, 
enlisted in the 53d regiment. He was a thoroughly conscientious 
young man, and ever followed the path of rectitude. He was of a 
mild, amiable disposition, and drew to himself the love of his com- 
rades and friends. As a soldier, he was true and faithful to e very- 
duty. He shared the fortunes of his regiment mitil after its first 
battle, in which he bore himself most bravely. After the battle of 
Fort Bisland, the regiment marched very rapidly in pursuit of the 
enemy, towards Alexandria. Fred had been unwell for some days, 
but would not give up until obliged to. On the fourth day of the 
march he was obliged to succumb, being already in a burning 
fever. He was placed on a horse and carried to Opelousas, where 
he died in less than a Aveek. His brother was with him, and took care 
of him until his death. His funeral took place the next day from the 
hospital, and was attended by his company and the field and stafl" 
officers. "VYe well remember the sad occasion. The services at the 
house were held just before night, and it was almost dark before the 
mournful procession, with muffled drums and " arms reversed," 
started for the little cemetery where his remains were to be deposited. 
Arriving there, we assembled about the grave, and by the pale light 
of the moon, the services proceeded. A most impressive prayer was 
made by the chaplain, after which the body was lowered into the 
g\und. Then three sharp volleys over his grave, told the villagers 



FITCIIBURO IN THE KEBELLION. 1G7 

tliat another Union soldier had gone to his long home. He sleeps 
among a most rebellious people, but they will respect his grave. It 
is not impossible that the time may come, when they or their de- 
scendants can pay it due reverence. 

HENKY S. WOODBURY, CO. A, riFTY-TIIIED REGIMEXT. 

(COMMtnsnCATED . ) 

A private in Co. A, 58d Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, was 
a native of Fitchburg, the youngest son of William Woodbury, Esq., 
of unblemished character, of marked amiability, the hope and stay 
of his aged parents, he went to the war, from the purest motives of 
patriotism, leaving to the care of others, dependent loved ones. He 
shared in the privations of the early history of his regiment, always 
full of hope for the future, his letters breathed the ardor of one who 
had the interest of his country always near his heart, but seon after 
reaching Baton Rouge, La., he was attacked with chronic diarrhoea, 
and before his entire recovery, his regiment was ordered to Port Hud- 
son, and he would not consent to be left behind, took his place in 
the ranks, went, and returned again to Baton Rouge. But the 
effort was too much for him, weakened as he was by disease, and 
again he returned to the hospital, where everything was done for him 
by his comrades, but on the 30th of March, I860, he died peacefully 
and hopeful that he should meet loved ones in a better land. His 
body was tenderly and carefully taken to New Orleans, by Chaplain 
Whittemore, encased in a beautiful metalhc casket, and sent to Fitch- 
burg, and it rests in the new cemetery of his native village. But 
long will his memory be cherished by a fond wife and only child, and 
those who knew and loved him so well. A few more years and they 
shall reach that better land, 

" Where hand to hand firm linked at hist, 

And heart to lieart enfolded all — 

We'll smile upon the troubled past, 

And wonder why we wejit at all." L. H. B. 



168 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

CAPTAIN GEORGE H. BAILEY, FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

The following letter from the Chaplam of the Fifty-third Regi- 
ment to the friends of Captain George H. Bailey, is a just tribute 
to the memory of a brave man. 

" In tile Field neak Port Hudson, ) 
June 2rf, 1863. j" 

Mk. JoiIx\ L. Bailey, 

Dear Sir : — You have doubtless before this, received the sad intelli- 
gence of the death of your beloved son. I would not add new jiain to your 
heart by a recital of the wounds he bore, the sufferings he passed through, 
were it not that a sense of duty urges me to bear testimony to the worth of a 
gallant of&cer, a noble soldier. 

George had just been elected Captain of a company with which he had 
long been identified. They knew him, — he had been a tried servant, a true 
companion in arms ; by him they chose to be led ; their hopes were high — 
his were exalted. New dangers were to be encountered, and we commenced 
our attack ujwn Port Hudson. None were more earnest in the contest than 
Company A, and George was the equal of the most brave. On the night of 
the 25th of May, while leading his command forward as skirmishers, the 
rebels opened a wild and rapid fire upon them ; he fell, having been shot 
througli the side and arm. He was carried from the field back two miles to 
a sugar house, which was converted into a hospital. Here he received good 
attention from Mr. Spaulding, who was sent to take care of him. He began 
however, to fail, and died on the 28th. I saw him once after he was carried 
to the hospital ; he was cheerful in his mind, and expressed a hope of getting 
able to do duty again. He was very sorry to have been wounded so early in 
t!ie struggle. When he found he must die, he was frequently seen engaged 
in silent prayer. To questions asked by Mr. Spaulding, he gave answers 
such as warranted him to believe that George was not only prepared for the 
great issue of life, but the Christian's hope was liis. The last words he uttered 
were, " It is all right " 

In view of this assurance, may we not feel that though a good man has 
fallen, though the loss among the dear ones is great, yet has he gtiined in 
exchange, eternal life, immortal happiness ! May the consolation of the just 
be yours. May you be able, even in tribulation, to rejoice and say, "all 
things shall work together for good to them that love God." 

It was our intention to have sent the remains of your son home, but circum- 
stances would not permit, therefore, we were compelled to give him a burial 
a«ar the battle ground. It is a spot easily found, quiet and retired, not hable 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 169 

to be disturbed. "We had quite a service, for we buried at tbe same time. 
Lieutenant Colonel Kodman, of the Thirty-eighth Mass. 

Deeply do I sympathize with the afflicted widow, and pray God that He 
may temper her mind to a resignation to His will, and pour into her heart 
the oil of consolation. 

Truly yours, 

B. FRANK WHITTEMOllE, 

Chaplain bU Regt M. V. M. 



PRIVATES EDWARD P. FARWELL, AND J. HENRY KENDALL, 
OF CO. A, FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

These two young men, both of whom lost their lives at Port Hud- 
son, the one by disease, and the other on the field of battle, deserve 
more than a passing notice. 

They are representatives of one class of our soldiers, and that is 
the noble, enthusiastic, conscientious " boy soldier." Both were of 
the very youngest that went out from us. Young Farwell was but 
eighteen at the time of his enUstment, of rather slender constitution, 
but quite well matured. Full of courageous patriotism, when in the 
summer of 1862, the call came for nine months troops, he was filled 
with an earnest desire to go forth and do battle for his country. His 
friends remonstrated with him on account of his youth and slender 
health, but his only answer was " some must defend the country, and 
I feel it my duty to go." Of course, his friends yielded. He went, 
but returned no more. He followed the fortunes of his regiment to 
Port Hudson, where he was laid low with a fatal disease, and lived 
only to see the surrender of that stronghold, and to die within its for- 
tifications, on the 19th of July, 1863. He was a brave soldier, a 
genial companion, a kind-hearted, affectionate boy. 

We close this notice with an extract from a letter from the chaplain 
of the regiment, to his parents. He says : 

" "When the regiment moved from Port Hudson, July 11th, he was 
too sick to go with them, and he, with his cousin, Wm. H. Simonds, 
were left behind, both in a critical condition. Side by side, they lay 
22 



170 FirCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

for several days, till Saturday, P. M., when Edward rapidly failed. 
At dark, he knew no one but his cousin, and soon was senseless, 
apparently free from all pain, and dropped asleep calmly, and with- 
out a struggle, Sabbath morning at two and one-half o'clock. Mr. 
Simonds says that Edward was constantly talking of " going home," 
that he never gave up the idea but that he should go when the reg- 
iment did, and the night he died, when insensible to objects around 
him, thought he was at home, and spoke of friends there. Ambi- 
tious almost to the last, he could not bear to lay down his energies for 
usefulness ; but poor Edward was compelled to succumb. Disease 
had nestled long in his vitals, and he was willing to be administered 
unto. I cannot, however, conceive a more appropriate place to fall, 
if the soldier boy must die, than in the stronghold of that power 
which he Avith the rest of the brave and the noble, had so long striven 
to overcome." 

J. Henry Kendall, our other " boy soldier," was wounded at Port 
Hudson, June 14th, 1863, and died June 24th, following. 

He was but a delicate boy, not quite seventeen when he enlisted, 
and really never should have been accepted in the ranks. But though 
small and delicate of frame, his courage was the most undaunted. 
Twice before had he offered himself and been rejected on account of 
his youth. Conscientiously beheving that it was his duty to give up 
a good situation, to leave a widowed mother, to go forth to endure all 
the hardships and privations of a soldier's life, it was futile to attempt 
to convince him to the contrary. Men were not volunteering very 
fast ; the call was urgent, the danger seemed imminent. He (brave 
young soul) felt it, and when_^ his mother plead with him, that he 
should not think of going into such service, on account of his extreme 
youth, his reply was : " Mother, if the men will not go to the war, 
the hoys must." He enlisted in the 53d. Delicate as he was, he 
endured the rough life, the long marches, the hot chmate, exceedingly 
well, though his naturally slender form grew but more thin. But his 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 171 

courage lield out to tlie last. The writer remembers a conversation with 
him the night before the battle in which he received his fatal wound. 
He said to him " Henry, do you not find this a much harder service 
than you expected when you left home ?" He said, " It is hard, 
much rougher than I thought we should get it, but I am in for it, and 
I intend to make the best of it, and do my whole duty to the end." 
Dear child ! nobly had he done every duty required of him, nobly 
did he perform his part on the next day, charging with the very front 
line up to the works, and receiving there the wound that cost him his 
life. He was sent to the hospital at New Orleans the day after the 
battle, suffered amputation, and died among strangers. Of his last 
hours we have been unable to get an account, but we doubt not that 
if he was conscious, that he passed to the world beyond perfectly com- 
posed and satisfied that he had done what he could for the sake of 
his country and the dear old flag. His remains were brought home, 
and he sleeps on the hill-side, " over the river." 

" Blest youth, regardful of thy doom, 
Aerial hands shall build thy tomb 
With sliadowy trophies crowned ; 
Whilst Honor bathed in tears shall rove, 
To sigh thy name through every grove, 
And call her heroes round," 

CAPTAIN JOSEPH W. GIRD, FIFTY-SEVENTH EEGIMENT. 

Captain Gird was killed in the battle of the Wilderness, May 
6th, 1864. 

Of his early life we know but little. He came among us, a 
young man, some two years before the war, and was connected 
with the " Reveille'^ as an assistant editor. He was intelligent and 
studious, and gave promise of a useful life. He w^as manly and 
generous hearted, and gained for himself many warm friends. He 
was earnestly patriotic, and was early in the field to do his share 
in sustaining the Government in its war against traitors. He 
enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Regiment, and served in the ranks for 
one year, when he was promoted to First Lieutenant in the Thirty- 



1T2 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

sixth Regiment, where he served about the same time, and was 
promoted to Captain in the Fifty-seventh Regiment in the autumn 
of 1863, while the regiment was being raised. He at once com- 
menced recruiting a company, and, in pursjiit of that object, 
addressed " war meetings" in Worcester, Fitchburg, and other 
places. JNIany of us remember his earnest appeal to the young 
men of this community, urging upon them their duties to their 
country. His company was at last filled, and left for the front, 
April 18th, 1864, and, in less than three weeks, was engaged at 
the Wilderness, where Captain Gird fell. No truer, or braver 
officer ever drew a sword, while none have entered the service 
from purer motives, or from a more conscientious sense of duty. 
He left a wife, to whom he was married a few months before. 

SIMON S. MARSHALL, THIRD CAVALRY. 

(from the sentinel of SEPT. 5, 1862.) 

" Sergeant Simon S. Marshall, son of Abel Marshall of this town, 
died at St. James Hospital, New Orleans, from the effects of a 
wound in the leg, received while in a skirmish with the enemy at 
Baton Rouge, in July last. Young Marshall entered the service 
of his country early, enhsted as a private in the third battalion of 
Massachusetts Mounted Rifle Rangers, Captain Magee, where he 
was soon promoted to the office of Sergeant, which position he held 
at the time of his death. The battalion with which he was con- 
nected, composed a portion of General Butler's force, which after 
a short tarry at Ship Island, found its way to New Orleans, after 
its capture by Farragut, Sometime in June his company was sent 
to Baton Rouge, to act against the numerous guerrilla parties that 
infested that region. It was in a skirmish with a party of guerrillas 
that young Marshall received the wound which caused his death. 
He lost his life in endeavoring to rescue a comrade who was 
surrounded by the foe. He gallantly rushed to the rescue, and 
thus gave his life in the sacred cause." 



FITCHBURG IN' THE REBELLION. 173 

We publish below a letter from Dr. Paine, wlio attended him 
during his sickness, and cheered him in his last hours: 

St. James Hospital, ) 

Kew Orleans, La , Aug. 11th, 18G2. ) 

Miss Lottie Marshall : — I have sad news to toll you, and I miglit as 
well speak out at once. Your brother Simon was wounded in the battle of 
Baton Rouge, on the 5th of August. A bullet passed through his right 
thigh, midway between the hip and knee. From the wound he has had 
several hemorrhages, all more or less severe. In a weak state he was 
brought from Baton Rouge to this hospital, where he came under my charge. 
When I first saw him he was very weak from loss of blood. I at once set 
about giving him such tonics and stimulants as I thought would mend his 
condition. He did well up to this morning, when a discharge of pus and 
clotted blood took place from the wound, immediately followed by a serious, 
and, I fear, fatal hemorrhage. Evidently an artery had been wounded by 
the ball, and the only question was — should I cut down and tie the artery ? 
I thought him too weak to stand tlie operation ; but I called in two brigade 
surgeons, who were of the opinion that he would die during the operation. 
He seemed quite calm this afternoon, and I thought it right to acquaint him 
with the idea that I thought that his recovery would be extremely doubtful. 
He said he was ready to go ; he embraced the Christian belief sometime ago, 
and believed that he should soon be with Jesus. I took the chaplain of my 
regiment. Rev. Mr. Chubbuck, to your brother's bedside, and each prayed 
in turn. It was a solemn scene, and touched me deeply. I thought of the 
near ones and the dear ones at home, as I bathed his pallid brow, and pei- 
formed those tender offices that a mother or a sister can do so well. " Tell 
my mother," said he, " that I die a true Christian." " Tell my sisters to 
seek the Lord while he can be found, for they may be taken away in a 
moment. Oh ! tell them I am not dead, but only gone before them to pre- 
pare a place for them. I ishall ever be near them and watch over them." 
At another time he said, " tell my sisters that I died a soldier ! " 

This is sad news to send, but you must try and bear up under it, and 
remember the words of your dying brother — that only in Jesus can you find 
rest and freedom from all earthly cares and sorrows. You have my heartfelt 
sympathy in this, your hour of trial, and believe me. 
Yours very truly, 

J. T. PAINE, 

Ass't Surg. 31s< Mass. RegH. 

P. S. — Your brother died this evening, at twenty minutes to seven. T 
was with him to the last. The last time he spoke was when I asked him if 



174 FITCHBURQ IN THE REBELLION. 

he knew me. He said, "Yes, you are the doctor." He took my hand in 
his, and soon after died very quietly. He had a friend, Mr. J. A. Page, of 
the 4th Massachusetts Battery, who attended him day and night almost, and 
is deserving of your thanks, 

I enclose a lock of your brother's hair. • J. T. P. 



JOSEPH LOWE, JOSIAII C. TRASK, FREDERICK KIMBALL, 

OF LAWRKNCE, KANSAS. 

These three men, our former to^vnsmen, though not citizens of 
Fitchburg at the breaking out of the rebellion, yet seem to have 
claims upon our notice in these " memorials." They all fell in the 
" Quantrcll raid " upon Lawrence, Kansas, Aug. 21st 1863. Many 
will well recollect Lowe and Kimball as worthy and respected men, 
while wnth us, and young Trask will be remembered as a bright and 
promising boy. They all emigrated to Kansas while that State was 
fighting out her battles against the slave power, and stood up manfully 
and boldly for freedom. In that terrible night of the massacre, so full 
of horrors, Lowe lost his life by being suffocated in a well, whither he 
liad gone to rescue the mayor of the city, who had sought refuge 
there from the infuriated gang of desperadoes. Kimball, in attempt- 
ing to escape to a ravine, was discovered by the demons, halted and 
shot in cold blood, and yoimg Trask was called out from his own 
house, and cruelly murdered in the presence of his wife. The 
remains of Lowe and Trask were brought to Fitchburg and buried. 
The funeral of Mr. Trask took place September 3d, and that of Mr. 
Lowe, September 4th. The latter was conducted by the " Masone." 
The former was held at the Trinitarian Church, and from Rev. Mr. 
Davis' sermon, preached on the occasion, we are permitted to make 
the following extracts, believing them to be a just tribute to a " noble 
young hero." 

" Fourtoon years ago T first knew Josiah C. Trask. He was a frank, 
glad, inipetnnus youth — the elements of a great life within him, and vital 
force enough to make that life, should tliese elements be perverted, a mem- 
orable ^wreck, or if consecrated, lift it into preeminent usefulness and 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 175 

imperishable honor. For years I watched with unwonted interest 
the development of that life. But with native nobleness ^of mind, he 
bad also upon him the constant pressure of that wide, warm, earnest, 
liberty-loving, pilgrim faith, which, thank God, has never wholly died out 
from the homes and churches of New England. Before he left Fitchburg, 
many a friend beside myself rejoiced to see these elements worthily rounding 
into form— a form of character which after years were making compact and 
beautiful. 

Look at a few traits, which will be at once recognized by those who 
knew him : 

Industry. — Who ever knew him otherwise than busy ? lie was preemi- 
nently so ; and, as the years went on, and he entered more fully into the 
battle of life, he seemed to act on Cecil's motto — " Do something — do it — 

DO IT." 

Self-reliance. — When, at the age of sixteen, he left home, to find em- 
ployment in his chosen profession, his father said to him, " Shall I not give 
you letters of introduction and recommendation to gentlemen in the city, my 
son?" His reply was characteristically full of this manly trait: " I think 
not, sir ; I can introduce myself, and intend to be my own recommendation." 

Regard for Freedom. — It was this that led him to Kansas seven years 
ago. It was this that kept him there — that he might help 'permanently to 
secure in that young and thriving State the inheritance whose purchase had 
cost so much blood and treasure. He was asked, some time previous to his 
fall, " What will you do if the guerrillas invade your State?" His reply 
was brave and characteristic : " I'U die for Kansas !"* 

Unselfishness. — "Was my son a Christian?" asked his father of the 
business man in Kansas, who of all others knew him best. " No, sir, not 
by profession," was the reply ; " but he was unselfish. He loved God, and 
he loved his fellow-men." In short, he seems to me to have heard King 
David's charge to his kingly son: " Show thyself a man !" and to have con- 
secrated the energies of his nature to fulfil it. 

And must this life, so earnest and so full of promise, go out in darkness ? 

* " O, fateful prophecy! O, fresh young lips, 

That uttered it half smiling ! Did no drear 
Forecast of evil, like a dark eclipse, 

Blanch their bright bloom the while, as with a mortal fear ? 

' I'll die for Kansas !' Ay, and he has died ! 

Died in the freshness of his young renown. 
O, reverently, my country, yet with pride. 

Give him his well-earned due, a martyr's name and crown ! 

And ' bleeding Kansas,' as she counts her slain, 

And Freedom, numbering up her martyred dead, 
Shall make brave mention of his sacred name, 

And weeping say, ' For us, for us his blood was shed." 



176 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLIOIT. 

No — it cannot be. He has neither lived nor died in vain. I recognize in 
this young man — strong, beautiful, intelligent, unselfish — -and the fiend, who, 
nigh his own threshold, in the gray of that terrible morning, drew the mur- 
derous rifle upon him, the fitting representatives of the two civilizations, the 
Pilgrim Rock and the Slave Oligarchy, now in deadly conflict on this conti- 
nent. As the accursed assassin smote down this young man, so the relent- 
less slave power is striving to trample down into utter ruin all that is 
precious in 

"The land which our fathers loved — 

The freedom which they died to win." 

Let this bloody deed be a warning to the land, and, with its kindred atro- 
cities, impress the people with this fact, that, if the nation shall live, slavery 
must die ! 

We have thus given appropriate notices of our own, and such as 
•we have been able to gather up of some of our " fallen heroes." Few 
among those whoge names appear in the long hst we have given, 
who might not truly be spoken of in terms as high as those who 
have been more particularly noticed. To the credit of Massachu- 
setts, it may be said, that a large majority of her soldiers were 
young men of character and standing in society ; men who went 
to fight, not for hire, nor for the excitement of the service, but 
from true love for their country, and with a full appreciation of 
the justice of the cause in which they were engaged. They fought 
in the most holy cause that ever freemen fought, or freemen fell ; 
and in tlieir deaths have they most nobly illustrated the old Roman 
maxim, " Dulee et decoi-um est pro p atria mari.^^ Not all fell upon 
the field of battle, but not less honorable the deaths of those who 
yielded up their lives in the hospitals, or those more unfortunate 
still, who endured the untold miseries of a rebel prison, and who 
perished by slow starvation. 

Our common grief is poured out for them all — our common 
gratitude is due them all. While we are conscious of the debt we 
owe to the bravo survivors of many a hard fought field, more tender 
are the tics that bind us to the memory of our dead heroes. To 
their honor tlicre should be built in our midst, an enduring menu- 



FITCHBUKa IN THE REBELLION. 177 

ment ; whether a granite shaft, " memorial hall," or othcrAvIse, it 
matters not, so that these names shall be cherished to remote pos- 
terity; so that it shall be a memento to the children, (as they 
grow up and learn the lessons of the past,) of the valor, the patri- 
otism, and self sacrifice of those who laid down their hves that 
they ought enjoy the blessings of free-government, and that the 
country might be forever rid of that which has well nigh crushed 
its being — ^human slavery. But not alone by monumental piles 
shall their memories be preserved. As has been nobly said by 
our worthy Governor — 

" Ail generations shall commemorate their valor and their patriotism. No 
ties of kindred can impose limitations upon the grief and gratitude in which 
they shall be held and treasured. The country shall he their monument." 

23 



SOLDIERS' FUNERALS. 

During the war, seven public military funerals have been held 
in this town. 

The first, of Captain C. S. Simonds of the Fifteenth Regiment ; 
second. Lieutenant Henry A. Beckwith of the Twenty-first; third, 
Lieutenant Nutting of the Fifty-third ; fourth. Lieutenant Sibley of 
the Thirty-sixth ; fifth, Captains Bailey and Taft of the Fifty-third ; 
skth, Privates Farwell, Stuart and Kendall of the Fifty-third, with 
Sergeant Marshall of the Tliird Cavalry, and seventh, that of 
Lieutenant Colonel Marshall of the Fortieth. 

Our space will not allow us to give in detail, an account of each, 
and we therefore give, in full, only the account of the first, second, 
and last, with a brief reference to each of the others. 

Captain Clark S. Simonds fell at Antietam, September 17th, 
1862, and his funeral occurred September 23d. 

The following account is taken from the Reveille of Sept. 25th : 

FUNERAL OF CAPTAIN CLARK S. SIMONDS. 

The funeral of Clark S. Simonds, captain of the Fitchburg company in 
the 15th regiment, took place at Fitchburg, on Tuesday afternoon. The 
banks, stores, and other places of business were closed, flags were draped in 
black, and the citizens generally gathered together, to manifest their respect 
and affection for this brave officer, whose noble death on the battle-field, in 
defence of his country, was in harmony with the manly virtues which adorned 
his character as a son, husband, father and citizen. 

The remains lay in the lower hall, the coffin covered with the national flag, 
for the honor of which the deceased had sacrificed his life. A photograph 
of life-like appearance, was resting upon the coffin, and with sword, belt and 
sash, brought vividly to mind our late friend and citizen, who has passed 
away from earth in the defence of his country. The tokens of friendship 
which adorned the coffin in the way of flowers, wreaths, &c., were most 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 179 

excellent and appropriate, and were kindly contributed by Mrs. A. P. Kim- 
ball, together with others, among whom may be mentioned, Mrs. L. H. 
Bradford, Mrs. Sylvanus Wood, and many others whose names we could not 
ascertain. We also noticed a beautiful bouquet placed upon the speaker's^ 
stand in the upper ball. 

The funeral services took place at the town hall, consisting of a sermon by 
Rev. A. J. Weaver, prayers by Rev. Kendall Brooks and Rev. A. O.Ham- 
ilton, a requiem by Mrs. C. M. Lowe, an original hymn l)y Mrs. C. A. 
Mason, and music by the choirs of the several churches. Appropriate ad- 
dresses were also made by Rev. William G-. Scandlin, late Chaplain of the 
Fifteenth, and Rev. E. Davis, of Fitchburg. 

The funeral procession, escorted by the band of the Twenty -fifth Regiment, 
from Worcester, was composed of the relatives of the deceased, the Fusiliers 
and Guards, the ex-members of the Fusiliers, the several Fire companies of 
the town, and other citizens, under the command of Capt. Eugene T. Miles. 

There were present, Col. Ward, Rev. Mr. Scandlin, Lieut. Goddard, and 
Surgeon Bates of the Fifteenth, Capt. Howe, of Gen. Sedgwick's staff, Lieut. 
Col. Sprague of the Twenty-fifth, and Major Foster of the Twenty-first. 

The pall-bearers were Capt. Foss of the Twenty-fifth, Capt. Page of the 
Eleventh, Capt. Davis of the Twenty-first M. V., Capt. Walker of the 
Twenty-first, Lieut. Lawrence of the Twenty-fifth, and Lieut. Barrett of 
the M. V. M. 

The ceremonies were impressive and earnest, and bore emphatic "but mel- 
ancholy testimony to the honor in which the memory of the deceased will 
ever be held by his fellow townsmen. 

Capt. Simonds fell on Wednesday of last week, in the fierce battle led by 
Hooker and Sumner, in the moment of victory, struck by the fragment of a 
shell, dying almost instantly. He was twenty-eight years of age, and leaves 
a wife and two children to mourn his loss and revere his memory. 

FUNERAL OF LIEUTENANT HENRY A. BECKWITH. 
(from the sextixel.) 

"The body of Lieutenant Beckwith, of Co. D, Twenty-first Mass. Regi- 
ment, who was killed at the battle of Chantilly, September 1st, arrived home 
on Saturday last, in charge of his wife and Henry A. Willis, Esq., and the 
funeral took place in the Town Hall on Sunday. The exercises were of a 
solemn and interesting character. The Hall was densely packed with our 
citizens, who assembled to witness the last funeral rites to the dead soldier. 

The exercises commenced by the singing of a hymn by the choir, under 
the direction of Prof. K H. Frost ; followed by Reading of the Scriptures by 
Rev. A. J. Weaver; Prayer by Rev. A. Emerson. Rev. E. Davis 



180 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

preached the Sermon, giving a sketch of his life and character, and drawing 
an appropriate lesson from the sad occasion. The services in the Hall closed 
with prayer by Rev. Kendall Brooks, singing by the choir, and benediction 
by Rev. A. 0. Hamilton. 

The hall was draped in mourning, and decorated with national flags. 
Beautiful bouquets were placed upon the speaker's table, and on the wall 
were hung splendid portraits of Gens. Washington and Burnside, encircled 
with wreaths of evergreen and flowers intermingled, and below, made of ever- 
green and flowers, were the words " Twenty-first Regiment " — presenting a 
beautiful display, and exceedingly appropriate. The decorations were put 
up under the supervision of Mr. Samuel Bowman, assisted by Mr. E. C. 
Spooner, a member of the Washington Guards. The wreaths and bouquets 
were arranged and contributed by Miss Nancy Hodgman, Mrs. Davis, Mrs. 
William Wood, Mrs. T. S. Foster, Misses Carrie and Lizzie Stone, Mrs. 
Pratt, Mrs. L. H. Bradford, and others. 

The procession was formed in front of the town house, in the following 
order : The Ashburnham Cornet Band, Washington Guards, under the com- 
mand of Capt. Jonas Corey, ex-members of the Guards, the workmen of the 
Putnam Machine Company, the hearse, mourners in carriages, and citizens. 

The solemn procession marched with slow and mournful tread, to the 
grave, where the remains of the dead soldier were deposited in their last 
resting place. 

FUNERAL OF LIEUTENANT GEORGE G. NUTTING, 

OF THE FIFTY-TIimD KEGIMEXT. 

First Lieut. Nutting was killed at Fort Bisland, La., April 13th, 
1868, while bravely leading his company in an assault upon the 
" works " of the enemy. His remains were immediately sent home 
and given a public burial, May 1st, 1863. The occasion was a 
sad and interesting one. Business generally was suspended, the flags 
floated mournfully at half mast, many emblems of mourning were dis- 
played, and everything gave token of a genuine, public grief. The 
services were held in the Town Hall, which was beautifully'decorated 
for the occasion, after which the procession was formed and pro- 
ceeded to the cemetery, escorted by our two militia companies, and 
followed by the whole fire department, and a large concourse of citi- 
zens. The customary salute was fired, and the soldier was at rest. 
The whole proceedings under the supervision of Capt. E. T. Miles 
and A. P. Kimball, Esq., were very successful, and liighly imposing. 



PITCHBUIIQ IN THE REBELLION. 181 

LIEUTENANT FEEDEEICK H. SIBLEY. 

The funeral of Lieutenant Siblej took place from the Universa- 
list Church, August 27th, 1863, his remains having arrived two 
days before, in charge of his father, who went to Kentucky to 
bring them home. A large concourse of his friends and acquaint- 
ances assembled to pay the last tribute of respect to the " fallen 
soldier." The services were very impressive, the sermon being 
preached by Rev. Mr. Weaver. 

The escort on the occasion Avas the Fitchburg Fusiliers, of which 
corps he was formerly a member. 

The occasion was a sad one, and in marked contrast to the 
demonstration of three days previous, when the Fifty-third Regi- 
ment was so joyfully welcomed home. 

So conflicting are the vicissitudes of war. 

FUNERAL OF CAPTAINS BAILEY AND TAFT, 

OF THE FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

Captains George H. Bailey, and Jerome K. Taft were both 
killed at Port Hudson, La. The former fell May 25th, 1863, 
and the latter June 14th, 1863. Both commanded Company A, 
of this town, Bailey having been commissioned as Captain ten 
days before his death, and Taft but four days before he fell. 

Their remains were brought home soon after the return of the 
regiment, and their funeral occurred October 5th, 1863. As on 
former similar occasions, no pains were spared to make the cere- 
monies worthy of those in whose honor they were held. The 
fact that both had commanded the same company, and fell withm 
so short a time of each other, added interest and sadness to the 
scene, now that, side by side, they rested on one bier. Both 
Fitchburg companies of the regiment, were out for escort duty, 
and many of their brother officers were present to do honor to 
their fallen comrades. The obsequies were a credit to those who 
had them in charge, and a noble tribute to the brave men they 
commemorated. 



182 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

FUNERAL OF SERG'T SIMON MARSHALL, OF THE THIRD CAVALRY, 
AND PRIVATES FARWELL, STUART, AND KENDALL, 

OF THE FIFTY-THIRD REGEMENT. 

This was a peculiarly touching occasion. Here were the bodies of 
four enlisted men, who had fallen on distant fields in Louisiana, all to 
be borne upon the same bier. Their remains were brought home in 
the spring of 180-1, by Mr. Josiah Spaulding, who made a journey to 
Louisiana, to procure them, and the funeral was held April 6th, 1864. 
The services were conducted by the several clergymen, and Rev. A. 
Emerson preached a discourse in which he paid feeling tributes to 
their memories, and gave some very interesting personal reminiscen- 
ces of them. With martial solemnity they were borne to the ceme- 
tery and buried, to sleep in their soldier graves, till the last grand 
" reveille " shall wake them to eternity. 

The following hymn, Avritten by Mrs. Caroline A. Mason, was sung 
on this sad occasion : 



Wrap the dear old flag around tliem ! 

Done at length with earthly strife, 
Let the symbols still surround them, 

Guarding which, they perilled life. 

They, the young, the good, the gifted ! 

Fallen in their early prime — 
O'er them let no dirge be lifted, 

But sweet pjeans, strong, sublime ! 

Oh ! dead heroes ! dead no longer, 
Battle scarred and sick no more ! 

Were our faith and hope but stronger, 
Should we thus your loss deplore ? 

Sighing in our human weakness, 

" Give, oh give them back we pray ? " 

Rather, should we not in meekness 
Lift our streaming eyes, and say, 

"Fold them, Father, kind and loving! 

Fold them on Thy gracious breast ; 
There, Thy care forever proving, 

They shall see Thee, and be blest." 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 183 

FUNERAL OF LIEUT. COLONEL GEORGE E. MARSHALL, 

OF THE FOKTIETH REGIMENT. 

Lieut. Col. Marshall was killed at the battle of Coal Harbor, June 
1st, 1864. He was buried on the field, and his remains were not 
recovered until the spring of 1866. At the annual Town Meeting, 
April 9th, 1866, the town voted to give his remains a public burial, 
and the " Committee on a Monument to our fallen heroes," was 
instructed to make all necessary arrangements, and take charge of 
the same. 

Thursday, the ever memorable 19th of April, was selected as the 
day for the services. It was providentially one of the most beautiful 
of the season, and everything seemed to favor the sad occasion. 
Business was entirely suspended during the afternoon. The fvmeral 
was a very imposing one, and was attended by his Excellency Gov. 
Bullock and his staff, Ex-Gov. Andrew, members of the city gov- 
ernment of Chelsea, and of the Legislature, who arrived in a special 
train from Boston, at one o'clock, P. M., and were received by the 
committee of arrangements, and escorted to dinner at the American 
House, and thence to the Town Hall. 

The Hall was decorated with remarkable taste and skill. The 
casket containing the remains was placed on a catafalque in the 
centre of the Hall, and covered with an American flag, upon 
which was placed the sword of the deceased officer. A large and 
beautiful wreath of japonicas and laurel, adorned the head of the 
casket, and a single large wliite hly formed a most appropriate 
ornament at its foot. Suspended above the catafalque was a taste- 
ful design intended to represent a star, with a large rosette 
depending from its centre, formed of the National colors, contrast- 
ing gracefully with the deep black and pui-e white of which the 
rays of the star were composed. A large golden eagle was 
represented as hovering above the casket, being heavily festooned 
with crape. The arrangement of flags and drapery over the 
platform, was in the form of a large shield, and was in harmony 
with the decorations in the centre, and around the sides of the 



184 FITCHBURa IN TIIE REBELLION. 

Hall. On each, and between every ray of the star above the 
casket, was inscribed the name of some battle in which the 
deceased had taken part. Four large photographs of the young 
officer were placed around the casket on the catafalque, surrounded 
with laurel wreaths, and at intervals were vases of flowers. 

The seats had been removed from the sides of the Hall, in 
order to admit the Military Escort, and the Fire Department. 
The seats in front, and to the right of the passageway, were occu- 
pied by the immediate relatives of the deceased, and those to the 
left by parents who had been bereft by the casualties of war. 
The Governor and Staff, with Ex-Governor Andrew, and several 
members of the Legislature, occupied seats on the platform. The 
Army and Navy Unions of Fitchburg and Leominster, attended 
in a body, and were ranged at the right of the Hall, with the 
Fitchburg Fusiliers, numbering sixty men. Captain Kimball command- 
ing. On the opposite side of the HaU stood the Fire Department, 
with the chief engineer and board of assistants, in all about three 
hundred men. The gallery and floor were filled to their utmost 
capacity, and deep interest was apparent in every countenance. 

The exercises were opened by singing, by a select choir, of the 
following hymn, composed for the occasion, by Mrs. C. A. Mason : 

BROUGHT HOME. 

Home, — to the spot where first 

He drew his happy breath ; 
Home, — with the stillness on his brow, 

The hush and calm of death ! 

Oil, reverent be your grief 

Above the sleeping one ; — 
Not as he went, returns again 

The Soldier and the son ! 

So prompt at duty's call. 

So dauntless and so brave ; — 
To shield his bleeding Country's life, 

His blood, his life he gave. 

Rest, Soldier, Patriot, Friend ! 

In your young manhood rest ; — 
Your Country's blessing o'er your bier. 

Her flag about your breast. 



FITCHBUHa IN THE REBELLION. 185 

With Wintlirop, fair and young, 

And Lyon, brave and good. 
We link your memory ; — martyred ones ! 

Ye died as brave men should ; — 

Your good swords in your hand, 

Your faces to the foe ; 
Oh, sainted heroes ! it was grand, 

'Twas glorious to die so ! 

A grateful land uprears 

Her tribute to your praise : 
Yours are the holiest of her tears, 

The greenest of her bays. 

Then followed an invocation by Rev. S. A. Collins of Fitchburg, 
and reading from the Scriptures by Rev. Mr. Hatch, of Fitchburg. 
A second hymn was simg, after which Rev. Henry L. Jones, rector 
of the Episcopal Church, deUvered the funeral oration. 

The present, he said, was an occasion truly solemn ; still it had 
been said it was " better to go to the house of mourning than to the 
house of feasting." In allusion to the many excellencies in the char- 
acter of the departed officer, he said there were some who lived, not 
for themselves, but for others and the great interests of humanity. 
He hoped their spirit might be caught by others, who would emulate 
their example. The day, he said, was peculiarly fitting for the occa- 
sion which called for the expression of their feelings. The 19th of 
April, — the anniversary of two of the most memorable events in 
American history, — the first blow for freedom, and the dastardly 
attack on Massachusetts men who were hastening to the defence of 
the national life. The speaker gave a brief sketch of the history and 
life of the departed hero. George E. Marshall, was the son of Abel 
Marshall, and was born on the 15th day of Jan. 183T. His early 
education was acquired in Fitchburg. Subsequently he removed to 
Chelsea, where he remained till the act Avhich inaugurated the war, 
when he enrolled himself, as a private, in the 13th INIassachusetts 
regiment. After following the young soldier through the fearful 
scenes of his experience, and referring to the well merited promotion 
which was awarded him by his appreciative superiors, he closed his 
21 



186 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

address with a liigli and touching tribute to the character and quali- 
ties of the subject of his oration. 

Rev. Mr. Jones was followed by his Excellency Governor Bullock, 
who spoke eloquently as follows : 

"Friends of Colonel Marshall, and Citizens of Fitchhurg : 

It has been to me a melancholy pleasure to attest by my presence the repre- 
sentative interest of the State in these services. A pleasure, indeed, because 
it is a duty to bid hail and farewell to those whose triumphant deaths have 
brought to us the double victory of Union and humanity. And a pleasure 
of melancholy, most surely, that even such rich results, so national and so 
enduring, should have made four years of war a continuous funeral, and 
should iengtlien the train into the years of peace. But such has been the 
providence of God, which brings this community to-day to one of the closing 
scenes. 

These ceremonies, this solemn service, this martial attendance, make fit trib- 
ute to the memory of Lieut. Col. Marshall. His friends, his neighbors, the 
whole people of this town of his residence and love, are out to reclaim his 
dust and to pay honors to him. This is simple justice to the soldier, and the 
best possible expression of the heart of the community which knew and 
cherished him. I have traced his record out of the peaceful pursuits of this 
town. I have followed him, when he left you, and after he left you, from 
Virginia to Fort Wao;ner, from Fort Wagner to Florida, from Florida to 
Drury's Bluff, and onward over all the field and through twenty-four battles, 
to Coal Harbor, where at last he fell. The manner and measure of his miU- 
tary service crowned his life with public praise, and the circumstance and 
the place of his death shed upon the close of that life a positive effulgence 
of glory. The battle of Coal Harbor was so barren of any appreciable 
advantage, that I would inscribe on the headstone of every Union soldier 
who laid down his life there, for his epitaph of renown, that he fought and 
died in obedience to orders, and for the sake of his example. Many of 
our best young men are entitled to that great distinction ; for they passed 
thence to their sleep, and witnessed not in their last moments, the possible 
benefit of the battle. It is to render the tribute of official honor and per- 
sonal sympathy in commemoration of the gallant service and glorious death 
of such a hero, that I am pleased to unite my presence and voice with yours. 
Nor is it for the brave departed Marshall alone. I do not forget, in the 
thick-coming memories which this scene enforces upon me, that this ancient 
and beautiful town of Fitchburg — to which by neighborhood, ties of birth 
and youthful residence, my heart over draws me, and ever will — distin- 



FlTCHBtRO IN THE REBELLION. 187 

guished herself by the promptness, by the alacrity, by the protligality of 
means and of men, with which she entered upon the opening, solemn drama 
in the early days of the war. Not many towns in the State matched her record, 
and few, if any, surpassed her. My friend and predecessor in office, who is 
present, (Grovernor Andrew) knows only too well and too sadly, how many 
of these brave boys went forth from this town, to uphold the flag of the gov- 
ernment, and breathed their last sigh in triumphant death under its folds. 
This day of local observance, with reversed arms, and muffled drums, and 
the lengthened train, and the sorrowful assemblage, belongs to Marshall, and 
to all of them. This day, the nineteenth of April, in a broader and more 
historical sense of the earlier and the later baptism, belongs not only to 
them, but to all the sons of the Commonwealth, who laid down their lives, 
that the country might live. It is my privilege, in the present instance, to 
pronounce the thanksgiving and the benediction of Massachusetts, over their 
scattered ashes, and over their common graves. All generations shall com- 
memorate their valor and their patriotism. No ties of kindred can impose 
limitations upon the grief and gratitude in which they shall be held and 
treasured. The country shall be their monument. 

" There is a tear for all that die, 

A mourner o'er the humblest grave, 
But nations lift the funeral cry 

And freedom weeps above the brave. 

For them is sorrow's purest sigh 

O'er ocean's heaving bosom sent ; 
For them are tears in every eye ; 

All earth becomes their monument. 

A theme to crowds that knew them not, 

Lamented by admiring foes, 
Who would not choose their glorious lot, 

Who would not die the death they chose ?" 

At the conclusion of his Excellency's remarks, prayer was offered 
by Rev. Alfred Emerson, who closed the services by a benediction. 
The casket was then conveyed to the hearse, and the procession 
formed in the following order : Escorts — Fitchburg Fusiliers ; pall- 
bearers — Colonels Upton, Hawkes, Cunningham and Barker, Lieuten- 
ant Colonels Foster, Goodell and Barrett, and Major Brown — with 
the hearse, wliich was followed by the body servant of the deceased, 
leading the horse formerly used by him ; carriages containing imme- 



188 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

diate relatives, and the former officers of the 40th Massachusetts 
regiment, the Governor and staff in barouches, city] government of 
Chelsea, members of the Legislature, citizens and friends. Following 
in the rear of the hne of carriages, were the army and navy associa- 
tions, and the fire department, headed by the chief engineer. The 
procession moved directly to the cemetery, amid the tolling of the 
hells. On arriving at the entrance, the casket was^'^deposited in the 
receiving tomb, and the long line of carriages passed by between the 
tomb and the miUtary escort, who stood in the position of " parade 
rest." After the last carriage had passed, the customary salute was 
■fired, the procession returned to the Town Hall, where the escort was 
dismissed. The guests from Boston retumedan the five"o'clock train. 
They were accompanied by Hall's Comet Band, which furnished the 
music on the occasion. 



IN PRISON. 

During the war but ^ew comparatively, of our citizens were so 
unfortunate as to be held prisoners in the hands of the rebels. 
Probably the largest number at any one time, was twelve or fifteen 
of the Fifteenth Regiment captured at Ball's Bluff, October 21st, 
1861, and who were held through the winter. But this was before 
the days of extreme barbarity to prisoners, and their prison was a 
palace compared with the foul " pens" of Florence, Andersonville, 
and Belle Isle. Seven only, so far as we have" been able to learn, 
died victims to the systematic devilish treatment of the rebel 
authorities. Their names are John H. Prichard, Charles E. Good- 
rich, Wm. H. Hayden, Wm. T. Peabody, Henry K. Hill, George 
P. Getting and Cyrus Putnam. But little is known of their terri- 
ble experience after falling into the hands of these " demons" in 
human form. 

John H. Prichard, formerly of the Fifteenth, and afterwards of 
the Second Heavy Artillery, was captured at Plymouth, N. C, 
April 22d, 1864 ; he was carried to Andersonville, and remained 
there until his death, January 18th, 1865. This was liis second 
capture, as he was taken prisoner at " Ball's Bluff" when a mem- 
ber of the Fifteenth Regiment, and held seven months. Of this 
captivity he has left an interesting account which we shall insert 
in full. 

He was last seen by any of his townsmen, on the 14th of Sept. 
following his capture. At that time a squad were coming to 
Charleston to be exchanged. Prichard was one of them and 
started with the rest, but so weak had he become, that he could 



190 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLIOJf. 

not reach the outside of the stockade, and was obliged to turn 
back again to misery. His comrades thought he could not survive 
many days, but if the record is correct, he lived some four months* 
His grave is identified, and is numbered 12475, in the Anderson- 
ville cemetery. 

Charles E. Goodrich, another victim, was one of our youngest 
soldiers, having enhsted at the age of sixteen, as drummer in the 
Twenty-first Regiment. He was captured at the battle of the 
" Wilderness," May 6th, 1864, and carried to Anderson ville. He 
was one of the most robust young men in his regiment, and of 
that happy temperament which can bear great troubles and priva- 
tions, and outhve them. But what constitution could bear up under 
the treatment received in these rebel prisons ? Gradually his fair, 
round, pleasant face grew long and tliin, and his strong frame 
wasted slowly but surely to decay. On the 14th of September, 
when he was far enough gone to be thought by these fiends to 
be useless for further service, they sent him to Charleston to 
be exchanged, but through some fatality the exchange did not 
take place, and he, with others, was sent to another " prison pen," 
at Florence, S. C, where he died in the month of October. 

So perished this brave boy, — foully murdered, yes, murdered 
by slow degrees. For his friends have the sworn statement of 
an officer who was with him, that nothing caused his death but 
the slow, deliberate process of starvation. And this, only one of 
thousands. 

William T. Peabody and Henry K. Hill, also taken prisoners 
at the Wilderness, had a similar experience to that of those we have 
related. The former died at Anderson ville, September 1st, 1864, 
from sheer starvation, as we are informed by a rehable witness who 
saw him die. The number of his grave in the Cemetery in Ander- 
sonville is 7556. Hill went to Charleston with others, and from there 
to Florence, where he too, succumbed to the terrible exposure and 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 101 

privation lie had undergone. He was buried with the multitude, 
and his grave is unnoted and unknown. 

George P. Cotting was a member of Company F, Twenty-fifth 
Regiment, and was taken prisoner at the engagement at Deury's 
Bluff, May 16th, 1864. He was carried to Andersonville, and under- 
went all the horrors of that terrible imprisonment, and gradually 
wasted to a perfect wreck of a man. He, too, was thought to be a 
fittmg subject for exchange, and with others, was sent to Charleston 
and exchanged. He was brought to AnnapoHs, Md., and was too 
weak to proceed farther. He was placed in the hospital, tenderly 
cared for, his parents sent for to come to him, but he died before 
they reached him. The treatment he had undergone was too sure 
in its result, and he died after a very few days, another victim of the 
merciless cruelty of the rebels towards their captives. 

William H. Hayden enlisted in the Navy, and was aboard the 
*' Hatteras " when she was sunk by the notorious Alabama. He was 
afterwards attached to the gun-boat " Granite City," which, with the 
" Wave," it will be remembered, was captured when cruising up one 
of the bayous of Texas. He was taken prisoner with the rest of the 
crew. May 8th, 1864, and was carried to Galveston. Although but 
little has been said of the condition of the prisoners at Galveston, 
we have the best authority for saying that the systematic cruelty of 
Andersonville, Sahsbury, Florence and Belle Isle was practiced there. 
Willie soon fell a victim to scorbutic disease, brought on by the mis- 
erable quahty as well as scanty supply of rations issued to the pris- 
oners. He was placed in what they called a "hospital," but we 
have the authority of an officer of the Navy that it was but little 
better than a " slaughter pen," where the " let 'em die policy " was 
carried out to the fullest extent. Under such circumstances as these, 
suffering untold privations, surrounded by companions whose miseries 
had driven them to selfishness and despair, this noble sailor-boy died 
on the 16th of Sept., 1864, after an imprisonment of a little over 
four months. 



192 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Cyrus Putnam, the last we are called upon to mention in this 
connection, was a soldier of the Twenty-fifth Regiment. He was 
wounded and captured at the battle of " Drury's Bluflf." He was 
carried to Richmond and subjected to the miseries of rebel impris- 
onment. His privations, the sufferings he was forced to undergo, 
with the neglect of his wounds, soon carried him to his grave. 
"We know not just how long he lingered ; we only know that he 
perished there by degrees, as thousands of others had perished. 
He was a good soldier and deserved a better fate. He was buried 
at Richmond, and we do not know that his is not a " nameless 
grave." 

Such is the brief, sad history of these " our martyrs." It is 
impossible for us properly to depict to ourselves the terrible suffer- 
ings of their incarceration. Oh, the long, dark, weary days, weeks 
and months of their captivity ! Oh, the visions of homes and friends 
and comfort and plenty ! Oh, the longing and the waiting, and 
the watching for that deliverance which they had prayed for until 
hope deferred had made the heart indeed sick, and they Avere 
almost ready to believe that they were really forsaken by God 
Himself. 

The horrors of the prison pens of Salisbury, of Andersonville 
and Florence, have never been, can never be half told. Miss Clara 
Barton, who was known in the Army of the Potomac, as the 
" angel of the battle-field," and whose name is a " household word" 
in many a soldier's home, visited Andersonville soon after the close 
of the war, and to her are the friends of the soldiers buried there 
indebted for causing their graves to be identified, and properly 
marked. In her report of the expedition, addressed to the people 
of the United States, she says: 

"Bat a*ter tiilri, wlieaovor any unm wlio luis lain a prisoner witbin the 
stockade of Andersonville, would tell you of his sufferings, how he fainted, 
scorched, drenched, hungered, sickened ; was scoffed, scourged, hunted and 
persecuted, though tlie tale be long, and twice-told, as you would have your 



FITCIIBUllG IN THE REBELLION. 193 

own wrongs appreciated, your own woes pitied, your own cries for mercy 
heard, I charge you, listen and believe him. However definitely lie may 
have spoken, know that he has not told you all. However strongly he may 
have outlined, or deeply he may have colored his picture, know that the 
reality calls for a better light, and a nearer view than your clouded, distant 
gaze will ever get. And your sympathies need not be confined to Ander- 
sonville while similar horrors glared in the sunny light, and spotted the flower- 
girt garden fields of that whole desperate, misguided, and bewildered people. 
Wherever stretched the form of a Union prisoner, there rose the signal 
for cruelty and the cry of agony, and there, day by day, grew the skeleton 
graves of the "nameless dead." 

Would that we might draw the curtain and forever hide the pic- 
ture, even for the sake of our common humanity. But no — forget 
these scenes we cannot, though possibly there may be enough of 
christian forbearance in our natures to forgive the wicked perpetra- 
tors of their atrocities. How many thousands of brave young men, 
were thus cruelly murdered. Dreadful to think of, this long, hnger- 
ing death by starvation. Easy is it for the true soldier to face death 
upon the field of battle, to charge up to the very cannon's mouth, to 
do and dare everything for the righteous cause, but to languish and 
die, as these, our own brave fellow citizens died, victims of a barbar- 
ity that savages would scorn to practice, this is indeed terrible. Oh, 
martyred ones ; though yours was not the death of those who fell 
fighthig m the van, yet it is none the less honorable than theirs. As 
your trials and sufferings were great, so shall your memories be 
precious, and a grateful people shall ever hold your names in fond 
remembrance. 

The foUowing account of prison life at Andersonville, is furnished, 
at our request, by Dr. A. K. Gould, of this town, who was for several 
months a prisoner there : 

RECOLLECTIONS OF ANDERSONVILLE. 

•• Well do I remember when I first arrived in sight of this terrible place, 
on the 29th day of May, 1864, and of my first interview witli the rebel 
ofiicer in charge of it, Capt. Henry Wirtz, a most savage looking man, and 
who was as brutal as his looks would seem to indicate. He offered us all 
the abuse lie was capable of, and then marched us into prison. It was no 
25 



IQ^ FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

uncommon thing for this brute to strip the prisoners of their clothing, and 
everything of vake about them, before sending them inside the stockade. 
The stockade in which we were conflned, was made by setting logs upright in 
the ground, as closely as they could be driven, standing above the ground 
about fourteen feet, and enclosing about nineteen acres of land, about half 
as wide as it was long. Running through or across this lot, was a brook 
about four feet wide, and generally, two or three inches in depth, thus 
giving us water to use, but of the filthiest character, on account of there 
bein-T just above us, a camp of three thousand rebels, and as many more 
negroes, (serving as guard over us) all of whose filth and refuse was emp- 
tied into the brook and swept down to us. In addition to this, the land on 
either side of the brook, to the extent of six acres, was a complete swamp. 
A portion of this was used by the thirty thousand prisoners, more or less 
for " sink " purposes, and its effect upon the water, can better be unagmed 
than described. 

When I entered the prison. May 29th, the number of prisoners was about 
nine thousand, which was gradually increased to thirty-two thousand, in the 
fore part of July. Their condition was enough to make one sick, on first 
entering the place, but it was nothing in comparison with what I experienced 
afterwards. To see my fellow men suffering for the want of food and clothmg 
as I did ; to see them stretching out their bony hands for the merest morsel 
to eat ; to hear their piteous inquiries, " shall we ever go home ;" to see how 
they died, poor fellows, wasting away, little by Httle, exposed to the scorch- 
ing rays of a Georgia sun ; this was enough to break the hardest heart. 

It may be interesting to know how we lived. We dug holes or burrows, 
in the ground, thus forming a little shelter for us. Once a day we had 
brouo-ht in to us our rations, which consisted of one-half pint of cob corn 
meal? coarsely ground, or its eciuivalent of beans or rice, or sometimes bacon, 
and all of these of the poorest quality. One of the most dreaded things in 
this dreadful place was the " dead line." This was a furrow turned up 
about twenty feet from the stockade all around, and was called the " dead 
line," and if a man dared to step over this line, or cross it by mistake, 
he was at once shot by the guard, without a word being said. It was sick- 
ening to see the dead as they lay in prison. It was the custom to carry 
them out every morning, the prisoners being hh-ed to do this, their pay bemg 
an extra ration and a chance to bring in an armful of wood when they 
returned; and these inducements were so great, that soniethnes one squad 
would steal a dead body from another, in order to get a chance to go ou to 
get wood and more to eat. Others were detailed for that purpose, and they 
also .ot extra rations, and when the guard came for any such purpose, how 
eager the men were to get a chance to go, and how savagely they were 
treated when refused. So many of these barbarities crowd themselves upon 
my mind, that I hardly know where to stop. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 195 

Some of tlic prisoners thought they might escape if they got out, but the 
bloodhounds were too much for them. A pack was kept for the purpose of 
hunting all such, and very savage they were too, so that few escaped them 
who ever tried. I found in the prison several men from Fitchburg, and 
vicinity. Wm. T. Peabody, was captured with me, and remained with me 
until he died, Sept. 1st, 18(54, poor fellow, literally starved to death, no dis- 
ease about him, but reduced to a living skeleton, as was the case with thou- 
sands there. Also John H. Prichard, Geo. E. McMastcr, who died after I 
was released. Also H. K. Hill, Charley Goodrich, and David Wallace, 
who all died at Florence, S. C, after my release. These men were all in 
my mess, or in the same " one thousand." There was also there, Mr. Geo. 
Phillips, who was released and came home. 

There are many incidents which might be of interest, had I time or space 
to write them. There was one scene I shall always remember, and that was 
the hanging of sis of our comrades. Their crime was raiding upon and 
murder of their fellow prisoners. Their plan was to fall upon any of us 
they thought they could plunder from. They would steal clothing or any- 
thing else, which they could bargain to the " Rebs." The rebel authorities 
allowed the prisoners to try them and hang them, glad even to have some of 
us killed off in that manner. 

Another feature of this place was the damnable " stocks." I never suffered 
in them, but have often seen my fellows tortured by them. The pain was 
excruciating in the extreme. The men were put into a hellish machine that 
would stretch them all their muscles and cords would bear, and with their 
faces turned up to the scorching sun, they were left from twenty-four to forty- 
eight hours. This was the most barbarous act of all, and this to men already 
completely emaciated by sickness. I have seen men taken from the "stocks" 
only to expire in a few minutes. All this was done by authority of the officers 
in charge. All I have to say is, let just retribution be their reward. There 
were many other wicked cruelties practiced upon the prisoners, but I have 
not time to dwell upon them. We were taken from this place to the city of 
Charleston, September 14th, where we were kept under fire of our batteries 
for three weeks, but fored much better than elsewhere, being fed and cared 
for by the " Sisters of Charity." From there we were taken to another most 
damnable prison pen — a second Andersonville, called Florence. 

Here the same usages, the same fare and treatment were dealt out to us, 

but there was one new phase presented to us, and that was, the compulsory 

movement to make our men enlist into their service. This was done by extra 

starvation, in some cases depriving us of food for three days at a time. 

Who can say that the leaders and instigators of these outrages should not 
be punished? 

I was finally released December 15th, having been in prison seven months 
and two days. 

(Signed) A. K. GOULD. 



lOo FITCHBURQ IX THE REBELLION. 

The following interesting account of prison life is from tlie pen 
of John II. Prichard, who was twice a prisoner, and who died a victim 
to the barbarities of Andersonville. It was written soon after his 
release from Salisbury, but we think it has never been published : 

LIFE IN THE SOUTH. 

BY A I'KISONEE. 

At the close of the battle of Ball's Bluff, those who were captured by the 
euemy were taken to Lecsburg, Va. Those who were able to travel, were 
marched immediately to Manassas. As the writer was totally blind from the 
passage of a ball beneath his eyes while lying upon the ground to avoid tlie 
enemy's bullets, he was obliged to be led by his companions to Leesburg, 
about one and a half miles from the field of battle. He remained at Leesburg 
ill the hospital, while his comrades continued their compulsory march through 
mud and rain, to Manassas Junction. At the hospital a good supper was 
served of coifee, bread, butter and meat. The wounded were cared for in 
the kindest manner until the next day, when such as were able, also proceeded 
to Manassas in company with those prisoners who were taken after 9 o'clock 
of the day preceding, amounting in number to some hundred and seventy-five. 
As I had then recovered the use of my eyes, I constituted one of the number. 
Starting late, on the first day we made about twelve miles, to Goose Creek, 
where we encamped in a covered bridge for the night. A small allowance 
of corn bread and boiled bacon was served out to the prisoners, and to most 
of us it was a sweet morsel, as we had had nothing since the commencement 
of the figlit, saving those who were taken the day previous, like myself. In 
the morning tlie march was resumed at an early hour, and continued until 
we reached Manassas Junction, where we passed by files, through the head 
quarters of Greneral Beauregard, while the clerks registered our names, and 
regiments. Here we were obliged to wait for over an hour at the door, 
and at the close of the registration, were chilled through, as well as tired, 
lame, sore and hungry. We were then marched to the guard-house, which 
was at that time occupied by the turbulent and rebellious ones of their own 
forces, confined for their misdemeanors. As a previous lot of the prisoners 
had, as they said, robbed them of their blankets, dishes, &c., they, (the 
rebels in the guard-house,) would not permit us to enter the sheds there 
erected, but forced us to remain in the yard. Here the mud was from a 
quarter to half an inch in depth, owing to the heavy rains. However, we had 
tliree or four fires built, and lying down on the wet ground, with our feet to 
the fire, we alternately roasted and shivered the whole of the bitter night. 
About an hour after our transfer to the guard-house, a loaf of bread was 



riTCHBURG IN THE KEBELLION. 197 

served to eaeli man, and several sides of raw bacon were brought in, wbieh, 
at our option, we devoured raw, or smoked and burnt over the fire. The 
bicky ones who managed to get a shoe, did so by struggUng and fighting for 
it, as it was each man for himself, and many were so tired and sleepy they 
could not, or would not, even make an effort for themselves ; some had it, 
but many went without. After a most uncomfortalile night, during which 
few slept for the cold, we were marched to the depot without any breakfast, 
the food served the previous night being calculated for both supper and 
breakfast for us. There we were put aboard cars, some passenger, some 
cattle, and started for Richmond. At various stations where the cars stopped 
on the road, among which were Gordonsville and Orange Court House, the 
cars were surrounded by negro women selling cake, fruit, pies, and other 
refreshments, at exorbitant prices, to those who had money to purchase. 
Some of them were quite intelligent, and appeared to be house servants to 
the various white families. 

At every station were crowds of ladies and gentlemen, full of curiosity to 
see the " Yankees." Most of them were civil, and seemed to feel that though 
by the fortune of war, we were piisoners, that we were yet men ; others 
jeered at, hooted, and taunted us with our misfortunes. The most frequent 
questions afked were " What did you come down here for?" " Come down 
to steal our niggers, ravish our wives and daiighters, and burn our houses, 
didn't ye?" " Think ye can whip us, hey"? didn't do it, did ye, hey?" 
Some few seemed to pity our misfortunes, and hoped we should be treated 
well and kindly, others were fierce for hanging and shooting us. 

Upon arriving in Richmond, we were marched under a strong guard to 
the tobacco factories, or warehouses, which were to be our home for the 
remainder of our stay in Richmond. During our passage from the cars to 
the prison, the streets were crowded to their utmost capacity, by the curious 
inliabitants, who for the major part were very abusive, and scandalous in the 
abuse and epithets applied to the d — d yankees, as their favorite term was 
for us. In fact, had it not been for the guard, we should probably have 
been sacrificed to the popular hatred. After arriving at tlie prisons, we 
were placed in the third story, as the lower stories were occupied by prison- 
ers taken at Manassas, and citizens ai'rested for loyalty to the Union, in 
Western Virginia. No communication between the several floors, was 
allowed, although we had to pass through them to get to the yard. Only 
two at a time were allowed to pass to the yard from each floor, and in the 
morning, a line of forty or fifty, would be formed on the lower floor, await- 
ing their turn to go to the liydraut to wash. It was worse than a barber's 
shop or a California post ofiiee. After several weeks had elapsed. General 
Winder removed these restrictions, and we were allowed freely tlie use of 
the small yai'd. We were formed into squads of about fifteen, under a cof' 



IDS PiTCHBtJRG IN THE REBELLION. 

poral or sergeant, elected by vote among ourselves, and who received and 
divided among us, our daily rations, consisting for the most part, of boiled 
fresh beef and bread, in the morning, with the addition of beef broth at 
night. Only two meals per day were allowed. Breakfast about nine, A. 
M., and supper about five, P. M. A few potatoes and some rice and cab- 
bage, were served occasionally. Worms in the rice, and beef whose "offence 
was rank and smelt to Heaven," were among the common incidents of our 
living. We were not allowed to approach the windows, under penalty of 
being shot by the guard Seven men were shot dead, in the various Rich- 
mond prisons, and several wounded, for this criminal offence. The room 
which I was in was fired into twice, but fortunately no one was injured. 
We slept on the bare floor for six weeks of the coldest part of the season, 
with no covering but our clothes, which we happened to have on at the time 
of our capture. The f\icilities for keeping clean, being entirely inadequate, 
and we having no change of clothing, all were soon covered with vermin, 
which abounded in the prison. Toward the latter part of our stay in Rich- 
mond, the members of Co. B, from this town, received a large box of cloth- 
ing, blankets, etc., from the good people of Fitchburg, and a more accepta- 
ble present was never sent to men. The tear of gratitude rolled down more 
than one of their sunburnt manly faces, as they thought of those who had so 
kindly remembered them in their captivity, and three cheers for old Fitch- 
burg, were given with a will. Soon after, abundance of clothing was sent 
us by our noble old " Bay State," and we were proud that we came from 
old Massachusetts. 

On the 2'2d of December, an order was is.sued from the S. C. War Dept., 
to transfer the prisoners taken at Bull's Run, and Manassas, and the citizens 
under arrest, to Salisbury, N. C. After they had transferred the above, 
there was accommodations for about one hundred and seoenty-five more men 
at Salisbury, and tliere being nearly that number on the floor where I was 
confined, we were sent on the 24th of Dec, to fill up the desired com- 
plement. Of the Fitchburg company, there were but three members able 
to go, out of four in that room. Geo. S. Gilchrist, Maynard, of Winchen- 
don, and myself J. L. Moody, being very sick, was left behind. We 
bade farewell to our comrades, and took the cars under guard of a company 
of Georgia soldiers, on return to their State. At Petersburg, we changed 
cars for Raleigh, where we arrived on Christmas morning, this day being a 
holiday, and the special train not running, we remained at Raleigh until the 
next day. The officer in charge of us, Lieut. Col. Winder, son of Gen. J. 
H. Winder, was one of the very few educated, refined, kindly-hearted and 
gentlemanly men we had to deal with while in the South. He was the best 
sample of the chivalric honorable Southerner, and almost the only one we 
luet. He showed us every courtesy and kindness which laid in his power, 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 199 

and has been severely reprimanded fur his leniency to the prisoner.s wlio ha\e 
been under his charge at various times. At Kaleigh, he gave us full liberty 
to Walk about wherever we pleased, without restraint, previously running the 
cars back from the city about a mile, to avoid a crowd, and the soldiers who 
were encamped there, lest from conversation on political subjects, difficulties 
might arise. We enjoyed more liberty that day than any other one during 
our imprisonment. In the evening, we returned to the city, and several of 
us obtained permission of the Col. to go up town, accompanied by a guard. 

The city is composed mostly of wooden bu.ildings, and bears the marks of 
antiquity. The people were very civil, on the whole, and we re'fceived none 
of the insults offered us at Richmond. Early the next morning we started 
for Salisbury, where, after a long and tiresome ride, we arrived at about 
seven, P. M. We were received by a deputation of the guard, and marched 
to the garrison, an enclosure of about thuteen acres, containing a large cot- 
ton factory, and other buildings fitted up as a prison. There were about 
one hundred prisoners already in confinement there, taken in the early part 
of the war, from the steamship Union, wrecked on Bogue Island, and from 
three or four prizes taken by the enemy's privateers. These, our fellow 
prisoners, furnished us with some supper, and gave us a welcome. There 
were no facilities for cooking the food for so many, and it was nearly mid- 
night before we were all served. The next day, and in fact for several davs, 
we were obliged to cook rations for two hundred men, in a common cooking 
range, with not nearly enough boilers or other utensils. After a fev/ days, 
a second cooking range was procured, and we got along better, but even 
then we had to cook day and night. 

After enduring this as long as possible, our nund)ers augmenting every 
day, by the accession of prisoners, we took hold ourselves, and built ovens, 
and set nine large kettles, of twenty or thirty gallons each, so that we could 
have raised bread, and save much labor, we having had nothing but biscuit, 
resembling a solid compound of putty and lead, previously. The kitchen 
was built on at the back of the factory, and connected with the various floors 
by a dumb waiter. The building was of four stories, we occupyino' the 
third, until the prisoners sent to New Orleans and Tuscaloosa returned on 
their way home as far as Salisbury, when we were transferred to the fourth 
story, which was much the pleasantest and healthiest. We were very closely 
confined from the first, and not until the surgeons had repeatedly represented 
to the authorities that we should all die of scurvy, and other diseases, if not 
allowed more exercise and air, were we allowed to remain in the yard over 
five minutes at a time. We did finally obtain from these representations, the 
use of about five or six acres of ground, including a grove of huge oak trees, 
for a play ground. After a few weeks, fresh provisions gave out, and all 
the meat issued was the rank, oily, smoked bacon, and the soup from the 



200 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

same, thickened with rice or corn meal, this being made our unvarying food, 
and having but one way of cooking, viz : boiling, nearly every one of our 
number were made sick with jaundice and scurvy. 

The hospital arrangements were totally insufficient — from twenty to thirty 
men with various complaints, placed in a room 16 by 20, many without beds, 
lying on the floor on a single blanket — if it had not been for the constant 
care of our own comrades, many would have died from sheer neglect and 
exposure. One man in particular, deserves honorable and grateful mention 
for his unremitting care and attention to his sick comrades in arms. His 
name is Cornelius Lowe, of Whitehouse, Huntingdon Co., New Jersey. 
When it came his turn to leave for home on parole, he said he could not go 
and leave his sick comrades, and staid till all were safely on their route home, 
and then attended them as kindly as a woman, till they were received into 
the U. S. hospitals at Newbern and New York. 

He will ever hold a place in the hearts of his grateful fellow prisoners as a 
a man, a true, noble hearted and unselfish man, well worthy of all the honor, 
respect and love he so well deserves. After a time, however, a new hospital 
building was built , accommodating about one hundred fifty to two hundred 
patients, and this was full, nearly all the time during the latter part of our 
stay. The major part of our sickness was caused from the food, and having 
no vegetables whatever for months ; sour bread and bacon continually, with- 
out change. Scurvy, jaundice, erysipelas, fever and rheumatism were the 
more common complaints. Out of fifteen hundred men there were not fifty 
but what had the scurvy, more or less ; some were unable to walk without 
crutches. The medicines used in the hospitals were very few except mineral 
and vegetable poisons, as calomel, opium, ipecac, &c. ; a little salts (Epsom,) 
quinine, rhubarb, spirits nitre, turpentine, sulphur and cream of tartar, com- 
prising about everything, and most of these being gone before our release, 
and no means of replenishing. The Confederate Surgeon was a well meaning 
man, but rather ignorant and conceited, in fact, we had to do our own 
doctoring, as a general thing, according to our oAvn judgment. Our mortality 
at Salisbury was about one-fifth that of the secesh who guarded us — out of 
fifteen hundred prisoners, on an average of three months, nine died ; out of 
five hundred guards, average of three months, seventeen died, showing con- 
clusively, that in spite of confinement, bad food, and want of fresh air and 
exercise, " Yankees" can stand the climate and hardships of the South better 
than the Southerners themselves. 

The guards themselves, were the most ignorant, degraded, dirty looking 
lot of men I ever saw. Not one in ten could read or write. Even some 
of the officers, who belong to the better class, were nearly as ignorant as the 
*' poor whites " who compose the rank and file. Out of sixty-three men 
from Salisbury and vicinity; taken at Koanoke r>-land, wlien called up to sign 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 201 

a parole, fifty-four had to make tlicir mark, could neitlier read nor write. 
Some of the officers treated us as kindly as could be expected, others were 
surly, cross and disagreeable, insulting us in every way possiljle, and loading 
us with opprobrious and scurrilous epithets. During our captivity in Rich- 
mond, we had the city papers freely, if we chose to purchase them, this 
however, was before the reverses of the confederate arms at Roanoke, New- 
bern, &c. When removed to Salisbury, no papers were allowed in the gar- 
rison, and all we obtained there were smuggled in, nevertheless we managed 
to keep informed as to the general movements of both armies. Reading 
matter of any kind was very scarce. A Mrs. Johnson, a New England 
lady, sent in quite a number of books to the prisoners. One of our number 
received a couple of dozen of Harper' s novels, which were read as long as 
anything of them was legible. We whiled away the hours in making pins, 
rings, tape and crotchet needles, penholders, badges, &c., out of the beef 
bones we could obtain from the kitchen, wooden pipes, &c., playing cards, 
dominoes, chess, checkers, backgammon, &c., all the implements but the 
cards, being the work of our hands ; writing to our friends, composition, &c. 
We were only allowed to write one half page of letter paper, and that was 
of course read before being sent to our friends north. 

The weary months dragged on, and finally an order came for our release, 
and we were sent off in squads of two or three hundred at a time, in alpha- 
betical order, by way of Raleigh and Goldsboro', to Tarboro', on the Tar 
river. There we staid a day or two, quartering in the Courthouse, a fine 
looking building of brick, in form of a Maltese cross. The village was one 
of the pleasantest we passed through, during our journeyings in the South- 
ern States, the streets being wide, and fined with shade trees of different 
kinds, and the houses neat and in good repair. From here we proceeded 
down the Tar river, in flat boats, towed by a little tug boat, the Col. Hill, to 
Washington, N. C, where we were received by Gen. Burnside. When the 
prisoners saw the old United States flag, three rousing cheers burst forth, 
and the happiest day of our lives was when we stepped on board the U. S. 
toat, and felt that we were free. Gen. Burnside shook hands with each of 
us, and welcomed us back, and the cheer after cheer, from the boys on the 
shore, rang out on the air, welcoming us back to life and liberty. From 
Washington we went by boat to Newbern, where we remained until all the 
prisoners arrived, when we left for Hatteras Inlet, and there taking an ocean 
steamer, we came to Governor's Island, N. Y. The first two lots of prison- 
ers dispersed to their several homes, without waiting for pay or ration money, 
the remainder staid for two or three weeks at Governor's Island, until paid 
off. I myself, being too weak to stand the voyage to New York, stayed at 
Newbern, with the members of the Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth regiments, 
uutil I had regained my strength in a degree, before coming on, and I owe 
20 



202 riTCHBURa in the rebellion. 

my thanks to the officers and members of Co. D, Twenty-first, and Co. F, 
Twenty-fifth, for their' kindness to me while at Newbern, also to the Quar- 
termaster and Colonel of the Twenty-fifth, and their assistants, for the many 
favors received. 

Thus ends a very hasty and imperfect sketch of the experiences of prison 
life in the South. It is brief, and does not enter into detail as much as 
might be desirable for the purpose intended. The imprisonment commenced 
Oct. 22d, 1861, and all were released May 31st, 1862. 

May none of the readers of this hasty sketch ever be obUged to experi- 
ence the misfortune of confinement in a Southern prison, is the last wish of 

A. PRISONER. 



RECEPTION OF REGIMENTS. 

Public receptions were given to two of our regiments only, by 
the people of Fitcliburg, the Fifteenth and Fifty-third, full accounts 
of which are given here, and for which we are indebted to tho 
Fitchhurg Reveille. 

Other receptions would doubtless have been as heartily extended 
to the returning veterans, but for the reason that no other regi- 
ments or companies arrived in town under any organization, as 
they were generally mustered out at remote points, and scattered 
to their homes. Our citizens would have been glad to extend 
to all of our soldiers as hearty a greeting as was given the two 
organizations referred to. 

RECEPTION OF THE FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 

The reception, at Fitcliburg, Monday, Aug. 24th, 1863, of this noble 
regiment, on its return from an arduous and successful campaign, was 
an affair so characteristic of the high spirited, patriotic and apprecia- 
tive people of Worcester North, and so indicative of the love and 
esteem in which the brave men of the Fifty-Third are held by their 
fellow citizens, that it will not soon be forgotten by those who had the 
privilege to witness or take a part in it. It is estunated that upwards 
of eight thousand people were present from other towns represented 
in the regiment. These towns were Barre, Petersham, Athol, Roy- 
alston, "Winchendon, Templeton, Gardner, Ashbumham, Westminster, 
Lunenburg, Leominster, Lancaster, Sterhng, Clinton, Groton, Shirley, 
To-svnsend, Peppercll, and Ashby. During the whole day, from an 
early hour in the morning. Main street was thronged by the vast 
multitude. 



204 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Many of tlie public buildings, stores and dwellings were ele- 
gantly decorated, most of them by Mr. Yale, of Boston. Among 
these wore the Fitchburg Hotel and American House, the Fitchburg 
Depot, the stores of L. Sprague & Co., J. J. Harden, D. Jennison, 
L. W. Warren, the Reveille office, the office of C. H. B. Snow, the 
dwellings of Alvah Crocker, E. T. Miles, Mrs. Willis, Amasa Nor- 
cross, W. W. Comee, H. J. Lowe, C. E, Pratt, and others. 

The music was furnished by the Germania, Brigade, and Gilmore 
Bands, of Boston, the Ashburnham, Winchendon, To^vnsend, and 
Pepperell Bands, and the Fitchburg Cadet Drum Corps, of some 
twenty lads, whose performances were very creditable to them and 
their instructor, Mr. E. H. Frost. 

Col. Edwin Upton acted as Chief Marshal, assisted by his aids, 
Wm. Kimball, Francis Butti-ick, Jr., W. W. Comee, Joseph Tufts, C. 
L. S. Hammond of Fitchburg, and Col. Henry Smith, of Templeton. 

Dr. Alfred Hitchcock and Messrs. Hale W. Page and James 
P. Putnam had been appointed to receive and provide for the 
sick, and under their direction, the Lower Town Hall was fitted up 
with comfortable beds, washing apparatus, and other conveniences, 
and the attendants engaged from among the ladies. 

It had been at first arranged that the regiment should go to 
Camp Stevens to be furloughed, but on representation being made 
to Quartermaster McKimm, of the proposed reception, the order 
was changed, and Hon. Alvah Crocker was chosen by the com- 
mittee of arrangements to meet the regiment at Albany or Buffalo, 
and inform them of what had been done. 

The regiment reached South Fitchburg between six and seven 
o'clock Monday morning, where they stopped two or three hours 
to bathe and wash, and partake of hot coffee and a hastily prepared 
breakfast. Li the meantime, the sick belonging to Fitchburg, were 
taken home by their friends, and those from the towns above 
Fitchburg, were conveyed to the Town Hall, where "wine, broth, 
and such other refreshments as they needed, were administered by 
Dr. Hitchcock and Messrs. Page and Putnam, and the ladies in 



PITCHBUIIG IN THE REBELLION. 205 

attendance. There were twenty-four taken care of here. The 
same attention was received by some twelve men who remained 
in the cars, until they could leave for Clinton, Lancaster, and 
other places below. The whole number of sick with the regiment 
was about fifty. 

The regiment was received on the Common near the depot, at 
about half past nine, where, after prayer by Rev. J. M. Heard, 
the following address of welcome was dehvered by Amasa 
Norcross, Esq. : 

Col. Kimhall, Officers and Soldiers of the Fifty- Third Regiment : 

Welcome ! Welcome to the State you have honored — Welcome to familiar 
scenes — to home and friends. 

It is with a new experience I give you greeting in behalf of this vast 
assemblage. It has not happened to us ever before to greet friends under 
similar circumstances. To-day the heart fills with new emotions. Words of 
mine are indeed inexpressive utterances, when they attempt to measure the 
depth of that out-gushing sympathy, mingled with patriotic pride and affec- 
tion, which the hearts of all who have awaited your coming, now fully 
experience. 

You return to us after a lapse of nearly twelve months. A period, on 
the part of those who surround you, of thoughtful solicitude, characterized 
by intervals of intense anxiety, yet of earnest hope. You come, the worthy 
recipients of that honor which manly courage, faithful performance of duty, 
heroic endurance, and success in arms in a just and noble cause, may rio-ht- 
fully bestow. 

We recur to the time when impending danger summoned you to the field. 
When voluntarily you sundered the ties that bound you to the active pursuits 
of peaceful civil life and impelled only by a sense of duty, left all for the 
service of your country. 

When your ranks were filled, and we witnessed your bearing in camp, we 
then believed that the future had in store for you no holiday experience. 
The determined character of the men composing this Ptcgimeut, was enough 
to satisfy citizens who remained at home, that yours would be a field of active 
service. And when with unanimous voice you welcomed as your leader and 
commander, one who took bis early baptism in this great struggle against 
treason at the ever memorable Ball's Bluff, and who fearlessly stood in the 
thickest of the fight through the weary days of the campaign of the Penin- 
sula, who was commended for his gallant bravery at the battle of Fair Oaks, 



20G PITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

and tlirough tlic desperate conflicts of South Mountain, and Antietam — wc 
knew it signified that such a commander but realized your conceptions of 
what should be expected of Massachusetts men. 

Soon after bidding adieu to home and its attractions, you encountered 
sufferings not soon to be forgotten. Thrown upon Long Island, tentless and 
shelterless, you passed a season so inclement that, chilled and frozen, some 
of you were for a time disabled. Your position changed for quarters in the 
city of New York. Before entering upon your destined voyage, there came 
sickness, which seemed to threaten prolonged delay. But the part you were 
to take in this great contest was not then to be determined. Convalescence 
ensued, the sick recovered, and it now seems as if these early privations and 
sufferings were designed but to prepare you for more trying experiences. 

Embarking for your place of destination, you accomplished a passage of 
more than seventeen hundred miles, at times tempestuous, duiing which sick- 
ness and peril at sea were added to the sufferings already endured upon land. 

Such were the experiences, such the unaccustomed privations you were 
called to endure before entering upon the brilliant campaign through which 
you have since passed. From the houi' of your arrival at New Orleans until 
the expiration of your term of enhstment, few regiments, if any, had seen 
severer service, and none have more fully earned the gratitude of their 
country. 

Time would fail me to recount in detail, the hardships encountered. 
The sanguinary contests with a vigilant enemy ; the subjugation of an exten- 
sive territory where now the flag of freedom floats securely ; your long and 
weary marches, traversing a distance of more than six hundred miles ; the 
FufFering and exposure on the march ; the effect of an unaccustomed pesti- 
lential climate, sapping at the foundation of many a strong constitution, all 
these form but a part of the material of a history yet to be written, of that 
eventful campaign. 

Yet, passing through all this, there still remained unaccomplished, the 
crowning work of your gallant army — the reduction of Port Hudson — the 
opening of that vast river which gave to loyalty unobstructed possession 
thereof, from the Falls of St. Anthony to the Gulf. 

This event, occurring only after terrific assaults, in which it was reserved 
to the Fifty-third regiment to take so distinguished a part, must forever stand 
out in the clear light of history, as one of the most important achievements 
of the loyal armies. 

And, while we gladly recognize this glorious success, we are not unmindful 
of the cost, or the means employed for its accomplishment. Shoulder to 
shoulder stood the sons of New England and the brave men of the West, 
and while the maintenance of a common flag, and the support of a common 
government was the chief concern of all who fought, and all who fell in 



FITCHBURG IN TflE REBELLION. 207 

the struggle before Port Hudson, I cannot doubt tbat our countrymen of the 
West will ever remember that the best blood of New England was slied to 
open up to them more immediately, an undisputed communication between 
their vast possessions and the Gulf. 

Hereafter, if the enemy of his country shall dare suggest the possibility of 
separation between New England and the West, let him know that hi? words 
are vain, for at Port Hudson and Vicksburg a bond of Eternal Union between 
the East and West, was sealed with the commingled blood of the sons of each. 
That bond of unity thus cemented in blood, cannot be broken as long as 
the banks of the Mississippi shall be hallowed by the memory of New 
England's heroic dead. 

But there remains one subject which presses with sorrowful weight upon 
many hearts, and extends its shadow over us all. All have not returned. 
Your ranks are thinned ; by sickness and wounds many are prevented from 
participating in the joys of this occasion. The faces of some we shall see no 
moro on earth — they have fallen. They have placed upon the altar of their 
country the richest gift that loyal devotion can offer. They have sacrificed 
their lives in defence of her integrity and her honor, for the perpetuation of 
Republican Liberty, and for the cause of humanity among the nations every- 
where. Enshrined in our hearts, and among our most sacred memories, shall 
incidents of the lives of each find a place. 

I would not trust myself to make personal allusion to each of your fallen 
comrades, their memory requires no words to invoke a common gratitude — 

" High on the world's heroic list, 

Shall every name be seen ; 
And time among the cherished dead 

Shall keep their memories green. 

The patriot's heart shall warmer glow, 

Wlien standing by their grave ; 
And dearer still shall be the flag 

They welcomed death to save." 

Thus shall it be — and to you who remain, permit me to say, that the con- 
sciousness of important duty well performed ; the preservation of a govern- 
ment better than any other ; the gratitude of a great people, ai-e among the 
compensations that await those who have braved the dangers of the battle- 
field in defence of that priceless inheritance it was the aim, but not within the 
power of treason to wrest from our hands. 

But I will not add another word to prolong the interval that separates you 
from the tender rccoo;nition of waiting friends. 



208 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLIOBT. 

Col. Kimball responded witli an earnest expression of tlie tlianks 
of the regiment for the cordial reception tliey had met, and gave an 
extremelj interesting statement of the experience of the regiment 
during its campaign. A procession was then formed on Smnmer 
Street, and marched through Main Street, to the Common in front of 
the Unitarian Church, where a bountiful repast had been provided for 
the regiment, by the ladies of Fitchburg. 

The procession was led by a cavalcade of eighty-three men, from 
Leominster, under the command of Capt. Leonard Woods, followed 
by the various delegations, fire companies and military, consisting of a 
fine company in uniform, from Ashburnham, commanded by Capt. 
Asa Wheeler, and accompanied by the Ashburnham Band ; the 
Washington Guards, Capt. Lawrence, and the Fitchburg Fusiliers, 
Capt. Day, of Fitchburg, two fire companies from Templeton, one 
fire company from Pepperell, four fire companies from Fitchburg, and 
dalegations from Townsend, Winchendon, Leominster, Ashby, and 
Lunenburg. 

Several banners were in the procession, among wliich was one with 
the following mottos, borne by the delegation from Leominster : 
" Leominster honors her brave soldiers. Victors of Bisland and Port 
Hudson." The following was borne by the delegation from Win- 
chendon : " Welcome home ! The memory of the fallen, the hero- 
ism of the living, alike sacred to us." 

After the collation on the common, the regiment was escorted to 
the depot, where the different companies composing it departed in 
various directions, to their homes, pleased, we trust, with the efforts 
made by the people of Fitchburg and vicinity to show how much 
they honor all of its brave members, and rejoice in their return, and 
how deeply they sympathize with their neighbors who mourn over 
the fallen, called as they are, almost every day, to Aveep ancAV over 
the remains of their own sons, who come home still and cold in the 
narrow house, or reach their hearthstones only to die there. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 209 

RECEPTION OF THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

(l^UOM THE RE^n':iLLE OF JULY 23d, 18G4. 

The remnant of this gallant regiment, Avith the exception of eighty- 
two who are prisoners, arrived in Worcester, Thursday afternoon, 
July 21st, and were formally received there the next day. A large 
number gathered to join in a cordial welcome to these brave men. 
Gov. Andrew and staff, with the Boston Cadets, and the Fitchburg 
Fusiliers, Capt. E. T. Miles, with the Ashburnham Band, were 
present. The Spy states that a procession was formed, and marched 
down Main street to Lincoln square, and countermarched to the com- 
mon, where the arrangements for speaking were provided, near the 
Bigelow monument. The whole route of the procession was thronged 
with spectators, and the stores and public buildings were profusely 
decorated with flags and streamers of red, white and blue, the whole 
forming a brilhant and exciting spectacle. The returning veterans 
were greeted with cheers throughout the line of march, and the 
spontaneous tribute of the people's gratitude and praise was all that 
could be desired. 

On arriving at the speaker's stand, the regiment and escort were 
ranged in front of the stand, and the veterans were welcomed back 
from the fields of war by an eloquent and appropriate speech by his 
Honor, Mayor Lincoln, who was followed by Gov. Andrew, who 
addressed the regiment with his usual earnestness and enthusiasm. 
Major Hooper responded for the regiment to the words of welcome 
spoken by the representatives of the city and State, and in behalf of 
the officers and men of the regiment tendered their thanks for the 
reception. 

At the close of the entertainment at Worcester, the Fitchburg 
Fusiliers took under their especial charge the remnant of Co. B, and 
proceeded in the cars for Fitchburg. We give the names of the 
returned heroes, Lieut. Beaudrey, of Winchendon, in command. 

Fitchburg Soldiers. — F. A. Brown, H. L. Sheldon, W. F. 
Griswold, G. H. Cunningham, G. A. Harwood, D. R. Pierce, H. D. 
27 



210 riTCHBURa in the rebellion. 

Mclntire, J. K. Hosmer, J. R. Ring, J. H. Tenncy, A. C. Plaisted, 
J. E. Morse, Orlando Wetherbee, F. Scott. 

WiNCHENDON SoLDiERS. — A. Fislier, N. B. Bruce, E. Chase, D. 
W. Scott, E. W. Kendall, W. E. Taylor. 

Wbstminster Soldiers. — L. C. White, L. Nichols. 

On arrival at the Fitchburg depot, a procession was formed, and 
escorted by the Ashburnham Cornet Band, marched through Main 
street, the Httle squad of war worn veterans receiving at every point 
demonstrations of congratulation and joy at their safe return ; while 
at the same time, feehngs of grief and sadness were manifest on com- 
paring noiv with then, when three years ago, this gallant company, 
with elastic step and buoyant hopes, under command of Capt. (now 
Colonel) Kimball, marched to the battle field. 

At the Town Hall, the soldiers were welcomed by Hon. Alvah 
Crocker, in one of his hearty, whole-souled and pleasant addresses, 
and other highly interesting exercises followed. At eight o'clock, 
the company was summoned to supper at the Fitchburg Hotel, where 
Mr. Day and his active associates had spread a bountiful repast, and 
where the large assemblage gave every indication that they enjoyed 
the good fare set before them. At the close of the feast, the intel- 
lectual banquet was commenced by Mr. Crocker, who presided at the 
table. He was followed in short and appropriate remarks by Rev. 
Kendall Brooks, Dr. A. Miller, A. P. Kimball, Esq., Maj. F. B. 
Adams, Rev. Mr. Jones, Capt. Miles, and Adjutant Willis, who read 
a letter from Capt. Charles L. Eager, formerly an officer in Co. B, 
regretting his inability to be at the reception. Three cheers were 
here given for Col. Kimball, and Capt. Eager. Lieut Beaudrey, in a 
neat and appropriate speech, thanked the audience in behalf of him- 
self and the soldiers, for the generous and courteous reception 
received at their hands. The pleasant hour at the table was also 
enlivened by singing and sentiment, and some excellent music by the 
Ashburnham Cornet Band. It was a rare and dehghtful occasion, 
and will not soon be forgotten by those who were present. 



TOWN ACTION, PUBLIC MEETINGS, INCIDENTS, 
CORRESPONDENCE OF SOLDIERS, &C. 

EESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT TOWN MEETING, 
APRIL 14tii, 1862. 

The following Resolutions were submitted bj L. H. Bradford, Esq., 

and were accepted and adopted by acclamation and a rising vote : 

Resolved, That the thanks of the town be extended to our own citizens » 
the officers and privates of General Burnside's Division, who have done 
themselves and the town so much honor in the late battles of Roanoke and 
Newbern, thus maintaining by valor and bravery, their right to the position 
accorded them for disciphne and soldierly bearing. 

Resolved, That we extend our thanks to Captain Clark S. Simonds and 
his command, for gallantry on the Heights of Ball's Bluff, and especially to 
George L. Boss, Walter A. Eames, Fred. H. Sibley and Alvin A. Simonds, 
our own townsmen, for swimming their Commander, Colonel Chas. Devens, 
across the bloody waters of the Potomac, on the night of the 21st of October 
last. 

Resolved, That we extend our heartfelt sympathy to Captain Theodore S. 
Foster, and all of the wounded soldiers from Fitchburg, who have so nobly 
maintained the bravery of Massachusett'^ soldiers by pouring out their blood 
on the battle-field. 

Resolved, That we extend our unfeigned sympathy to the families of our 
brave townsmen, Charles D. Munroe, George C. Taylor, Ai D. Osborne, 
John M. Whittemore and Harrison W. Battles, who have laid down their 
lives in defense of their country's honor, that it is due to their memories that 
their heroism be commemorated by the enduring granite of their own native 
RoUstone. 

Resolved, That copies of the above resolutions be transmitted to Colonel 
Upton, Captains Foster, Foss and Simonds, and entered on the Records of 
the Town. 

Copies of tte foregoing were sent to the field, and the following 
responses from Colonel Upton and Captain Simonds, were received: 



212 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Headquarters, 25tii Regiment, Mass. Vols., "> 
Neivhem, N. C, April 2m, 1862. > 

J()hn T. Fiiricell, Cleric of the town of Fitchhurg : 

Dear Sir : — With feelings of gratitude, I received from you tlie resolu- 
tions passed by tlie said town of Fitcliburg at tbeir annual town meeting, 
on the 14th inst. While absent from our New England homes, and the 
bosoms of our families, where we have come not from choice, but to do our 
duty to God and our country, in aiding to restore the Stars and Stripes that 
have been torn down by wicked and unprincipled pex'sons calling themselves 
men, it is gratifying to know that we are not forgotten by our friends that 
we have left behind ; that we still live in their memories, and are considered 
worthy of so high a mark of respect and confidence by them, for the part 
we have acted in the conflicts thus far for the siipremacy of the law, and 
maintainance of our glorious Union. In the two battles that we have been 
in, at Roanoke and Newbern, I can say of a truth, I felt comparatively no 
fear for myself, but only anxious to do the best possible thing for the men 
itnder my command consistent with the accomplishment of the work of 
defeating the enemy. And now that they are jDassed, I think I can look 
back with the greatest degree of satisfaction that I have performed my duty 
in a manner which proved for the interests of the Union forces, and to the 
regiment under my command. But I cannot forget to tell you how much we 
need the sympathies and prayers of all our friends at home, both for our- 
selves and those loved ones we have left behind, as I often think they have 
the most trying part of all, and are as mucli entitled to the sympathy of our 
friends as we who have left them, although not exposed to the dangers 
themselves, but in a constant uncertainty about their friends, which we all 
know is very unpleasant. 

Oh, that the Lord might continue to smile upon us, as he has in these few 
months that are past, and that this unholy war may soon be brought to a 
close, and we be returned to our homes, in our happy New England, is the 
ardent desire of him who has written these few lines to you. 

We are still at Newbern the Twenty-fifth guarding the town, and have 
been since we first came here, on the 14th of March. We cannot advance 
from here until reinforced, which I think will not be until something decisive 
takes place at Yorktown and Richmond. I think our force sufiicient to hold 
this place, but not sufficient to hold the place and make an advance at the 
same time, and therefore we had much better wait a few weeks than to make 
an attempt that we could not carry through. I suppose that by to-day the 
bombardment of Fort Macon will commence, and therefore you may expect 
to soon hear of its surrender. Our forces have been some four or five weeks 
getting ready, under command of Gen. Parke, and we feel that we may look 



PITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 213 

now for tho speedy accomplishment of the work, and hope without much loss 
of our brave soldiers. 

Give my best respects to the friends in Fitchburg, and retain a share for 

yourself, 

I am very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

EDWIN UPTON. 



" Camp Winfield Scott, ) 
near Torktown, April I'id, 1862. ) 

Mr. Farwell, Dear Sir : 

With pleasure I acknowledge the receipt of a copy of the resolutions 
passed at the Annual Town Meeting in Fitchburg, and forwarded by yourself 
as Tow"n Clerk. It is exceedingly gratifying to those of us who are actively 
engaged in the services of our country to receive such testimonials of confi- 
dence and respect from our fellow townsmen at home ; and while honoring 
the living, it is still more gratifying to me, sir, to know that the memory of 
those who have laid down their lives in defence of their coimfry's honor, is 
sacredly cherished, and finally, that the gallantry of those who periled their 
own lives to save that of their Colonel's, is acknowledged by those at home. 
In closing, accept my thanks for your own personal testimony of respect and 
confidence. And may I ever merit it, is the wish of 

Yours truly, ' C. S. SIMONDS, 

Capt. Oom'g Co. B, Voth Recft M. V." 



EESOLUTIOXS OFFERED BY L. H. BRADFORD, ESQ., AT ANNUAL 
TOWN MEETING, APRIL 13TII, 18G3. 

Whereas, since the date of our last annual meeting, several of our citizen 
soldiers have sealed their devotion to their country with their lives,, it seems 
fitting that we should make record of the fact, and thus stimulate the living 
by commending the example of the patriotic dead. And therefore 

Resolved. — That we bear in memory, and cherish the names and virtues 
of all those heroic dead who have fallen in the service of their country the 
past year, viz : Capt. Clark S. Simonds, Lieut. Henry A. Bockwith, Cal- 
vin E. Tolman. Alvaranzo Bigelow, Jefferson Lakin, John Cam2:)bell, D. 
Carpenter, W. S. Boynton, Horace R. Barker, Geo. F. Howe, John L. 
Lamson, Charles M. Whitney, Simon F. Marshall, James T. Townsend, 
Amos W. Lawrence, Orwell L. Stockwell, Michael Kavanaugh, Patrick C. 
Sullivan, Michael Spencer, Henry D. Brigham, Wm. S. Bardeen, Henry S. 
Woodbury, and any otlier brave men who have fallen, which we may not 
have named. 



214 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Resolved — That we do extend our sympathies to those who have been 
bereaved in the loss of beloved friends and relatives, whether by death on 
the battle field, or by disease in the camp. 

Resolved. — That we bear in our hearts, those of our citizens who are now 
absent in the service, wlio have gone forth to defend our beloved country, 
and to subdue the Rebellion, that we will continue to follow them with our 
wishes, our sympathies and our prayers, and in due time will welcome them 
home with increased honors. 

Resolved. — That as citizens, and as a town, we will continue our means, 
and our influence, to sustain our Government in its measures, until every 
traitor has disappeared from the laud. 

EESOLUTIONS OFFERED BY L. H. BEADFORD, ESQ., AT TOWN 
MEETING, APRIL 11, 18G4. 

Resolved, That we extend our heartfelt and tenderest sympathies to all of 
the families and relatives of the following soldiers, our own fellow townsmen, 
who have fallen the jiast year in defense of the flag of our common country, 
viz. : Captain George H. Bailey, Captain Jerome K. Taft, Captain John 
Murkland, Lieut. George G. Nutting, Lieut. Fred. II. Sibley, Thomas 
Uartlett, Chas. P. Battles, George L. Boss, Horace M. Churchill, E. L. P. 
Cochran, Israel Cumraings, Henry J. Cutting, Samuel F. Dadmun, Edward 
P. Farwell, David A. Harrington, Francis D. Hill, J. Henry Kendall, 
Henry L. Joslin, George E. Knight, Alvin G. Lamb, Wm. H. Shattuck, 
Wm. H. Simouds, Charles W. Stewart, Solon W. Spooner, Sam'l Stearns, 
N. Bradley Upham, George G. Winchester, Wm. Wooldridge, Frederic L. 
Works, Benj. R. Wiley, Albert C. Wilsey; that we will remember with 
gratitude their noble sacrifice, and embalm their memory in our heart of hearts; 

" So shall they all forever rest, 
By all their country's wishes blest. 
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold, 
Shall come to deck their hallowed mould, 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 
There Honor, too, a pilgrim gray. 
Shall come to bless their honored clay ; 
And Freedom shall awhile repair 
To dwell a weeping hermit there." 

Resolved, That we place upon the Records- of the Town, our thanks to 
those soldiers who have re-enlisted for the war, and also, to Col. John W. 
Kimball, of the Fifty-third Massachusetts nine months volunteers, his officers 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 215 

and men, for the noble record they have made for themselves and for us, 
their fellow citizens. 

Resolved, That we remember with patriotic pride the late heroic action of 
our young townsman, Captain George E. Marshall, of the Fortieth Massa- 
chusetts Mounted Infantry, who, with forty-nine of his men, captured and 
held Gainsville, Florida, against treble the number of the enemy, meriting 
and receiving the thanks of General Seymour, his commanding officer, and 
every lover of our beloved country, and we are happy to congratulate him 
upon his prompt and deserved promotion. 

Resolved, That we remember with gratitude, and appreciate the noble 
patriotism of all our citizens who have taken part in the conflict through 
which we are now passing. 



SUMMARY OF EXPENSE INCURRED BY THE TOWN, ON ACCOUNT 

OF THE WAR. 

The figures given below approximate very closely to tlie amounts 
actually paid out by tlie town, as shown by the books. 

Bounties paid to soldiers direct, by vote of the town, $36,868.00 

Amount refunded by vote of town to subscribers to ' ' bounty 

fund," 34,758.25 

Amou.nt paid to individuals who voluntarily furnished sub- 
stitutes, 4,375.00 

Recruiting expenses, 1,017.05 

Amount paid families of soldiers, reimbursed by the State, ...60, 727. 79 

Amount so paid not reimbursed (estimated) 1,600.00 

Contingent expenses, clothing, supplies, funeral expenses, &;c. 2,890.93 

Total, $142,237.62 

The total debt of the town in 1861, was $58,240.09 ; and in 
1866, $110,278.88 ; an increase of $52,038.79. It is difficult to 
state just what portion of this increase is directly chargeable to 
the war, but a very large proportion of it, to say the least. 

As a thriving and rapidly growing town, our debt is quite likely 
gradually to increase, but we apprehend that whatever charges of 
extravagance our descendants may have occasion to bring against 
us, that portion incurred in the suppression of the Rebellion will 
be considered as money well expended, and will be deemed no 
burden to those Avho live to enjoy what we were obliged to fight 
for, to preserve. 



216 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLI05?. 

SOLDIER'S MONUMENT. 

At the annual Town Meeting in April, 1862, the subject of a mon- 
ument to our fallen soldiers was considered, and a Committee chosen 
to report at a future meeting, on some plan for such a memorial. 
The following constitute the Committee : Alvah Crocker, L. H. 
Bradford, Stephen Shepley, E. T. Miles, Geo. E. Towne, A. P. 
Kimball, and H. A. Willis. This Committee has held many meet- 
ings, and will be prepared to submit to the town, at the next 
Annual Meeting, one or more plans for the proper commemoration of 
our " fallen heroes." It is certainly very desirable that the town 
should do something in this direction worthy of its dignity, and with 
a liberality corresponding to its practice toward the soldiers through 
the whole war, and we doubt not that when the subject is presented 
in a tangible form, that there will be no stint in the appropriations, 
and that the " memorial," whatever form it may take, may be a 
fitting and generous tribute to the memory of those of our young men 
who fell while nobly fighting to uphold our institutions, and the honor 
of our flag. 

REJOICING AND MOURNING. 

While the war was in active progress, our people, as well as the 
whole country, lived in a constant state of excitement. Now jubilant 
over the glorious news of some great victory : now depressed by 
accounts of defeats and disaster. On many occasions, public dem- 
onstrations were made over the good news from the " field," but it 
remained for the occasion of the surrender of General Lee, with his 
entire army, to bring out the general enthusiasm to its fullest extent. 

The news of this last great and final victory was received on the 
morning of April 10th, 1865, while our citizens were assembled in 
Annual Town Meeting. The following extract from the records of 
the town Vt'ill show how it was received : 

Voted, To take a recess of ten minutes to bear read the glorious news 
reoeived by the morning papers, when the Moderator read the official despatch 
lioiu the Secretary of War, auuouuciiig the surrender of the llebel General 



FITCIIBURG IN TUE REBELLION. 217 

Lee and his whole army, whereupon it was reqiiestetl that the meeting rise 
and give loud and long cheers for Lieut. General Grant and his noble army, 
and immediately three times three were given ; also, General Sheridan and 
his brave and fearless army received their due share of the loud and long, 
enthusiastic cheers of the meetins;. 

The meeting then resumed its business, and the following Reso- 
lution, offered bj L. H. Bradford, Esq., was unanimously adopted 
by a rismg vote. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the citizens of this town be reverentially 
offered unto Almighty God for the signal success with which he has crowned 
our arms, in the capture of the rebel Capital, and the whole army of Northern 
Virginia. 

Notice was given to the people to illuminate their dwellings in the 
evening, and a large amount of money was at once subscribed for 
firing salutes, a band of music, and a general jollification, which was 
pretty thoroughly kept up all day, and nearly all night. The town 
was illuminated from one end to the other, and presented a most beau- 
tiful appearance. A procession paraded the streets in the evening, 
with music and fireworks, calling out some of our citizens who made 
speeches suitable to the occasion. Everybody seemed overjoyed, for 
all could see that now was indeed the " beginning of the end," and 
that peace would soon return to bless us. And so it proved, but ere 
it should come, we were destined to receive a shock more terrible by 
far, than we had yet experienced. Our joy had indeed been great, 
and who could have dreamed that in less than one week, we would be 
thrown so suddenly, so terribly to the other extreme. 

The news of the murder of Abraham Lincoln came upon us on the 
morning of Saturday, April, 15th 1865, like a terrific peal of thunder 
in a cloudless sky. Upon receiving the news, the Selectmen at once 
posted a call for a gathering of the people, to take place the same 
afternoon. All business was suspended, and our community gave 
itself up to mourning for a loss to which all the previous disasters of 
the war seemed as trifling. The outward emblems of mourning so 
generally displayed, the blanched faces, the tearful eyes and tremu- 
28 



218 FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

lous voices of the citizens, as tliey met and discussed the gi'eat calam- 
ity, gave token of the deep love the people bore our martyred Presi- 
dent. We give an account of the afternoon services : 

In response to the invitation of the Selectmen, a meeting was 
held at the Town Hall, at two o'clock, P. M., at which time the hall 
was filled to ovei-flowing with grief-stricken men and women. The 
following list of officers was chosen : 

President, Geo. E. Towne ; Vice Presidents, Moses Wood, Alvah 
Crocker, Ebenezer Torrey, Jonas A. Marshall, Alfred Emerson, 
Stephen Shepley, Otis T. Ruggles, L. H. Bradford, J. W. Kimball, 
T. R. Boutelle, Alfred Hitchcock, Amasa Norcross, Nathaniel Wood, 
John T. Farwell, T. S. Wilson, L. B. Jaquith, E. T. Miles, Wm. 0. 
Brown, Lyman Patch, G. M. Steele, Kendall Brooks, H. L. Jones, 
T. K. Ware, Wm. Kimball. Secretaries, 3 ohw J. Piper, C. H. B. 
Snow. 

Mr. Towne briefly addressed the meeting, remarking that nations, 
as individuals, have their seasons of joy and of mourning, and that 
within one short week we had been raised to the highest pitch of joy 
and exultation, and cast down to the lowest depths of grief. He 
eloquently portrayed the many virtues, the pure life, the eminent 
public services of the great and good man, more loved and revered 
by the people than any benefactor of his country save Washington, 
and closed with the remark that words were too feeble to adequately 
give utterance to the grief which possessed all hearts. The services 
were continued by the singing of hymns by the choir, reading of the 
scriptures by Rev. Mr. Jones, and prayers by Rev. Mr. Brooks, and 
Rev. Mr. Steele. 

The following resolutions were submitted and unanimously adopted : 

By the people of Fitchhirg, assembled at the call of the Selectmen of the 
town, on the Ibth of April, 1865.* 

Be it Resolved, That we have heard with a shock of inexpressible sorrow 
of tlie death by assassination, of the President of the United States : 



PlTCnBURG IN THE REBELLION. 219 

That such an event, fitted under any circumstances, to fill the hearts of all 
good citizens with anguish, seems far more disastrous when we remember the 
character of the President, and tlie exigencies of the times; 

That we recognize in him a man whom God had (jualified for a great service 
in a crisis of unsurpassed importance, by giving to him singular practical 
sagacity, and great influence with others, and especially with the masses, by 
maturing in him a deep sense of justice, and all those convictions and senti- 
ments, and traits of personal character which awaken the confidence of the 
people, which rendered him a fitting representative and leader of the nation 
in the terrible conflict of right and wrong ; 

That his clear perceptions of great principles, and his steady purpose to 
maintain them, his sympathy with the oppressed, and his largeness of soul, 
peculiarly qualified him for leading not only in the suppression of the rebellion, 
but also in the more serious, and scarcely less difficult work of reconstruction ; 

And that tlie loss of such a man, at such an hour, is an immeasurable 
calamity, which the Providence of God alone can rule for good. 

Resolved, That while receiving this sudden and stunning blow, we will 
remember that the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth ; that we will call upon 
Him in the bitterness of our distress, to preserve our Nation ; to interfere 
with the plans of wicked and traitorous men ; to guide by His own wisdom, 
in the re-establishment of the National authority in all the rebellious States, 
and in the securing of peace and justice and all human rights to all the people 
of this Republic ; 

And, that we have faith in God, the Ruler of the world, whose plans can- 
not be disaj)pointed, and who, as He has often caused the wrath of man to 
praise Him, can make use of the assassin's hand to set forward the interests 
of Truth and Justice and Right. 

On the Wednesday following the day of the President's funeral at 
Washington, by request of President Johnson to the people of the 
country, funeral services were held in memory of the great, and hon- 
ored, and beloved dead. Business was suspended, and a service held 
in the Congregational Church, which was appropriately draped in 
mourning. Rev. Mr. Emerson preached a very able and impressive 
funeral discourse, giving a sketch of Mr. Lincoln's character, and 
setting forth the lessons to be drawn from the horrid event. A uni- 
versal feeling of sorrow pervaded all classes, and terrible forebodings 
for the future of our beloved country were indulged in, for our Vice 
President had already shown he was not the man for the position which 



220 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

this sad event had elevated him into. Every loyal heart felt itself 
dedicated anew to the great work of extirpating treason from the 
land, and the feehng universally prevailed that no leniency should be 
shown to the plotters and abettors of the great conspiracy against the 
government, of which this wicked murder was the legitimate result. 

THE ESCAPE. 

A story of the adventures of two soldiers of the Fifteenth regi- 
ment, who escaped from the enemy while being marched to Anderson- 
ville, and after wandering in the mountains of Virginia for twenty- 
ty-three days, and travelling four hundred miles, reached our hnes at 
Harper's Ferry, written for this history by Alvan A. Simonds of this 
town. 

" On the 22d of June, 1864, the remnant of the Fifteenth Massa- 
chusetts regiment was captured by Gen. Mahoney's Division, of the 
Rebel army. Roland E. Bowen and myself found ourselves inside the 
rebel lines with plenty of " grey backs " wishing to trade jack-knives, 
watches, &c., &c. We stopped in Petersburg two days, and were 
thence taken to Richmond, to Libby prison, where for two days we had 
the pleasure of looking through the grated windows. In Libby they 
searched us for money, each man being required to remove all his 
clothing, except his under garments, the rebels taking the hberty to 
confiscate all money found. Bowen and I had divided our money, 
and had about seventeen dollars each. I sewed mine very carefully 
into my pants and blouse in four different places, and they succeeded 
in finding only two dollars of it, but my friend was moi'C unfortunate, 
as they took all but three dollars from him. From Libby we were 
taken to Belle Island. The rebels with great generosity gave us some 
tents, which although they would shelter from the sun, were worthless 
in the rain. Our stay here was short, for in three days they started 
us for Andersonville, Ga., travelhng by rail to Lynchburg. 

Bowen and I had resolved to improve any opportunity given us to 
escape. We left Richmond in the morning, and arrived in Lynch- 



FITCnBtJRa IN THE REBELLION. 221 

burg in tlie evening. We were kept in the crowded cars during the 
night without water, and as they had given us none during the day, 
which had been exceedingly hot, we suffered much from thirst. At 
Lynchburg they gave us four daj^s' rations, consisting of sixteen hard 
crackers and a small piece of bacon, this to last until we reached 
Danville, seventy miles south of Lynchburg, to which place they 
intended to march us. When they issued the rations, some very 
mouldy bread was thrown on the ground. Of this we took all we 
could carry in our haversacks, resolving we would make our escape 
before we reached Danville. A few moments before we left Lynch- 
burg, I improved an opportunity to step into a store and buy four 
bunches of matches, paying for them one dollar in Confederate money. 
The first night out we were on the watch to make our escape, but no 
favorable opportunity was offered. But the second day about eleven 
o'clock, the prisoners had got well strung out in attempting to get 
water at a he use in our way, and the head of the column was halted 
in a road leading through a piece of woods. It being very hot and 
dusty, every man made for the shade. This was an opportunity not 
to be lost. Before we reached the Avoods we had so planned as to 
have a guard about a rod in front of us, but none for several rods in 
the rear. We then slipped into the woods. When we were safely 
past the guards, we ran for half a mile or more, until we come to a 
brook, where we stopped and quenched our thirst and had a good 
wash, which was a luxury we appreciated after our travels. We 
rested here for a short time and then started for the Blue Ridge of 
the Alleghany mountains, taking the sun for our guide, travelhng 
northwest as near as we could calculate. The mountains were not 
in sight the first day. The second morning while passing the woods, 
we came suddenly upon a man dressed in gray, with brass buttons 
upon his jacket, and a gun over his shoulder ; as we could not avoid 
him, we walked up to liim, and the rehef of oiu- minds may well be 
imagined when he informed us after a few minutes conversation, that 
he was not a rebel picket, and had no authority to stop any one, but 
was out hunting squirrels. 



222 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

In the afternoon, about one o'clock, I should judge, (neither of U3 
having a watch) we came in sight of the Virginia and Tennessee 
railroad. We were quite a distance from it, but the country being 
very open we could see men upon the road, but could not tell whether 
they were friends or foes. After holding a " council," we concluded 
to keep in the woods until dark, and then cross the railroad. We 
soon found a little brook and proceeded to make ourselves comfortable. 
The mosquitoes were plenty, and comfort not to be had. At about 
ten o'clock we proceeded on our way, and succeeded in crossing the rail- 
road in safety. Several trains of cars passed us during the afternoon. 
We then attempted to travel by taking the north star for a guide. 
This did very well until we came to the woods ; while in the woods 
we found it impossible to keep it in sight, so we laid down for thei 
night. In the morning we resumed our travels, but the country being 
very open, we thought we were running too much risk, and stopped 
until night, when we again took the north star for our guide. We 
were more fortunate than the night before and travelled several hours, 
but before morning we had to stop on account of the woody country. 
Next morning we proceeded, stopping at a house where there was a 
negro woman with several children. She told us she had nothing to 
eat, but if we would go up to " Massa's house " he would give us 
something. We asked if she knew who we were ? She said she did 
not. We told her we were yankees. She said we had better keep 
away from " Massa's " then. She told us where a woman lived whose 
husband was in the rebel army, some half a mile away. To her house 
we went. Bowen stopped outside in the woods, and I went to the 
house. I rapped, a woman came to the door, I asked her if she 
could get me anything to eat. She invited me into the house and 
gave me a large piece of bread. She asked about the army, (rebel 
of course) for her husband had been conscripted, and was serving 
under Lee at Petersburg. I could give her but httle information, but 
told her I was going home on a furlough, over the mountains. I left 
her with thanks for her kindness, and we proceeded on our way, after 
dividing the bread. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 223 

At noon we came to the foot of the mountains, but thought it 
not best to attempt to ascend without more rations. A short dis- 
tance from us was a field of wheat in the stook. Of this we took 
as many bundles as we could carry, threshed it out, went into the 
woods, and soon had it boiling in our cups over, the fire. This, 
without salt, and a little mouldy hard bread was our food for the 
next four days. 

We reached the top of the mountains before sunset, but as we 
wished to take observations, concluded to spend the night there. 
At sunset we took a stick, pointed it toward the setting sun and 
placed it across a stone. We then lay down to rest. When I 
awoke, my friend was placing a stick across the other, thus point- 
ing to the North Star. This showed us how much north of west 
the sun set, and the knowledge was of great advantage to us in 
traveling, the next three weeks. We traveled near the top of the 
mountains the greater part of the day, until thirst compelled us 
to go down for water. We always found good water by following 
down the ravines. The mountains were covered with scrub oak 
and other small brush, which made it very hard traveling, and we 
did not make very rapid progress, but we kept on, up and down 
mountains, traveling by the sun. In three days we reached the 
top of the mountain which overlooked the James river at what is 
known as Balcony Falls. 

The river did not look deep, and we thought we might easily 
ford it, so we walked down a ravine until we came to the water. 
We here boiled some wheat which we had brought with us, then 
took off our stockings, and tried to cross, but found the current 
so deep and SAvift that we could not. On the banks of the river 
we found a small garden which some one had planted, in which 
we dug a few small potatoes, and went back into the woods and 
boiled them. We slept well that night notwithstanding our great 
disappointment. At sunrise we started up the river, going a mile 
or more, when we came to a dam. A high bluff overlooked it, to 
'which I climbed for a view farther up. While on this bluff, two rebel 



224 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

cavalrymen passed up the tow-patli of a canal on the other side of 
the river. Soon after, three boys came out in a boat just below the 
dam, and we called them to take us across, which they did. Still, 
there was the canal between us and the mountains, but we soon 
found a lock where we crossed. Once more we were in the moun- 
tains, having crossed the only river in our course. After travelling 
three or four days up and down the mountains, we came to a log- 
house, where a man sat at the door. We stopped an hour or more 
with him, and he gave us a dinner of boiled potatoes and string 
beans. For the next three or four days nothing of note transpired. 
We got our food by digging potatoes, and taking wheat from the 
fields. July 14th we came to a neat looking frame house. As it 
was a much larger one than we had previously visited, we held a 
" council," whether to go to it, but after walking round so that we 
could examine all sides, I ventured. Found a young lady with two 
children at home, and a negro servant ; told her I was a yankee, had 
made my escape, and would like something to eat. She gave me 
half a loaf of bread, a pie, some bacon, and some milk. I asked 
permission (after eating what I wished) to take the remainder to my 
companion. She granted it, and gave me another large piece of 
bread. She also gave me a Richmond Examiner, of July 12th. I 
returned to Bowen, and we went on a mile or more when we stopped 
to examine the paper. We learned that Gen. Early was in Mary- 
land with a large force. Whether to change our course by crossing 
the valley and mountains, to Beverley, Western Va., or keep on 
northeast, was a question in our minds. At our present rate of trav- 
elling, it would be a week or ten days before we could reach Harper's 
Ferry, and the latest news the paper gave was already a week old, so 
we concluded that Gen. Early, would be further north or else back 
into Virginia before we could get to the Potomac. We had now 
passed through the counties of Campbell, Bradford, Rockbridge, and 
were now in Augusta. We left the village of Waynesboro' on our 
left, and crossed the railroad running to Staunton. In the afternoon 
we overtook a negro with a wooden leg, out picking blackberries. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 225 

lie asked us to his house and his wife cooked us a johnny-cake. 
We spent two hours with them, then Avent on, the negro with us for a 
short distance, telhng us all about the country for several miles. He 
gave Bowen a canteen, which was very useful to us, as we did not 
have to hunt up Avater so often; also some meal and pork. We next 
passed Brown's Gap, but here we had to wait for some rebel scouts 
to pick what blackberries they wanted to eat, before we could cross 
the road. 

We kept on our way into Rockingham county, getting our living 
by going to log houses, near the foot of the mountains, which were 
occupied by the poorer classes, who seldom refused us food. We 
crossed the mountains into Green county, through Madison, and back 
over the mountains into Page, down the Luray valley into Warren 
county. We Avere informed that Gen. Early was back in Virginia, 
that there had been a fight at Snicker's Gap, and the rebel cavalry 
were picketmg Chester and Manassas Gaps, as the yankees were 
expected down on the east side of the Blue Ridge. We continued 
on to the road leading to Chester Gap. When we came in sight 
of the road, only a few rods off, Ave saAv an old man passing on horse- 
back. Before he was out of sight a boy came along, then tAVO rebel 
cavalrymen. After they had passed we pushed on, crossing the road 
and into the woods. We soon came to the road leading to Manassas 
Gap, Avhich Ave crossed and kept on through the woods near the road, 
passing through an open field. When within a fcAV rods of the woods 
we looked up and saAv a squad of rebel cavalry in the road. We ran 
uito the woods and looked around. The rebels had not seen us. 
We Avatched them pass, there were thirteen. We passed Manassas 
Gap railroad that day, and succeeded in crossing in safety Paris Gap. 
The next day we passed Snicker's Gap, but not Avithout an adventure. 
For just as Ave were in the middle of the road, tAVO of Mosby's men 
came around a bend in the road. They saAv us. We ran for the 
woods, the rebels putting spurs to their horses, and as they came up 
to where we crossed the road, Ave Avere in the Avoods up the side of the 
mountain. They sent a pistol ball after us, and just as it Avliizzed 
29 



226 FITCHEUlia IN THE IlEBELLION. 

past our heads, I stumbled and fell. My companion thought I was 
wounded, and cried out "we surrender!" No we don't, said I as I 
jumped up. We ran until out of breath, and then lay down in the 
bushes. If the guerrillas followed us we have the satisfiiction of 
knowing that they had their labor for their pains. I lost my quart 
dipper, but we were about through with that, as we arrived at Harper's 
Ferry the next day and were once more among friends. It was a 
happy day for us. It was twenty-three days after we made our 
escape before we arrived inside the Union lines. We had travelled 
about four hundred miles, and although foot sore and weary, rejoiced 
that we had so providentially made our escape from the horrors of a 
Southern prison. 

IXCIDEXTS OF THE BATTLE OF BALL'S BLUFF. 

It will be remembered that at the terrible defeat at Ball's Bluff, our 
men were driven into the Potomac, and obliged to escape by swimming 
the river. Col. Devens of the Fifteenth, and Lieut. Eager of our Co. 
B, could neither of them swim, and were taken across the river by four 
of the members of Co. B, Walter A. Fames, Geo. L. Boss, Fred H. 
Sibley and Alvan A. Simonds. This gallant action on then' part, 
was duly acknowledged by Lieut. Eager, in the following extract from 
a letter of his which was published at the time. We regret that we 
cannot give similar acknowdedgment from the pen of the other officer. 

"You asked me for an account of my escape from the "sacred soil of 
Virginia" on the night of the 21st of October. I must say I feel decidedly 
delicate in furnishing any items relating to myself, but it will give me j^leasure 
to put on record the acts of those four brave fellows (God bless them !) who 
took me safely across, at the risk of their own lives, and but for whom, I 
might now have been confined in some Southern prison. After the order 
had been given to retreat, we rallied in a kind of hridle path under the Bluff, 
and near tlie river, when Colonel Devens ordered us to throw our arms into 
the river and take care of ourselves as best we could. Thert; were a gocd 
many of the Company who said they could not swim, or did not dare under- 
take it. I told them I could not swim, but we would keep together as 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 227 

much as possible, make our way up the river, and perhaps find a boat in 
which we could cross. Geo. L. Boss upon hearing me say I could notsWim, 
said two or three of them could take me across, and soon appeared with 
Corporal Fred. H. Sibley and Alvan A. Simonds, who insisted upon my going 
with them. I told them I might be the means of drowning them all, and 
they had better go without me, but they still insisted, and seemed so confident 
of success, I told them if I could find anything that would float, T would make 
the attempt. Upon going to the river edge, we found a limb some six inches 
through at the butt, and perhaps ten feet long, and in pulling that out, pulled 
up a common jioor joist about the same length. Upon seeing that, I told 
them I could " make the trip" with it, on my own hook, and not endanger 
their lives, but they would not hear a word to that, and said I must go with 
them. At this point Walter A. Eames offered his services in assisting us 
across, and which proved to be very valuable. I certainly think without his 
help we should have had hard work to have reached the opposite shore. Just 
as we were about to embark, Colonel Devens came to the water's edge strij^ped 
of his equipments and clothing, when Eanics asked him if he could swim. 
He replied that he could not. Eames said to him^ " Hop on to our craft, 
and we will take you across too." After satisfying himself they were all 
swimmers but me, he wcided in. 

In spite of all our efforts, we drifted quite a distance down stream, the 
current being strong, and finally landed on a sm^all island, separated from 
Harrison's Island by a stream some twenty-five yards wide, which proved to 
be ford able, only about waist deep. Whon wo ariived at the old barn, we 
learned that no soldiers would be allowed to cross, as they were very busy 
getting the wounded from the Island to the Maryland shore. We found our 
overcoats and blankets which we had left there in the morning, wrapped 
ourselves up and laid down by some wheat stacks till there was an opportu- 
nity for us to come over. We reached Poolesviile about 12 o'clock at night, 
some barefooted, others bareheaded, and some with nothing but sJdi-t and 
overcoat," 



SOLDIERS' COERESPOXDEXCE. 
We select a few of the many letters of our own, and from the 
newspapers, received from soldiers in the field belonging to the diflfer- 
ent regiments, in which we had companies, believing they will be of 
interest to the reader, as conveying the best idea of a soldier's life in 
camp, on the march, and amid the perils of battles. Of the many at 
hand, it is diiScult to make selections, and w^ regret that our space will 



228 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 

permit us to give so few of them. Some were written with a view to 
publication, but the most of them with no expectation of it. They 
are none the worse however on tliat account, and although they are 
used without permission, we trust we shall bo pardoned for the liberty 
taken. We commence with a letter from private (afterwards Lieut.) 
Geo. B. Simonds, giving his experionce at the battle of Ball's Bluff: 

"Lunenburg, Jan. 4th, 1862. 
Dr. Hitchcoclc, 

Dear Sir : Since you have desired me, and I have promised to 
write what I saw and experienced at the battle of Ball's Bluff, I will try and 
do so in this letter. It would be impossible for me to write what is called 
"a ffiowinf account" of that disastrous affair, but if a plain statement of a 
few facts, as they came under my observation, will be acceptable, you shall 
have them. About half past one on the morning of the 21st of October, we 
were all startled by that soldier's warning, the long roll. "To the river, 
take your blankets, overcoats and one day's rations," were the orders. 

To throw on our accoutrements, roll up our blankets and overcoats, and 
fill up our haversacks and canteens, were duties quickly performed ; this done 
we were immediately ordered to march. 

I think wo never marched six or seven miles easier than wo did that morn- 
ino-. We all knew and felt that " sometJdng was up." We all hoped that 
before the next morning, something would be done. 

We arrived opposite Ball's Bluff about four o'clock ; were here ordered to 
halt ; found that those five Companies of our Regiment which had lately been 
stationed at the river as pickets, had already crossed, under Col. Devens. 
We waited until about seven or half past, before receiving any orders to 
cross. A short time before this we had heard irregular firing in the direction 
of the Bluff; it lasted however, but a few minutes, but our impatience was 
only equalled by our eagerness to learn its cause and effect. Harrison's 
Island lay between us and the opposite shore. As this island is over two 
miles long, wo were obliged to cross it. The only means of transportation 
which we had on this side of the island, consisted of two flat bottomed boats 
not capable of holding more than thirty-five men apiece. Arriving at the 
island, we found that the firing we had hoard, was no boys' play. Quite a 
number of Company H's men lay wouiided in the only house there was. It 
was then and there that we first witnessed the horrors of war. 

Leavino- our blankets and overcoats in the ruins of an old barn, we 
embarked, or rather, my Company (B,) crowded itself on to the only boat 
there was for conveying us to the Virginia shore. Notwithstanding the 



FITCHBtlRQ IN THE EEBELLION. 229 

miserable and insufficient means of crossing, we landed safe at the foot of 
Ball's BlufF. We were now fairly on the " sacred soil," to us it was the 
"land of promise"; the great battle-field where the fate of our country was 
to be decided, and, this decided, we should return to our never forgotten 
homes. 

Following a narrow and rather circuitous bridle path, we proceeded through 
the woods, up the BlufF, across an open space, again into some woods to withiu 
a few rods of another open space. Here we found Colonel Devens and that 
part of the regiment that had crossed in the night. We were about a mile 
from where we landed, and in the direction of Leesburg. The roll was now 
called and sixty-five of our Company responded to their names. As this was 
the number that started from camp, it proved that with us, all was thus far, 
well. 

After waiting impatiently some time, and finding that we were not likely 
to move soon, I came to the conclusion that it would be well to look out for 
breakers ahead. Accordingly, I sat down on the ground, the order being 
" rest," and thoroughly refreshed the inner man with salt beef and hard 
bread, and the outer with a short nap. 

While we were here waiting, our skirmishers, or advanced guard, wlio were 
nearly one-fourth of a mile in advance, exchanged shots with those of tlie 
rebels. That those shots did not always fall short of their mark, the wounds 
of the injured, who passed us on their way back to the island, too plainly 
told. Sergeant (now Lieutenant,) Jorgerson of Company A, passed about 
eleven o'clock, wounded in the arm. 

The ground in the open space in our front, rose gradually for about one- 
fourth of a mile, to where our skirmishers were deployed. This space was 
bounded by woods on the left, and partly so on the right. 

Soon after twelve o'clock, my brother, Captain Clark S. Simonds, Co. B, 
was ordered to take his platoon and relieve Company A's skirmishers. As 
we filed out of the woods I heard some one say, " Good Bye, George," and 
turning met the look, and shook the hand of my friend, Andrew Cowdry, of 
Company A. It was the last time I ever saw him. That day " he fought 
his last battle" ; he now " sleeps his last sleep." He was severely wounded 
in the main fight, and died in the hospital a few days after. 

From our new position we could see a part of Leesburg, and what was of 
more importance to us, quite a large body of rebel infantry. They were 
however, out of reach of our guns, we being armed with that very modern 
invention, the smooth bore muskets. 

Perhaps I should tell you that when deployed as skirmishers, each man is 
about five paces from the next, consequently our first platoon of only thirty- 
two or three men, were extended over a line of as many rods. We had not 
been in this position long when we saw an officer ride in front of their infan- 



230 riTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

try and wave bis hand. Immediately the infantry advanced, and at the 
same time a rushing sound was heard in the woods on our left ; some one 
said "cavalry," and sure enough, the next minute a large body of them 
clashed upon us. It was impossible for so few of us, situated as we were, 
to withstand such a force. We fired upon them and did our best to get 
■ back to the reserve. As I turned to retreat, I saw Geo. Taylor a few rods 
from me, making his way off the field, but as he did not get back to the 
reserve and has not since been heard from, I conclude that he was shot dead ; 
being the only one that was killed in that skirmish, although two of our boys 
who were wounded and taken prisoners have since died from the effects of 
their wounds. I had not proceeded more than five rods on my retrogi-ade 
march, when I experienced a peculiar sensation in my right thigh. There 
was not much chance to doubt what hurt at that time ; the balls were whist- 
ling on all sides, and I believed that I was carrying an ounce of lead besides 
the forty in my cartridge box. Such proved to be case, for in a minute or 
two my shoe was full of, and my pants satm-ated with blood. Although 
wounded, I still kept on, resolved to get back to friends or die. A body of 
the rebel infantry had got into the woods on the left, and cut off our retreat 
through the open space ; we therefore took to the woods on the right, which 
we knew led round to the reserve. Before I reached them I saw Ai Os- 
born and Albert Litchfield sitting behind a corn stook, both I believe were 
wounded, and both soon after taken prisoners. Stopping behind a little 
house, which was about three rods from the edge of the woods, for a moment, 
I found Geo. Daniels wounded in the wrist and shoulder. Lowell, another 
of our boys, was also there. I saw him go to the corner and fire. "There," 
says he, I've fixed him, I saw him fall. " Lowell went through the fight 
and still lives to tell his own story. 

Leaving the house, I reached the woods, and was now comparatively safe, 
but I was very faint. Before this I had thrown away my musket, and was 
now about to throw away all my trappings, when Corporal Fisher, seeing that 
I was wounded, kindly offered to assist me. With his assistance, I reached 
the river, passing on our way the regiment, which had fallen back to the open 
space, and was now forming in line of battle. 

Here ends my personal knowledge of the Ball's Bluff fight. 

Geo. Daniels and myself were taken to a house on the Island. Here we 
remained until evening, of course not far from where the fighting was going 
on. The awful volleys and the great number of them, told how bravely 
that field was contested. 

Of course I was anxious to know how the battle was going and until it 
was fiiirly ended, the invariable answer to my many (questions concerning it 
was, " our men are slowly driving them," About dark the firing ceased 
entirely, and then came the bitter news that we were defeated. I thought 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 231 

the wound was bad enough and the extraction of the ball pauiful enough, 
but when this word came it proved a '' miserable comforter ^ About this 
time the only boat there was on the Virginia side of the river sank, and the 
poor boys had no chance to retreat except by swimming the river. It was 
an awful evening, and a heart-rending sight to see the wounded, and those 
shivering, benumbed comrades, who had swam that river ; they were seven 
miles from camp, nearly all of them barefoot and with only their shirts and 
drawers on. It was one of the coldest nights we had had, and several of 
our boys were so chilled as to be almost unable to move. No one thought of 
asking whose blanket or overcoat that was, if it was needed it was taken. I 
succeeded in getting to the Maryland shore, in one of the boats. After 
lying on the ground some time, Corporal Fisher, who after helping me down 
to the river, went back, was in the whole fight, and escaped uninjured, 
obtained a chance for me to ride up to Poolesville in an ambulance, arriving 
at the hospital about twelve o'clock. I will not write you my experience of 
hospital life in the succeeding week, suffice it to say, that "there was lack 
of woman's nursing, there was dearth of woman's tears." At the end of 
that time you saw me there, and assisted by Messrs. Kimball and Shepley, 
kindly brought me home. By this act I believe you saved my life, and I 
hnow that I can 7iever cancel the debt of gratitude I owe to you and them. 
May the Great Author of all good remember and reward you. 
Yours, with respect 

GEORGE B. STMONDS. 

Co. B, Voth Regt. Mass. Vols. 



PORTION OF A LETTER FROM " I. B. G." TO FITCHBURG REVEILLE. 

" Headquakters 1st Brig. 1st Div. Otii A. C.,) 
Before Petersburg, Va., August 5th, 1864. ) 

Mr. Editor : The movement so long anticipated, has come off. 
The attack has been made^ and resulted m nothing save a little 
rough experience, which should be very beneficial to those who 
direct the movements of the armies. Our loss has been very- 
heavy, as also, has the enemy's. I propose to give you and your 
readers, a short narrative of the fight, as seen by me. Arrano-e- 
ments having been completed on the previous day, and the lead 
in the charge decided by lot, and the positions of the troops 
assigned to them, early on the morning of the 30th, the Ninth 
Corps and one Division of the Eighth were massed in the rear of 
General Wilcox's front, near the left centre, and then awaited the 
signal for the charge. A mine which run beneath a fort of the 
enemy's in front, was to be exploded. Everything being in readi- 
ness the match was applied, Imt it was extinguished twice, and it 



2Z2 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

was not until 4.40, A. M., and dayliglit had fully come, tliat the 
explosion was heard, and the brown earth was seen rising in a 
towerin^'' cloud to the height of several hundred feet. The explosion 
was not loud, but deep, and shook the earth quite sensibly where 
we were standing. As soon as the explosion was heard the batteries 
on our lines at once opened, and a most terrific firing commenced. 

At the same time the First Division, Ninth Corps, with General 
Bartlett at the head, started over our breastworks and toward the 
enemy's. The charge was successful. The rebels were partially 
surprised and at once gave way, leaving many prisoners in our 
hands, and two stands of colors. 

Our supports came quickly up, and the line was held. Meantime, 
the enemy was vigorously shelling the captured fort from his 
batteries on either flank, but without much effect. 

To take these batteries, however, was next in order, and the col- 
ored division was ordered up. They went in in gallant style, and 
their appearance and conduct seemed to promise much for their 
performance of duty. They were formed in front of our main line, 
and were about to charge, wlien a line of rebels changed them, and 
the inexperienced contrabands at once broke in extremest confusion, 
runnino- into and over the white troops in their rear. A panic 
ensued, terrible in its consequences, for their dense masses, jumbled 
to'^ether in inextricable confusion, and pierced through and through 
by' the terrible fire of musketry and cannister poured into them. The 
day Avas lost ; the troops fell hurridly back in their original line, and 
all attempts to rally them were fruitless until too late. Gens. Bart- 
lett, Griffin and Hartsauft, however, succeeded in rallying a few men, 
and they held the " crater " of the captured fort for some time, until, 
seeino- that there was no hope for a renewed assavdt, and knowing 
that to remain Ion""- would be impossible, the men were ordered to save 
themselves if they could, as the fort must be surrendered. Gens. 
Harnsauft with many men, succeeded in running the terrible gaunt- 
let from the fort to our own lines in safety, and thus escaped ; but 
Gen. Bartlett having in some manner injured his artificial leg, could 
not escape, and surrendered the fort. Thus ended the operations of 
the day. That some one Avas blamable for gross mismanagement, 
there is httle doubt, but it is not my intention now to discuss that part 
of the question. One thing is generally conceded to be true, that is, 
tliat the plan of the assault was faultless. I know not whose it was, 
whether Grant's, Meade's, or Burnside's. But whosoever it was, had 
it been executed properly, it could not have failed of success. 

A SOLDIER TO HIS PARENTS. 

Newbern, N. C, Mar. IWi, 1862. 
Dear Parents : 

Last Friday (loth,) wc landed in the mud, as usual, and started off 
throuo'h the woods along the road toward Newbern. We soon came to some 



FITCnBURG IN THE REBELLION. 233 

barracks which had been vacated a few moments l)efore by about fifty cavalry. 
They left in a hurry. On we marched through the mud ankle deep, preceded 
by our Generals and Aids, one of which soon reported that the rebels had 
left their first Battery, also, that we had obtained possession of the railroad ; 
we soon came to a long breastwork mounting seven guns, with which they 
intended to protect the railroad. This was a masked battery, and the rascals 
might have botliered us some and fell back to their stronger one, for we 
should have driven them just as sure as they had made a stand. But on we 
marched until dark, and at last lay down in the woods, on the wet ground, 
with nothing but our rubber blankets over us. It rained quite hard most all 
night, and it was something of the rough side of the soldier's life. We built 
fires, however, and made out to endure it patiently until morning. As soon 
as it was light we mai'ched along for perhaps a mile and a half, and saw before 
us the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-seventh formed in line of battle, in the edge 
of the woods. We filed behind them to the right and were to flank the 
enemy. We marched up until the head of our column was within ten rods 
of the loft of their battery. The land was wooded and we could not see them, 
but they could see us, or at least knew where we were, from the sound of our 
voices. We soon advanced toward the opening, and the rebels gave us a 
raking fire from a pivot gun on the corner. We immediately lay flat, and 
the grape or canister went over us, hitting a few of our regiment. In this 
position we lay and received six or seven charges, and retired about five or 
sis rods into a hollow. After a little while orders came to go down in front 
of the battery, which was done in good order. Pi'evious to this movement 
we were formed in divisions. The rebel gunners saw us and let fly charges 
of grapo and canister. We lay down as before, and the iron hail passed over 
us. These were moments of awful suspense. The ammunition for our artil- 
lery was all expended. The gunner (whose men had been all shot from the 
guns,) said, give me six hundred men and I will take the Battery. General 
Burnside's Aid told us to charge, and the Colonel gave the order, which was 
promptly obeyed. The rebels gave us a volley of musketry and one charge 
of grape, but we rushed on, and with a loud cheer entered the battery. 
Massachusetts had the State colors on first, but I believe the Pennsylvanians 
had up the Stars and Stripes first. Very soon we marched on about forty 
rods, and formed in line of battle. Here we were sometime, continually 
annoyed by the rebel sharf^shooters. At last General Foster gave orders to 
charge, which we did, and fired a volley into the woods which made them 
leave. I think this was the last firing which was done. We marched up the 
railroad until, arriving at the burning bridge, we were obliged to stop. Here 
we remained about three hours, then crossed into the city by steamboats. 
The Twenty-fifth Massachusetts were the first to enter the city, and have a 
chonce to " look around." I went to a rebel camp and picked up a number 



234 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

of small articles wliicli I shall send home some time if I have an 0])ijortuuity. 
The black people seem delighted to " see de wite people." 

Co. F landed in the city about five o'clock, and the Captain di3uii.s.siiig us, 
we at once went out to pick up trophies. I picked up a rifle, miniature 
cup, &c. Company F took iip quarters in the Mercantile Bank building, 
but has since removed to a fine two story house once owned by Benj . Ellis. 
It is lighted by gas, and very comfortable. Soldiers seldom get such quar- 
ters. Fifty rebel cavalry rode into the city the other day,, without arms, with 
a flag of truce. Some think the rebels will try to recapture the city, but they 
will require a large force to drive us out. There are quite a number of 
cannon to guard the outposts, and about five regiments to support them, 
besides as many more just across the river. I enjoy talking with the secesh ; 
some are a little cross. Truly God was with our forces in this battle, else 
how did we take these fortifications ? They had the advantage, three to one, 
in position, with an c({ual number of men. Let us praise God for these 
great victories. Let us pray for the continuance of His favor, without 
which we shall not conquer. 

Your affectionate son, . 



The following letter from a member of Co. B, Fifteenth regiment, 
will give some idea of army life on the Peninsula, in the famous and 
fated McClellan campaign : 

Camp Advance, near Yorktown, April 1th 1862. 

Friend W. — Your favor of the last of February, did not come to hand 
until after our return to Washington, or I should nave attended to it sooner. 
We embarked on board the steamer " Argo," for Fortress Monroe, on Sat- 
urday, the 29th ult. and arrived there Monday following. Were not allowed 
to land there but laid at anchor till morning, then run up to Hampton, and 
encamped, there until Friday morning, at seven o'clock, when we marched 
for Great Bethel and camped near the ground where the battle was fought 
last summer. Marched at sis next morning, and during the day passed 
over the ground occupied by Gen. Magruder the day previous, arrived at 
this point just at night. There is a force of some thirty thousand in advance 
of us, which looks very much like our being a portion of the reserve. Yes- 
terday was Sunday, and a splendid day it was too. There were several reg- 
iments out scouting, but not a gun fired from our artillery, although there 
are over one hundred pieces already in position. Saturday there was some 
fighting. Gen. Keyes was making an effort to throw a bridge across a 
stream (where the rebels had ])urnod one) undoi- firo. Wo lost only three 



FITCIinURG IN THE REBELLION. 235 

men and seven horses killed, and very few wounded. There are thirteen of 
the Massachusetts re<>;iments in this movement, ineludino: the IGth at For- 
tress Monroe. The 1st, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 15th, IGth, 17th, 18th, 19th, 
20th, 2"2d, 29th. I heard Gen. Porter's force were in advance of all, so 
Massachusetts will be represented by the 9th, and from all accounts they 
expect a good report from them. • Sedgwick's Division is temporarily 
detached from Sumner's Corps, perhaps we shall join him at Richmond if 
success attends us, -as we have faith to Ibelieve it will. I assure you we have 
had a rough time of it since we left Poolesville. Our trip to Berryville and 
Winchester was decidedly severe. We luwe no tents now, but instead, long 
India rubber blankets, and a long rain would be very disagreeable in those. 
The weather generally has boen quite cool since we landed in this section. 

Tuesday Morning. — We are having a cold rain storm ; commenced about 
five o'clock last evening and continued through the night quite severe. 
There is some prospect of its clearing up to-day. Sedgwick's Division is 
Btill here and we may remain for three or four days. It was the general 
impression that we should have a fight on Monday. The truth of it is, we 
know little about the business any way. When we get orders to march, we 
inarch where they lead us, and stop when ordered. It is almost impossible 
to ascertain where we have been, at least to find a name for the place. Afc 
Great Bethel we found an old church (from which it takes its name) and two 
or three deserted houses. Hampton is truly a desolate place. Magruder 
did his work well — did not spare a dwelling within sight of the road for 
miles back into the country. We passed their fortifications at three different 
points after leaving Bethel ; some three miles out, there were quite extensive 
earthworks, and good barracks for eight or ten thousand troops. About 
three-fourths of a mile back from where we are now camped, there are some 
splendid barracks, equal to anything the yankees could get up. The Reg- 
ulars now occupy them. By the way, we have portions of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 
10th, 12th, 14th and 17th U. S. Infontry with us, a few companies from 
each, should say there were between three and four thousand men all told. 
They are held in reserve I believe — are considered more reUahle than volun- 
teers. All is, I hope the first sharp fight we are in there will be a regiment 
of them along side of us, we will see how much later they stay than volun- 
teers. All above the 10th regiment have been recruited since last summer, 
and have seen no fighting whatever. Most of them have been in barracks 
all winter, and look accordingly. They evidently feel above the volunteers, 
at least feel that they can fight a little better, but I can't see the "point, par- 
ticularly between new recruits of the regular army and volunteers. 

********* 

Truly yours, 



236 FITCHBURa IN THE REBELLION. 

The following letter was written by a member of Company D, 
Twenty-first Regiment, during its connection with the Burnside 
Expedition to North Carolina : 



Steamer Northerer, Hatteras Inlet 
Jan. 21, 18G2 



■} 



Dear Friend W. 

Thinking that a fow lines from me may be accept- 
able, I will venture to write to ygu, that you may know how we are getting 
along. ***** At last the Burnside Expedition has sailed, and 
the Twenty-first is with tliem. Of our movements at the present time you 
are doubtless aware, as far as the press can inform you, but if you were here 
to observe with your own eyes all that takes place, I fear that your opinions 
would not be very high. Certainly there is mismanagement somewhere, for 
often I hear Regimental and Brigade Officers complaining of inefficiency, 
but I assure you the military portion of the expedition is not included in 
their complaints. Every day vessels are getting smashed up by collisions 
and by being wrecked. Already a large steamer, the City of New York, 
loaded with ordnance stores, and the steamer Pocahontas, with ninety horses, 
have been lost by being driven ashore by the high winds and rough waters of 
this dreaded North Carolina coast. We have now been on board ship for 
sixteen days, and expect to be for at least over three weeks yet, and the 
boys are naturally very anxious to get on dry land again, even thougli they 
have to fight for a foothold. * * * Qm- passage here from Fortress 
Monroe was a very rough one, and our vessel was considered a very unsafe 
one for the waters we were in. In consequence of the high seas which pre- 
vailed, we had it anchored one night near Cape Hatteras. We doubled the 
Cape, and were obliged to retrace our steps for about ten miles, to a place 
of safety. The next morning we made the Inlet, thankful that we were safe 
and sound. We arrived here on Monday morning, the 13th instant. The 
weather is very unsteady here, being most of the time cloudy or else high 
winds prevailing. 

Of the two Forts here you probably understand the position as well as I 
can describe it to you. The point of land on wliich Fort Clark is built is 
very sandy, and is a desolate place for one to look upon. All of the boys 
are cheerful, and are anxious to see a figlit soon, and if need be, to engage 
in it themselves. Doubtless before many days we shall have had a conflict 
somewhere, and many of our Regiment may find a grave upon North Caro- 
lina soil. Who are to be the first victims of the enemy's bullets is not for 
us to tell. May be one of my father's cliildren will be called for, to go to 
another world, and perhaps all of us will be spared to return to our homes 



FITCnBURG IN THE REBELLION. 237 

again. If any of us three should perchance have to hiy down our lives in 
this war, all I can ask is that those who arc left lieliind us, dependent upon 
our efforts for their livelihood will be properly caved for, and not be allowed 
to come to w.iiit in this world. I jsliall, if called upon, go to battle deter- 
mined to do my whole duty, like a good and fJiithful soldier. If wounded, 
the wounds will be my pride and glory in future years. If killed, I shall 
die cheerfully, and hope to meat my companion and friend, Serg't. Geo. C. 
Taylor, of the Fifteenth, who has died before me. Taylor was a noble boy 
and of a brave and cheerful spirit. Any mother should be proud of such a 
son, any sister of such a brother. For nearly three years I worked side by 
side with him, and I loved him as a brother. if * * * * 
All of us arc in the best of health, and we ask that you will soon write to 
us, if convenient. Your friend, 

The following arc extracts from a very long letter from Lieut. 
Fred. H. Sibley, of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, to his family, bear- 
ing date July 28th, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss. He lived but 
three weeks after the letter was written, falling a victim to the 
climate of Mississippi and the hardships of the campaign : 

" It has been a long time since I have written a letter home, and now I 
propose to write a long one, giving you a full and detailed account of this 
month's campaign here in Mississippi. I suppose the old Ninth Corps 
will term it the Mississippi campaign, and taking into consideration the short 
allowance of rations we were on, the hot and dusty marches and the scarcity 
of water, I think it rougher than the Peninsula campaign, and those who 
passed througli that can imagine a little what this has been. We read in 
the history of the Russian campaign, of men freezing and dying by the road- 
side. Here in Mississippi we see men drop dead in the ranks while marching 
along, caused by the excessive heat. 

The old Ninth Corps arrived back at om- old camp yesterday, with only 
about one-third of the men fit for duty. The remainder are sick, demoralized 
and " played out." We need rest and must have it. I never experienced 
the want of water so much as I did on the march from here to Jackson. I 
will give you a kind of a diary of the month, commencing July 4th, the time 
we commenced our advance on Jackson. Saturday, July 4th — Went on 
picket on the advance post about three miles from camp. While on picket 
reports came in to us that Vicksburg had surrendered, but I could not believe 
it until about two o'clock, when the Adjutant came out with an order for me 
to draw in my pickets as the regiment was about to move. He said General 
Pemberton had surrendered Vicksburg and the whole gai-rison to General 



238. FITCIIBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

Grant. Grant immediately put his army in motion after Johnson, the Ninth 
Corps having the advance on the left. I immediately drew in my pictets, 
and on arriving back at camp found the regiment ready to move, and waiting 
for me, and an order temporarily assigning me to Company PI, as the officers 
of that company were sick — Captain Sawyer sick with fever, and Lieutenant 
Howe with small pox, of which he has since died. Lieutenant Chipman was 
in command of the Company at the time, and you can imagine something how 
agreeable it was to me to go into Company H, but the easiest way to get 
along in Military is to obey orders and not grumble, and I did so accordingly. 

The regiment did not get away from camp till five o'clock. The officers 
left their baggage and everything behind, taking only rubber blankets with 
them. The Brigade which was encamped some five or six miles in advance 
of us, did not wait for us to come up. We marched about ten miles before 
we halted for the night. We took the wrong road once, and traveled round 
four or five miles more than there was any need, trying to find water. It 
was about eleven o'clock when we camped down tired, dirty and sleepy. 
The march had been a hot and dusty one. Before going further you must 
know that there are not springs and brooks in Mississippi, as in the Northern 
States, and it is hard getting water in the best of times, and at this present 
time it was very dry, as we had not had rains for a long time, and we suffered 
much for want of water. The dust was horrible, being from five to six inches 
deep. We received a large mail at this^olaee. 

Sunday, July 19th — -Were up at three o'clock this morning and got our 
breakfast, then went to work destroying the railroad. Our Brigade destroyed 
about three miles of track, and then burned the depot. Our Corps has 
destroyed the track some ten miles from Jackson north. 

It will cost somebody something to repair it. We got through with our 
work about noon, and then returned to Jackson, making out a pretty hard 
day's work for us, especially for Sunday. But the soldier does not know of 
any such day as Sunday. His days are all working days. The men are 
living mostly on green corn and fresh beef. They have had only quarter 
rations of bread dealt out to them lately. We arrived at Jackson about 
sundown with orders that we should take an early start to-morrow morning 

for Vicksburg. 

* * #■* * * * * 

July 28th — We still lay here (at Vicksburg,) in camp, waiting for trans- 
ports. A part of the Second Division has gone aboard, and I think perhaps 
we shall go aboard sometime this week. 

F. H. S. 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 230 

In Camp, Co. A, Fifty-third Regiment, '} 
Baton Rouge, La., March 13, 18G3. j 

Editor Reveille. — ^Although ordered to be ready to move with tlirec 
days rations in our haversacks on the 9th iust, we did not leave here until 
yesterday morning. At four o'clock, A. M., " reveille " was beat, and at 
five A. M., the order to '.' fall in." Soon the 53d regiment (with the excep- 
tion of Company K, which was detailed on the 10th for special service at 
the city) under Col. Kimball, marched to the levee at Baton Rouge, where 
together with twenty mounted riflemen, they went aboard the steamers 
" Iberville " and " St. Maurice," which, with a gunboat as convoy, imme- 
diately steamed up the Mississippi river to a point of land some eight miles 
above Baton Rouge. Here the expedition lauded, and after a short address 
by the Colonel, in which he reminded the men that they had the honor of 
Worcester North in their hands, and if they mot the enemy the order to 
retreat never should be given unless overpowered by an overwhelming force, 
we marched into the interior. At the lauding we siezed a rebel and a rebel 
" signal flag," both of which we took with us. Immediately upon the mov- 
ing of the regiment, Co. A was thrown out as flankers to the right and left, 
and the cavalry scouted in frouti. After proceeding about two miles inward, 
and thoroughly scouring the country without seeing the enemy, we came to 
the road leading from Baton Rouge towards Port Hudson, down which the 
riflemen went, encountering the cavalry pickets of the enemy, firing at and 
driving them in. But as the expedition had no orders to proceed furthsr in 
that direction, we returned by the Baton Rouge road, having been within a 
dozen miles of Port Hudson, passing our most remote pickets some five 
miles from the city. One of them informed me that two nights previous one 
of their companions was dangerously shot by one of those mounted rebels, 
whom he challenged and stopped, and who upon his advancing, immediately 
fired and fled, but not without his discharging his gun, and as two rifles were 
found near by next morning, it is thouglit with some effect. On our return 
we passed through the city, where we halted, and Colonel Kimball went and 
reported to Gen. Banks. We arrived at camp at five P. M., well satisfied 
that we had marched far enough, and were well tired, but as we received a 
large mail from home on our return, the men soon forgot the march, but were 
reminded of it again, for orders came to strike our " wall tents," and put up 
our shelter tents instead, which we had to do before rcthing. This mornins: 
all our extra clothing, wall tents, &c., have been sent to the city, and we 
have orders to have three days rations in haversacks and be ready to march 
at any moment. It is rumored here and in the city to day, that Port Hud- 
son has been evacuated. B. 



240 FITCHBURO IN THE REBELLION. 

Front of Poet Hudson, Friday A. M. May 29, 18G3. 
Although I have just sent a letter down to division head- 



quarters this morning, I will write again that you may know what have been 
our labors. I will go back one week to Friday, the 22d. On that day we 
were stationed at Simsport, on the Atchafalaya river. Friday evening we 
were ordered aboard the " Laurel Hill," bound for Port Hudson. Most of 
us laid down without unrolling our blankets, using the wet deck for our mat- 
tress and the moon and stars for our coverlet. Saturday morning, May 23d, 
when we awoke, we were at anchor in the "Father of Waters," by the 
bayou Sara. We disembarked at daylight, and our regiment, (the other 
regiments of our brigade has been sent on before us,) acted as a guard to a 
supply train. On this day's march toward our division, on the road in 
advance, we came up with our brigade before dark and reported ourselves, 
immediately pitched our tents in a cornfield, and after making our coffee, laid 
down to rest. About ten o'clock wo were called out and stationed behind a 
rail fence on one side of tlie road, the 31st Massachusetts being on the other 
side, and a battery across it, behind a thick hedge of underbrush. You see 
we had no idea of letting the rebels skedaddle in the night. We slept on 
our arms that night without any cause for an ^arm. 

Sunday morning we were called in, and after we had cooked our breakfast, 
we were ordered out as skirmishers for the whole Division which had started 
onward. During the afternoon we came across a deep ravine, with a small 
brook running through it. Part of the boys in our Company had laid down 
their guns, and were just on the point of getting some water, when we 
received a volley from the enemy concealed on the other side. This made 
the boys jump in a hurry, regardless of water, blankets, canteen, or anything 
else. Strange to say, no one was wounded. We did not attempt to cross 
the ravine, but were ordered back again. That night our regiment went on 
picket, and passed the night without much trouble, except being pretty well 
worn out by losing our sleep. Monday forenoon we rested ourselves. In 
the afternoon wo advanced witli the rest of our Brigade. The rebels were 
posted in the woods, and our advance had driven them back about a quarter 
of a mile by dark. The Fifty-third was ordered to relieve the Ninety-first 
New York, who were in the advance. Soon after, the rebels opened upon 
us, and their fire was immediately returned by two regiments in our rear. 
From front and rear we received volley after volley resulting in several casu- 
alties. Captain George H. Bailey was shot in his left side during this fire ; 
Mason Harrington had a ball just touch him over his eye, and a ball pass 
through his cup and canteen ; Bradley Upham had a ball pass through his coat 
sleeve. As soon as I found they were firing from behind, I laid flat on the 
ground and so escaped uninjured, though I never did hear such a buzzing 



MTClIBUllt} IN THE REBELLION. 241 

around my lioad as there was for a few minutes. As soon as the firing ceased, 
the picket line was corrected, and we had but little firing in the night from 
the rebels, although the balls did buzz occasionally. 

Saturday Afternoon, May SOth. — At three o'clock Wednesday morning, 
we were called up, filled our haversacks with tlu'ee days' rations of hard tack, 
coffee and sugar, rolled our blankets and piled them against a tree, and at 
half past five o'clock stood in line of battle ready to go forward and meet the 
enemy. Colonel Kimball spoke a few words .to us, telling us that he 
expected every man to do his duty, and after asking if he could rely on us, 
there was a unanimous yes, passed the whole length of the line. We 
advanced in the second line of battle, supporting a battery through the woods, 
with the shot and shell flying thick and fast around. One of the enemy's 
solid shot struck a tree about as big as a peck measure, but a little distance 
from us, and cut it completely in two. I used to think it would be hard 
work to pick out a place for a battle, but it seems that the battles take place 
in the roughest places. We have to march over ledges, stumps, brush and 
ravines. We advanced in line without any one being wounded until twenty 
minutes of nine, when I heard the order, " Company A, right face, forward, 
march, by file right, march." Obeying these orders took us to the rear, 
where we learned that we were detailed as provost guard, whose duty is to 
drive forward all stragglers, guard the hospitals and prisoners, &c. Of 
course we could not but be thankful that we were detailed, for no one wishes 
to go into battle, yet I believe that every man of us had made up his mind to 
meet the enemy like a hei'O, and fall nobly if fall he must. During Wednesday 
wounded men were brought in continually, and it was heart-rending to hear 
the shrieks of the wounded. I never should have supposed that I could have 
been so little affected, but I have seen so much suffering that T stood without 
even so much as a shudder, and saw legs and arms cut oflT. One man was 
brought in with his knee all shattered, and he talked and laughed with us, 
yet within an hour after, he had breathed his last. Another came in who was 
shot through his mouth, the ball passing out of his cheek. He could not 
speak, and he would walk around us with th3 blood streaming out of his 
mouth. I pitied the poor fellow, and hoped I never should be in like situa- 
tion. How many were killed on Wednesday I do not know, but I heard one 
of the hospital nurses say a few minutes ago, that up to this time, there were 
about eight hundred in all. But very many have been wounded since 
Wednesday, as the principal action since, has been artillery against artillery. 
Thursday, Friday and to day, we have been getting some heai-y pieces into 
the best positions, while the infantry arc remaining in about the same position 
as on Wednesday night. The rebels are posted in rifle pits, and our boys 
in deep ravines almost under their big guns. Our Company still act as 
31 



242 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

provost guard, and I am satisfied to remain in this position fur the prcscnb. 
As far as I can judge, we are surely going to bag the rebels here, though 
probably they will hold out for a number of days. We have them entirely 
surrounded, and it is merely a question of time when the fort will fell. 



SUKRENDEE. 

As a fitting closo to this field correspondence, the following letter 
from Mr. Frank H. Snow of this town, (an agent of the Christian 
Commission) is given. It is a clear and interesting account, by an 
eye witness, of the surrender of Gen. Lee's Army of Northern Vir- 
ginia, an event which terminated hostilities and brought the war to 
a close. 

Sunday, April 9th, 1865. — The most brilliant page in the military histoiy of 
our nation has been written to-day in characters that shall never be effaced. 
The Rebel Napoleon has surrendered his entire command to the V/ellingtonian 
Grant, and the rebellion is virtually brought to a close. The enthusiasm of 
our troops to-night knows no bounds. The air is filled with the sound of 
glad huzzas as the great news spreads like wild-fire from regiment to 
reo-iment. All along the lines hundreds of military bands are discours- 
in-^ martial music, and naught seems lacking to complete the happiness 
of all. For the first time since the opening of the war, a hundred thousand 
Union soldiers lie down to rest with the certainty that they will not be sum- 
moned to arms before morning. 

It has been a proud day for the Army of the Potomac, which, now 
unchallenged, takes the foremost place among the armies of American his- 
tory. The movement of the last twenty-four hours, attended with such 
glorious results, have evinced the most masterly military genius. 

Appomattox Court House, the scene of the surrender, is by rail forty-five 
miles northwest from Burkesville, one hundred miles west from Petersburg, 
and twenty-four miles east from Lynchburg. 

At Farmville, yesterday, we received intelligence that Thomas was rapidly 
approaching Lynchburg from Tennessee, with a force that could easily hold 
that city against the whole of the rebel army. The circle was being rapidly 
completed, and the array of Northern Virginia seemed already doomed to 
destruction. There was, however, one avenue of escape remaining. Two 
miles Avest of Appomattox Court House, the turnpike road branches off 
toward Danville. Could 'Lee reach this outlet before Grant, he might be 
soared tlie humiliation of a surrender. But not thus was the death blow of 
the rebellion to be averted. While Meade with the 2d and 6th Corps fol- 
lowed closely upon the rear of the rebel columns, Sheridan and the 5th corps 
together with Ord's detachment of the army of the James, were dispatched 
to the left by a circuitous route in order to anticipate Lee's arrival at the last 
loophole of retreat. 



PITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 243 

Ey a forced uight marcli of nearly forty railes, Slicrulau's advance arrived 
at the critical spot almost simultaneously with the vanguard of the rebel 
army at an early hour in the morning. A sharp fight ensued in which the 
cavalry were repulsed, the infantry supports not having yet come up. The 
rebels liad already started their wagon trains through the open gap. At this 
critical juncture the 5th and 2ith corps troops arrived, having pressed for- 
ward upon the double quick for the last three miles of their march. The 
rebel wagon train was captured, and their advancing columns brought to n 
sudden halt by the fatal celerity of the Union soldiers. The circle, some six 
or seven miles in diameter, was now complete. Its circumference consisted 
of a hundred thousand Northern veterans, and the rebel army was its centre. 
Three hundred and eighty pieces of artillery were in position, ready to con- 
centrate a fire of annihilation upon the confederate host. 

Lee's only alternative was — surrender, or death. Under the circumstances 
he deemed it best to choose the former course. The articles of capitulation 
were made out by General Grant, and signed by General Lee at the house of 
Wihner McLean, who, singularly enough, is also, the owner of the first Bull 
Run battle-field. The negotiations were completed at twenty minuter to four 
o'clock this afternoon. At that time the two Generals-in-Chief came out from 
the house and rode away each to his own army. I was so fortunate as to be 
within a rod of General Grant, when he dismounted from his horse. Some 
traces of satisfaction were visible even upon his usually inflexible countenance. 
He filled a tin cup with water from a pail near by, and allayed his thirst. 
Then cutting off a twig from a little bush at h's feet, he sat down in General 
Gibbon's camp chair and began to whittle. In about half a minute he coolly 
turned to Major General Gibbon and remarked, " General, I think we'll 
begin to go home to-morrow." Gibbon replied with enthusiasm, and the 
conversation soon became general. 

The whole impression of Grant's character conveyed by his conduct on this 
remarkable occasion, was that of a great military genius, whom no reverse 
could discourage, no victory unduly elate, and no obstacles deter from the 
successful accomplishment of his plan. 

Amid the general rejoicings which followed the announcement of the sur- 
render, one incident occurred which deserves to be recorded. 

When the good news first came in, Mr. G. S. Chase, the agent of the 
Christian Commission, of the Fifth Corps, remarked to Brig. Gen. Gregory, 
by whose side he chanced to be standing, that no event in American history 
demanded more hearty thanksgiving to Almighty God, than this glorious 
termination of the Great Rebellion. General Gregory immediately ordered 
his brigade to be drawn up in solid column, and then those scarred and 
bronzed veterans, the heroes of a score of battle-fields, sang together, and 
with impressive effect, that familiar doxology — " Praise God from whom all 
blessings flow." 

Such was the fitting termination of the bloody scenes which for four years 
have been enacted on the soil of Virginia. God grant that the sword need 
never again be drawn in defence of Liberty and Union I 



CONCLUSION. 

We liave attempted to tlie best of our ability, with such resources 
as we could command, to prepare in a form to be preserved, our "war 
history." We cannot but feel that it is in many respects deficient, 
but any omissions must be excused in part at least, on the ground of the 
very meagre records that have been preserved. If as in many towns, 
a systematic plan had been adopted and carried out, of collecting 
from month to month, to be preserved, such records and items con- 
cerning our soldiers as might be of interest in future years, the work 
of the historian would have been comparatively an easy one. Some 
efforts Avere made in this direction, as will be seen by what follows. 

At a town meeting held Dec. 14th, 1861, the following resolutions 
were presented by Hon. Alfred Hitchcock, and unanimously adopted. 

Resolved, That the Trustees of the Public Library be rer^uired to take 
immediate measures to preserve in their Archives in some permanent form, 
all the interesting facts, correspondence, narratives, incidents, mamorials, 
trophies, or patriotic sentiments and saci'ifices which may illustrate and per- 
petuate to future generations, the history of the service in which the Fitch- 
burg volunteers have been or may be engaged. 

Resolved, That this request of the town, through the Trustees of the 
Library, be extended to the citizens generally, and especially to the regimen- 
tal and company officers, asking their contributions in making a correct his- 
tory of their services in the war. 

The Legislature of 1863, with the same view, passed an Act 
making it the duty of the Clerk of every city and town, to make 
out a full and complete record of the names of all soldiers, with 
their rank, company and regiment ; " to add to and note any 
changes from time to time, as may be necessary to make said 
record perfect and complete." 

But little was done under either of these plans. So far as relates 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 245 

to tlie Public Lil)rai'y, a few subscription papers and letters from sol- 
diers in the field, are all that its archives afford. With reference to 
the town record it is but just to say, that the work was well begun, 
as we find a list of somethins; more than half the names of soldiers 
who enlisted from this town, giving the military records of a portion 
of them. But unfortunately the record was not kept up. We speak 
of these not to throw censure upon any one, for we well know that 
there was no wilful neglect in either case, but it is only a result of 
carelessness which is very apt to occur in cases where there is no one 
person directly responsible for the work. Had the case been differ- 
ent, this history might have been far more complete and satisfactory. 

But we think that the records which the preceding pages have 
given, show a result of our share as a town in the great work, which 
we may well look upon with pride. 

Few, if any, communities have sent into the service so large a pro- 
portion of their own citizens, and have as large a surplus to their 
credit over all calls. Few have done more for the relief of the sol- 
diers and their families. Our whole people, with hardly an exception, 
have given liberally of their means, and the busy hand of woman has 
incessantly labored for their benefit. All can claim some share in the 
work that has been done. We say all ; but we remember in sadness 
and mortification, that there were a few exceptions. It would seem 
that in a community like ours, where public sentiment was so over- 
whelmingly loyal that any outspoken sympathy with rebels would be 
quite unknown. But such was not the case. A few rare specimens 
of the genus " copperhead " were found here ; men who had no heart 
in the great cause ; no sympathy for those who went to fight its bat- 
tles ; Avho had no joy in our successes, but who secretly exulted Over 
our reverses ; Avho gave nothing for the relief of the war's victims, 
or gave grudgingly ; who were continually croaking over the causes 
which brought on the confhct, or venting gloomy forebodings of the 
future ; and some of whom, when we were crushed by the great 
national sorrow, could ill conceal their delight that our beloved Pres- 
ident, whom they hated, had been removed by the hand of the 



246 FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 

assassin. A few such we had, and they are so few that they might 
easily be designated. But this is unnecessary. The present genera- 
tion knoivs them and will remember them ; the next will be only too 
happy to forget that they ever existed. We leave them to the 
reproaches of their own consciences, which should be more bitter than 
any'execration we might heap upon them. The world is wide enough, 
and there is room for them, but what true man can respect the secret 
enemies of his country^ 

" Living shall they forfeit fair renown, 
And doubly dying shall go down 
To the A'ile dust from whence they sprung 
Unwept, unhonored and unsung." 

But wliile nearly all have done so well, yet to those who actually 
went forth to fight our battles, chiefly belongs the credit. The true 
hero of tliis war is the private soldier : he who at the call " to arms " 
has given up all and gone forth to toil, hardships and privations, for 
the mere monthly pittance and bounty, and the opportunity to fill a 
soldier's grave. To all who have so gallantly served us in the field, 
and helped to achieve the splendid victory, we owe a debt of grati- 
itude we can never repay. While we live, " like the poor, we shall 
always have them with us." Let us never forget what they have 
done for us. Let us cherish them as the benefactors of their country. 
Let them have the respect that is due them, so long as they shall not 
forfeit it by any bad conduct. Let any among them who are needy 
be tenderly cared for. 

Surely, we, fresh from these years of war and bloodshed, cannot 
forget to be just to those whose courage and gallantry we are so 
frimiliar with. They were well cared for during the war; let 
them not be neglected now that peace has come. We cannot 
doubt that the present generation will do them all, justice — Nor 
can we doubt that in future years, when most of us have passed 
away, and this valley shall be filled with substantially another 
people, the few " veterans " who shall go down from us to them 
, " spared monuments" of this great struggle — will be as tenderly 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 247 

clicrislied as were the old " Revolutionary fathers." Some of tliem 
will have a competence, and their declining days will glide smoothly 
on, and in their happy old age they will live over anew their 
younger days in rehearsing again and again, to the dehghted 
children of another age, the " stories of their battles." 

Others, less fortunate, crippled old men, (for they are already 
crippled in their youth,) who have buffeted the seas of Hfe a half 
century beyond this present time, will be poor, feeble, forlorn, 
helpless. These are the legacies we shall leave our descendants. 
Oh, may they tenderly guard them, and prevent suffering and 
poverty from visiting them ; may their lives be made happy, for 
they will soon pass to their rest, leaving no living -witnesses of 
these " our days of trial" ; even as the last " Revolutionary hero'* 
has already been gathered to his fathers, and tve are forced to 

feel that the last connecting link between us and the birth-time of 
our Republic is broken forever. 

Such as they are, and may be, we commend them to the benev- 
olent hearts of their present and future fellow citizens. 

Peace has again come to us, and prosperity reigns among us. 
True it is, that at the present time, (the Autumn of 1866,) the 
political horizon is obscured by clouds, and it would appear that 
the fruits of four years of hard fighting may yet be lost. The 
spirit of treason is still abroad in the land. The people of the 
South, who at the close of the war, acknowledged themselves so 
completely whipped, and were willing to abide any terms that 
would give them their lives and liberty, have, (through a mistaken 
pohcy of leniency towards them,) become rampant, and are fast 
assuming an attitude of defiance. But the signs of the times are 
auspicious, and there are indications that the elections which have 
taken place, and are about to occur, will speak in such " thunder 
tones " to the rebels at the South, and their sympathizers at the 
North, proclaiming the will of the people, (that the great question 
of Reconstruction shall only be settled upon the principles of Justice 
and Right,) that the plotters of Treason and Anarchy will desist 
from their lielli.'^jh schemes. 



248 riTClIIiLIRU IN THE REBELLION'. 

Yet there are those who predict another outbreak at no distant 
day. God grant that we may be spared the hon-ors of another 
Civil War ! But if it should come, our people would remain no 
idle spectators. Fitchburg, in the future, as in thepast, would be 
a unit against treason in whatever form it appears. Our young 
men would again rush to the conflict, which, though it might be 
brief, yet long enough to teach the guilty that the people can 
punish treason and " make it odious," if their officials cannot. 
But this conflict need not occur if the people of the country do 
their duty. The battle is to be fought out at the polls, and the 
ballot is the silent, all powerful weapon. 

To lis, and especially to the young men of the country who are 
just coming to the exercise of their privileges as citizens, is to be 
the keeping and preserving of all that has just been gained by 
successful war. The next few years are to try the strength of 
this Nation. The issue is between loyalty and disloyalty — whether 
the government can be carried on by those who will be true to its 
best interests, and the welfare and peace of the country, or whether 
it shall pass into the control of its enemies whose hands are red 
with the blood of the victims of the Rebellion. 

Let us see to it, as far as in us lies the power, that the 
" Temple of Freedom" is securely guarded, that no " traitor" 
again pollutes the Capitol ; and that none who have been "traitors," 
either North or South, be permitted to have any part in the 
government until they have done works meet for repentance. 

True to our instincts, let no uncertain, temporizing policy ever 
receive any encouragement, from whatever quarter it may originate. 

The war has settled the question that " Secession" is impossible, 
and State Sovereignty is a fallacy, and that the States lately in 
rebellion are subject to all the consequences of the war, the 
abolition of slavery in fact as well as name ; the repudiation of 
their debts incurred in carrying on the rebellion ; and to such 
other conditions as Congress, within the Constitution, has a right, 
and thinks fit to impose for the future protection of the Govern- 



FITCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 249 

ment. The work is going on — let us keep fully awake to the 
emergency. 

As we stand around the fresh graves of the thousands of heroes who 
have laid down their hves in this great contest, filled with gratitude to 
them and the brave survivors for what they have done, let us solemnly 
resolve that we will fight out the battle to the end, that we will be 
swayed from our purpose by no political expedients, but stand firmly 
forth for the right, and insist on those guaranties for the future peace 
of the country which justice and the welfare of the whole people of 
all races and conditions alike demand. With these secured, we shall 
have a peace which will be abiding, when Hberty and equality shall 
prevail throughout the land to all the people. Then shall our govern- 
ment be enduring, because established upon the sure foundations of 
Truth and Justice, and the Eternal Laws of God. 



NOTE. 

The Roster of Commissioned Officers and Roll of all Soldiers from tins to^vn 
■which follow, have been prepared with great care from the Records of the 
Town, and Adjutant General's Office, and from information obtained from 
many different officers and soldiers belonging to the different Companies we 
have sent into the service. The list of Commissioned Officers contains fifty- 
seven names. The whole number of names in the roll, officers and enlisted 
men, is eight hundred and twenty-four, of which seven hundred sixty were 
ntchburg men, and sixty-four were substitutes, who went to our credit. 
The list also includes the names of the few men we had in the Naval service. 
Of our own men all but twenty-one are accounted for. No effort has been 
made to account for the substitutes. The list is submitted with the feeling 
that there must necessarily be some inaccuracies, but no efforts have been 
spared to make it as complete as possible. The compiler would respectfidly 
request all soldiers and others, who may notice any omissions or errors, to 
communicate the same to him, as it is probable that a corrected list will be 
made for the Town Records. 

32 



250 riTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



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wrence, Amos W 

mb, Levi L 

we, George 

wrence, Levi 

sure, Thomas G.-. 
,'eruiore, Ozro J.- 
onard, Elbridge G 
mb, Chester F,--. 






ahy, John 

/crniore, Tlioi 
wlcss, John_- 
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with regiment, 
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with regiment, 
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H • 


Disease, Newbern, N. C. 
Wounds, Williamsburg Va 

K^illed, Petersburg, Va. 
Killed, Petersburg, Va. 

Wounds, I3atonTlouge , La 

Trilled, Gettyslnirg, Pa. 

K:illed, Coal Harbor. 




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A, 21st R( 
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F, 25th Re 

A, 30th ' 
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Mitchell, Wm. C 

Marshall, Pxlward T.... 
Manteas, Albert W.-- 

Mahoney, John H 

Mclntire, James 

Markham, John 

Maynard, George F.-- 

Makepeace, F. A 

Merriam, Newell A 

Morris, John 

Moran , Thomas 

Mclntire, Albion C 

Miles, Michael 


McCarty, Patrick 

Mack, John 

Marsh, Palmer A 

McCoy, John 

Melinday, James A._- 

Morrison, James 

Marshall, Simon F 

Marsh, John 

McMahon, Michael 

McCarty, Michael 

Mclntire, Albert 

Marshall, Theo 

Mecorney, John L 

Marsh, Thomas 



PrTCHBURG IN THE REBELLION. 



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shall, Geo. E 

ot, Edwin H 

se, Wm. G 

ot, Hiram P. 

e, Henry W 

k, G. W 

lan, Thomas 

shall, James A 

% Thomas 


Hamilton A 

ly, Patrick W.-_ 

ly, Maurice 

ire, Geo. H 

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Du, Ansel A 

ban, CorneHus-- 

n, John 

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all, Joseph A.-- 

, John E 

', Joseph' L 

all, Frank S 

James 

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Opening Scenes and Action of the Town, 7 

History op the Second Regiment, 15 

" " " Fifteenth Regiment, 22 

" " " Twenty-First Regiment, 36 

" " " Twenty-Fifth Regiment, 47 

" " *' Thirty-Sixth Regiment, 62 

" " " Fifty-Third Regiment, 71 

" '• " Fifty-Seventh Regiment, 91 

" " " Fourth Heavy Artillery, 99 

Call FOR Three Months Troops, 1862, 102 

The Draft, 106 

Draft of 1863, Draft of 1864, Substitutes, Eepreseutative Eecruits, &.c. 

Relief to Soldiers and Families, 114 

Soldiers' Aid Society, Soldiers' Relief Committee, After Ball's Bluff, 
After Roanoke Island, After Antietam, After Fredericksburg, 
After Gettysburg, The Wilderness, Petersburg, Correspondence. 



Our Patriot Dead, - 148 

Roll of Dead, Obituary Notices of F. A. Hildrcth, C. S. Simonds, John 
Murkland, Geo. C. Taylor, Ai D. Osborne, Geo. B. Simonds, John 
M. Wliittemore, Henry A. Beckwith, C. E. Tolman, C. E. Upton, 
F. H. Sibley, Geo. E. Marshall, Geo. G. Nutting, F. L. Works, 
H. S. Woodbury, Geo. H. Bailey, E. P. Farwell, J. H. Kendall, 
Joseph W. Gird, S. F. Marshall, Joscpli Lowe, Josiah C. Trask, 
Fred. Kimball. 

Soldiers' Funerals, 178 

Capt. C. S. Simonds, Lieut. II. A. Beckwith, Lieut. George G. Nutting, 
Lieut. Fred H. Sil)ley, Captains Bailey and Taft, Sergt. Marshall, 
Privates Farwell, Stuart and Kendall, Lieut. Col. G. E. Marshall. 

36 



282 CONTENTS. 

In Prison, 189 

Notices of John II. rricliard, Chas. E. Goodrich, Wm. T. Peabody 
H. K. Hill, Geo. P. Cotting, W. H. Hayden, Cyrus Putnam, 
•• Eecollcctions of Andersonville," "Life in the South." 

IIeception op Regiments, 203 

Boceptiou of Fifty-third, Reception of Fifteenth. 

Town Action, Public Meetings, Incidents, Correspondence, &c., 211 
Resolutions, Summarj^ of Expenses, Soldiers' Monument, Rejoicing 
and Mourning, Public Meeting, "The Escape," Correspon- 
dence, &c. 

Conclusion, 244 

Bost^;i{ of Commissioned Officers, 250 

BoLi, 01 FiTCiinuRG Soldiers. 253 



-^^ijft^^sF^Sfieii^fc^s-- 



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 

To the Adjutant General of the State for the use of the Reports and records 
of his office; to the proprietors of the "Sentinel" and " Reveille," for free 
Access to their flies ; to Captain Miles of the Board of Selectmen, for valuable 
assistance, and to many officers, soldiers and others who have given impor- 
tant information, the compiler tenders his grateful acknowledgements. 



